Thesis advisor: Christopher Kelly / Hannah Arendt makes one of the most forceful cases for political life in the history of political thought. In doing so, she praises most prominent republican thinkers from Aristotle to Tocqueville. A unique exception to this praise is Jean-Jacques Rousseau, to whom Arendt subjects to a blistering critique, a critique all the more surprising in light of their comparable concerns regarding science, technology, capitalism, and Christianity, a contrast fleshed out in Chapter I. Exploring Arendt’s explicit critique of Rousseau in On Revolution, however, fails to provide a satisfying answer as to why, despite their shared discontent with modernity, and despite their shared commitment to republicanism, they develop such starkly different conceptions of citizenship, primarily because Arendt confronts those who launched the Reign of Terror rather than Rousseau himself. More precisely, as Chapter II concludes, Arendt argues that Rousseau’s conception fails to meet her standards of political life without addressing the end for the sake of which Rousseau makes his case for citizenship. Their disagreement, therefore, can become of greater interest only once that end is brought to light, a task taken up in the next three chapters. After exploring Rousseau’s case for the weak form of public liberty in Chapter III, as well as the problems that arise from conceiving of citizenship in those terms with a view to the good life, Chapter IV discusses at length the apparently strong disagreement between Rousseau and Arendt over the importance and goodness of pursuing honor or glory in political life, primarily by way of Rousseau’s most vivid account of citizenship, Considerations on the Government of Poland and On Its Planned Reformation. Although Poland helps to demonstrate that, pace traditional interpretations of him, Rousseau has a positive case for satisfying amour-propre, the work also points to difficulties concerning whether Rousseau’s case for citizenship is primarily bound up with what is good for the community or what is good for the individual. Accordingly, Chapter V qualifies Poland’s surface case for honor by circumscribing its pursuit by the demands of happiness, which ultimately leads to a variety of ways in which an individual can experience being a citizen in Rousseau’s view, a set of possibilities quite consistent with the inegalitarian teaching of Rousseau’s oeuvre. With Rousseau’s horizon of happiness in place, Chapter VI explores Arendt’s case against happiness. Despite the many references to public happiness in On Revolution, The Human Condition quietly but clearly argues that citizens, properly speaking, are not concerned with being happy, which brings to light the most important and interesting disagreement between Rousseau and Arendt. Chapter VII thus concludes that comparing Rousseau and Arendt forces us to consider whether human beings should seek happiness or honor, rest or recognition. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

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Diss.--Philosophischen Fakultät--Universität Zürich, 1998-1999.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Tendo em vista os vÃrios exemplos de atrocidades promovidas por governos autoritÃrios no passado e no presente da histÃria, nos quais depositam as vontades de particulares acima dos reais interesses do povo, à necessÃrio que faÃamos uma anÃlise constante sobre a legitimidade dos poderes que nos governam. à imprescindÃvel aos homens assegurarem uma sociedade justa em que seus cidadÃos possam gozar de deveres e direitos iguais. Portanto, o interesse maior deste trabalho à apresentar os fundamentos teÃrico-jurÃdicos que legitimam o poder polÃtico, com o intuito de demonstrar as mÃximas construÃdas por Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) para se alcanÃar uma organizaÃÃo social legÃtima. Frente a tal proposta, partiremos primeiramente das obras Discurso Sobre a Origem e os Fundamentos da Desigualdade Entre os Homens (1755) e Do Contrato Social ou PrincÃpios do Direito PolÃtico (1762), pois acreditamos que para melhor expor as principais caracterÃsticas que embasaram a legitimidade do poder, os referidos textos fazem parte das mais significativas fontes de pesquisa produzidas pelo autor acerca do tema tratado. Devemos enxergar Rousseau em sua Ãpoca na qual as discussÃes em torno das estruturas de governo ganharam espaÃo e notoriedade, pois o movimento racional caracterÃstico da modernidade impÃe questÃes pertinentes à autoridade polÃtica vigente. Entre os grandes pensadores da filosofia moderna Grotius, Pufendorf, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Locke, tiveram importantes papeis, porÃm à Rousseau que, ao partir da Piedade, direciona-se à manutenÃÃo dos interesses voltados a coletividade por meio da vontade geral. / In view of the many examples of atrocities promoted by authoritarian governments in the past and present history, and deposit the wills of individuals above the real interests of the people, we need to make a constant analysis of the legitimacy of the powers that govern us. It is essential to men ensure fair society in which its citizens can enjoy equal rights and duties. Therefore, the greatest interest of this work is to present the theoretical and legal foundations that legitimate political power in order to demonstrate the maximum built by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) to achieve a legitimate social organization. Faced with such a proposal, first depart the works Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among Men (1755) and From the Social Contract or Principles of Political Right (1762), as we believe that to better expose the main features that supported the legitimacy power, its provisions are among the most significant sources of research produced by the author about the theme. We see Rousseau in his time at which the discussions on the governance structures gained ground and notoriety as the rational characteristic movement of modernity imposes issues relevant to the current political authority. Among the great thinkers of modern philosophy Grotius, Purfendorf, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Locke, had important roles, but Rousseau is that, from the Mercy, directs to the maintenance of interests on the community through the general will.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Lett.--Paris 7, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. 322-328. Index.

Mémoire--Diplôme d'études supérieures de science politique--Paris--Faculté de droit, 1961. / Bibliogr. f. 162-164. 1961 d'après la déclaration de soutenance.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1932. / "Reprinted in part from the Annaises J.J Rousseau, volume XXI." "Printed in France." "Bibliographie": p. [117]-204.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--City University of New York, 1981.