Thirty-three children from a community sample, ages 5 to 13, were administered the Rorschach Inkblot Test, along with projective Draw-an-Animal and Draw-a-Person tasks and other psychological measures. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three test order conditions: Draw-an-Animal followed by the Rorschach, Draw-a-Person followed by the Rorschach, and Rorschach before any other projective test. The number of Human and Animal contents in the test records was examined. Analysis showed no significant differences among the three groups for production of the content variables, suggesting that the Rorschach Inkblot Test is relatively robust with respect to test order effects.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the W%, F%, H, P, and Experience Balance on the Rorschach were related to sociometric status in the second grade.

Although the Rorschach is one of the most widely used psychological assessment techniques, its empirical support has been equivocal. One possible explanation for this lack of empirical support is the tendency for researchers to study only the assessment tool with little regard for the clinician using it. In order to examine the relationship between accurate Rorschach interpretation and attributes of the clinicians employing the technique, 46 psychology graduate students were tested in terms of cognitive flexibility. Torrance's Thinking Creatively with Pictures and Cattell's 16-Personality Factor Questionnaire were used to derive various measures of cognitive flexibility. A two-stage multiple linear regression analysis was done. The most statistically reliable result was that flexibility of thought was found to be the single best mediator of accuracy of Rorschach interpretation. Other individual findings were noted and interpreted.

The normal forced-choice Structured-Objective Rorschach Test (SORT) and a modified free-choice SORT were administered to sixty high school students to determine the effects of response set (e.g. social desirability). The results were inconclusive. The following trends, however, were observed: (1) The free-choice modification was more resistant to response set distortion than the normal forced-choice SORT. (2) The free-choice administration showed greater flexibility in enhancement and resistance to social desirability. (3) There was little sex difference in factor scores with respect to choice administration. Females, however, gave more responses than males on the free-choice SORT.

A discussion of the Rorschach's validity as a diagnostic tool seems most manageable when validity is addressed not in terms of global personality descriptions, but rather in terms of specific subquestions. This paper investigates the Rorschach's usefulness as an indicator of cognitive functioning in preadolescent children. Within a developmental framework and focusing primarily upon the cognitive theories of Jean Piaget, predictable stages of the child's intellective growth are described with an emphasis on Rorschach response patterns which seem to best chronicle that growth. Empirical data from both clinical and educational spheres are offered as supportive evidence for the Rorschach as a cognitive correlate. An additional area of focus involves special administrative, scoring, and interpretive considerations of the Rorschach with young children. Though less documented by empirical data, these three areas have been extensively addressed by clinicians via theoretical assumptions and clinical observation. Halpern's theoretical assumptions regarding the development of the child's cognitive skills as well as the traditional scoring systems of Klopfer and Beck will be review. Ledwith's longitudinal study of children's Rorschach responses provides substantial normative data regarding specific scoring categories, and the relationship of certain response patterns to age. In a composite sense, then, the Rorschach emerges as an effective correlate of cognitive functioning in children, and may in fact tap certain cognitive processes in limited populations even more adequately than traditional standardized measures of I.Q.

An investigation was undertaken to examine two measures of personality and their utility with adolescent patient populations. The Rorschach, scored using Exner's (1991) Comprehensive System (2nd Ed.), and the Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY; Lachar & Gruber, in press) were explored as to their ability to distinguish inpatients from outpatients, males from females, and diagnostic groups from one another. COP, AG, CDI, DEPI, SCZI, and HVI scores on the Rorschach were utilized, as were the DIS, SOM, FAM, RLTY, WDL, and SSK scores from the PIY.

Research on child sexual abuse has been largely retrospective and anecdotal in nature, focusing on broad self-report measures of adjustment rather than on more explicit measures of psychopathology. Although there is general agreement that there are harmful effects, there is a lack of consistent empirical evidence. More specific measures, control groups, and larger Ns are needed to gain a clearer understanding. The present study examined Rorschach responses of sexually abused female children as associated with abuse characteristics. Rorschach responses of the sexually abused group were also compared with responses of female clinic controls. None of the a priori hypotheses predicting differences between the groups were supported.

The thesis focuses on the issue of self-esteem in clients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. While this condition belongs to the most common mental illnesses, the role of the patient's self-esteem has not been sufficiently researched. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the relation between anxiety and self-esteem, and to examine whether clients with so called Other Anxiety Disorder manifest specific differences in their level of self-esteem. In the theoretical part we summarize the key findings in the domain of anxiety disorder research; we further compare the different psychological approaches to the issue of self-esteem. There is a particular focus on authors who explore the possible causes and features of self-esteem deviations in patients with anxiety disorders, and who propose hypotheses regarding the nature and origins of this linkage. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of the explicit and implicit self-esteem level in clients with anxiety disorder. For the purpose of measuring explicit self-esteem we have used foreign questionnaires, namely the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the SLSC-R. For implicit self-esteem evaluation we have used the Rorschach test. The research outcomes indicate that clients with anxiety disorders display...

Nos pressupostos winnicotianos, experiências provenientes de uma maternagem insatisfatória podem não propiciaro desenvolvimento adequado dos fenômenos tradicionais, resultando em patologias como a adicção. Devido aos poucos estudos existentes relacionando o fenômeno adicção com a maternagem, decidiu-se investigar o funcionamento psíquico de mães de adictos a drogas, a fim de se verificar quais características deste funcionamento poderiam dificultar o desempenho adequado da função materna. Fizeram parte deste estudo 10 mães de adictos a drogas (cocaína), que foram atendidas individualmente em situação de psicodiagnóstico, incluindo Entrevista semidirigida sobre o filho, Entrevista baseada na Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO) sobre elas próprias e aplicação do Método de Rorschach. As mães foram convidadas a participar desta pesquisa à medida que seus filhos - do sexo masculino e adicto à droga cocaína - davam entrada para tratamento no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e Droga (CAPS-AD) do município de Santana de Parnaíba (região oeste da Grande São Paulo, Brasil). Os filhos adictos não apresentavam perturbação neurológica ou psicológica grave e foram avaliados por outro profissional diferente do resposnável por esta coleta de dados. Na região atendida, predomina uma população de baixa renda. Os dados foram analisados e relacionados entre si, privilegiando os processos de pensamento, de socialização e a dinâmica afetiva, utilizando-se o referencial psicanalítico winnicottiano. Os resultados do grupo no Método de Rorschach e nas Entrevistas configuraram um perfil marcado por um funcionamento psíquico imaturo, por um embotamento afetivo e intelectual, dificuldades de relacionamento objetal adulto, atitudes ambíguas e tendência à repetição de vivências conjugais geradoras de sofrimento, decorrentes de violência e abusos. Tal funcionamento parece derivar-se das próprias vivências precoces, permeadas por uma maternagem não suficientemente boa, que compromete o desenvolvimento do processo de sepração e individuação. A partir deste funcionamento, estas mães não se mostraram capazes de favorecer o desenvolvimento adequado de seus filhos pelas próprias dificuldades na passagem da dependência para a independência e no desenvolvimento de um espaço transicional. / Winnicott reported that an unsatisfatory good-enough mothering experience may not provide the appropriate transitional phenomena development leading to pathologies, for instance the addition. Considering the few studies regarding the relations between the addictive phenomenon and mothering from the mother perspective, was decided upon the investigation on the drug-addicted mother\'s psychic functioning, in order to verify if these performance characteristics could disturb the proper mother\'s function development. This study copes with 10 drug-addict mothers (cocain) that were attended individually in psychodiagnostic assessment, including a semi-structured interview referring to their son, an Adaptive Operational Diagnostic Scale (EDAO) interview and the Rorschach Method. The mothers were invited to participate in the study as long as that their sons, also drug addicted (cocain), had been brought for the treatment at the Alcohool and Drugs Psychological Care Center (CAPS-AD) in the Santana de Parnaíba municipality (São Paulo west region, Brazil), and this is predominantly low-income population. Theis sons were addicts and they did not present neurological or psychological severe disturbance, they were evaluated by another professional other than the person responsible for data collection. Using the Winnicott\'s psychoanalitic reference the data was analyzed and related among each other, focusing on the thought and socialization processes, and on the affective dynamics. The Rorschach Method and interviews results suggested a group with an immature psychological functioning profile, distinguished by an affective flattening, an intellectual blunting, a difficulty in an adult object-reaction, double-meaning attitudes and repeated marital experiences that causes suffering by its violence and abuse. These characterists seem to be a consequence of their own previous experiences and from an unsatisfactory good-enough mothering, hindering their separation/individuation process development. Consequently, the mothers were not able to assist their sons with a proper development considering their own difficulties related to the dependence-independence process and their transitional area development.

O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer indicadores do Método de Rorschach, avaliado segundo a proposta de Aníbal Silveira (1964/1985), para a avaliação psicológica exigida na lei para a concessão do porte de arma de fogo. A amostra foi composta por 150 sujeitos do sexo masculino, de 19 a 51 anos, divididos em três grupos: um grupo controle (GC) extraído da pesquisa de Coelho (2000), um grupo normativo. O segundo grupo (GPA) constituiu-se de 50 candidatos ao porte de arma de fogo para o exercício da função na Guarda Civil de um município de São Paulo e o terceiro, por 50 presidiários (GPR) com histórico de violência e crimes praticados com o uso de arma de fogo e que fizeram parte da pesquisa de Morana (2003). Os protocolos de Rorschach destes três grupos foram comparados quanto aos índices: Impulsividade (IMP), Adaptação à Realidade (RMI), Índice Conativo (Con), Resposta de Movimento (RM) e Resposta de Cor (RC). Para IMP o grupo controle apresentou valores próximos ao esperado, enquanto que GPA e GPR apresentaram esse índice diferente e acima do GC. O RMI não apresentou diferenças significantes entre os três grupos, mas sim nos índices que o compõem (%F+, %V e %A), tanto no total das respostas quanto para as respostas às pranchas monocromáticas e coloridas. O Índice Conativo não diferenciou nenhum dos três grupos, seja no total como nos conjuntos mono e color. Para a RM não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre GPA e GRP porém houve diferença entre o grupo controle e os outros dois grupos. Quanto a RC, não houve diferenças entre o GC e o GPA, sendo que ambos apresentaram diferenças significantes com o GPR. Concluiu-se que tais indicadores, exceto o índice Conativo, podem discriminar sujeitos mais violentos os quais, por questões emocionais, poderiam ser contra-indicados para a concessão do porte de arma de fogo, contribuindo assim para a avaliação psicológica exigida daqueles que buscam o porte de arma. / The purpose of this work is to establish Rorschach Method\'s indicators, evaluated as proposed by Anibal Silveira (1964/1985), for psychological evaluation, a law requirement to a handgun license. The sample was composed by 150 men, aged between 19 and 51 years old, divided in three groups: one control group (GC) extracted from Coelho (2000) research with normal men. The second group (GPA) was composed by 50 candidates to a handgun license as Civil Guards of a town in São Paulo State and the third (GPR), composed by 50 prisoners who committed armed crimes studied in Morana\'s (2003) research. The Rorschach protocols of these three groups were compared regarding the following indexes: Impulsivity (IMP), Adaptation to Reality (RMI), Conative Index (Con), Movement responses (RM) and Color responses (RC). The control group presented expected values for the IMP, while GPA and GPR\'s were higher. There were no significant differences between the three groups regarding RMI index, but they were found in the indexes that compose it (% F, % V and % A), either in total responses, as in responses to monochromatic and colored cards. There were no differences between the three groups in the conative index, in total and in mono and color sets. To RM, no significant differences were obtained between GPA and GPR, but a difference was found between the Control Group and the two other groups. There were no differences between GC and GPA in the RC, but both presented significant differences related to GPR. We concluded that these indicators, except for the conative index, can discriminate violent individuals, who should not be approved to obtain a handgun license for emotional reasons. We conclude also that these indicators can contribute to psychological evaluation of handgun license candidates.