Dry matter, crude protein and starch degradation characteristics of one corn (Pioneer 39P78) and four barley grain varieties (CDC Bold, CDC Dolly, Harrington and Valier) were evaluated in two in situ nylon bag trials. Trial 1 compared ground and rolled treatments of Harrington barley and Pioneer 39P78 corn, whereas Trial 2 evaluated ground and rolled treatments of the four barley varieties. Rumen degradability characteristics were compared with analytical results from thermal- and synchrotron-source FTIRM. Infrared absorbance spectra were collected from corn and four barley varieties using thermal-source FTIRM on the mid-IR beamline at the Canadian Light Source, Ltd. (Saskatoon, SK). Synchrotron-source FTIRM spectral data was collected for corn, Harrington barley and Valier barley on the U2B mid-IR beamline at NSLS-BNL (Upton, NY). CHO:Amide I peak area ratios were compared to the in situ rumen degradation results to determine if FTIRM spectral data could be related to the rate and extent of rumen degradation, and if thermal- and synchrotron-source FTIRM yielded different results. A grain x processing method interaction (P<0.01) was observed in both in situ trials where grinding produced a greater increase in the rate and extent of rumen degradation for Harrington barley than it did for corn (Trial 1) along with a greater increase in the rate and extent of rumen degradation for CDC Bold and CDC Dolly than for Harrington and Valier (Trial 2). Among barley varieties, increasing rate and extent of rumen degradation (CDC Bold>CDC Dolly>Harrington>Valier) corresponded to increasing starch:protein ratio as estimated by chemical analysis. This relationship was reversed for corn and Harrington barley where corn had a higher starch:protein ratio yet slower rumen degradation kinetics. For both thermal- and synchrotron-source FTIRM, CHO:amide I peak area ratios were greater (P<0.05) for corn than for Harrington barley. Comparison of CHO:amide I peak area ratios of barley varieties measured with thermal-source FTIR showed that varieties with higher (P<0.05) CHO:Amide I peak area ratios generally had higher rate and extent of rumen degradation. This indicates that starch:protein ratio estimated with FTIRM may be an indicator of rumen degradability characteristics when comparing varieties of the same grain, but not for different species of grains.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-152). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-152). Also available on the Internet.

No description available.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agric.)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 163 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-163). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-113).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brito_rm_dr_jabo.pdf: 302881 bytes, checksum: 3cb3272635784d9b8f72cc366b78ebf9 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Utilizou-se 4 tourinhos Santa Gertrudes de 17 meses de idade e 380 kg (canulados no rúmen e no duodeno) e 16 tourinhos Canchim, de 7 meses de idade e 250 kg, para avaliar a suplementação do capim Marandu durante a época seca, visando ganho de peso corporal (GPC) diário de 0,5 e 1 kg/cab e potencial de fermentação microbiana (y) de 9,5 e 11 g proteína bruta microbiana/MJ energia metabolizável fermentável (EMFe). No ensaio de desempenho, os animais Canchim receberam suplementação individual diária com milho, soja grão e farelos de soja e algodão, durante 168 dias, com pesagem a cada 28 dias. A ingestão diária de pasto foi estimada em 5,91 kg matéria seca/cab. Os tratamentos para GPC diferiram (P<0,05) no desempenho animal, com médias de GPC diário de 0,94 e 1,09 kg/cab, para os tratamentos que visaram GPC diário de 0,5 e 1 kg/cab, respectivamente. O tratamento para GPC diário de 0,5 kg/cab mostrou melhor resultado econômico, mas não permitiu alcançar o peso de abate apropriado. No ensaio de metabolismo ruminal, os animais Santa Gertrudes receberam feno de capim Marandu e suplemento em baias individuais. O tratamento para GPC diário de 1 kg/cab proporcionou maior (P<0,05) digestibilidade da matéria orgânica e de carboidratos totais com médias de 66,63 e 58,68%, respectivamente, quando comparado ao tratamento para GPC diário de 0,5 kg/cab, que apresentou, nas respectivas variáveis citadas, médias de 61,57 e 53,94%. Não houve efeito do potencial de fermentação na digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta. A eficiência de síntese microbiana foi similar (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos, com média de 9,2 g de proteína bruta microbiana/MJ EMFe. / Summary: It were utilized 4 Santa Gertrudis young bulls, with 17 months old and 380 kg (fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas) and 16 Canchim young bulls, with 7 months old and 250 kg, to evaluate concentrate supplementation of Palisadegrass, during dry season, in order to support daily body weight gain (BWG) of 0.5 and 1 kg/head and microbial fermentation (y) of 9.5 and 11 g microbial crude protein/MJ fermentable metabolisable energy (FME). In the performance trial, Canchim bulls received daily individual supplementation of corn, whole soybean, cottonseed and soybean meals, for 168 days. Weight measurements were taken every 28 days. The daily estimated forage intake was 5.91 kg dry matter/head. The treatments for different BWG were different (P<.05) in animal performance, with daily BWG of 0.94 and 1.09 kg/head, for treatments that aimed daily BWG of 0.5 and 1 kg/head, respectively. The treatment for daily BWG of 0.5 kg/head showed better economic result but did not allowed to achieve a suitable slaughter weight. In the ruminal metabolism trial, the Santa Gertrudis bulls were fed with Palisadegrass hay and concentrate feed in individual stalls. The treatment for daily BWG of 1 kg/head resulted in higher (P<.05) digestibility of organic matter and total carbohydrates, with values of 66.63 and 58.68%, respectively, when compared to treatment for daily BWG of 0.5 kg/cab, that showed, in respective variables cited, values of 61.57 and 53.94%. There was no effect of y on digestibility of dietetic nutrients. The efficiency of microbial synthesis was similar (P>.05) among treatments with mean of 9.2 g microbial crude protein/MJ FME.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000811366.pdf: 358045 bytes, checksum: 9cd1f999c10e551e3f1a2870a24607d9 (MD5) / O rúmen é um ecossistema aberto, no qual o alimento consumido pelos ruminantes é fermentado a ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e proteína microbiana, os quais servem respectivamente como fonte de energia e de proteína para o animal. Espécies de micro-organismos têm desenvolvido no rúmen uma série de interações complexas, o qual é um dos melhores exemplos de simbiose entre micro-organismos na natureza. Os métodos convencionais para a taxonomia baseada em técnicas de cultivo vêm sendo substituídas por técnicas moleculares, que são rápidas e mais precisas. O fundamento das técnicas moleculares está na sequência do 16S rRNA que fornece a classificação filogenética usadas na identificação e quantificação da comunidade bacteriana. Para avaliar a diversidade bacteriana ruminal neste estudo, foram utilizados 3 bovinos da raça Nelore, canulados no rúmen. As frações líquida e sólida do conteúdo ruminal foram processadas para extração de DNA metagenômico, após a extração foi verificado a quantidade e integridade das amostras. Em seguida, foi feita a PCR baseada nas regiões hipervariáveis V1 e V2 do 16S rRNA, e em sequência procedeu-se a construção da biblioteca e sequenciamento utilizando a plataforma Illumina. Os dados foram analisados pelos softwares MG-RAST e MOTHUR para filiações bacterianas. Aproximadamente 11.407.000 reads foram geradas com qualidade e 812 e 752 UTOs foram encontrados no nível de espécie e gênero respectivamente. Foram identificados 27 filos no conteúdo ruminal de bovinos Nelore através do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA pela plataforma Illumina. Os conhecimentos gerados a partir do presente estudo são informações primárias e primordiais para o entendimento da composição bacteriana ruminal. Assim, nos proporciona vislumbrar futuro promissor no desenvolvimento de novos métodos e tecnologias aplicáveis na nutrição animal / The rumen is an open ecosystem in which the food consumed by ruminant is fermented to yield short-chain fatty acids and microbial protein, that in turn serve as a source of energy and protein for the animal, respectively. Species of microorganisms into rumen have developed a series of complex interactions that become one of the best examples of symbiosis between microorganisms in nature. Conventional methods for microbial taxonomy based on culture techniques have been replaced by molecular techniques which are quickly and more accurate. The majority of phylogenetic molecular tools for bacteria classification are based on ribosomal 16S rRNA gene that provides resources for identification and also quantification of bacterial communities. In order to evaluate the ruminal bacterial diversity present in three Nelore cannulated cattle, the rumen content was fractionated in liquid and solid samples after its collect. Both parts were processed for metagenomic DNA extraction which in turn was evaluated according quantity and integrity parameters. Next stage consisted in PCR technique based on V1 and V2 hypervariable 16S rRNA regions to generate amplicons used for DNA sequencing performed at Illumina platform. Data were processed by MG-RAST and MOTHUR softwares to deduce bacterial affiliations. Approximately 11,407,000 reads were generated showing quality for indication of 812 and 752 OTUs at the level of species and genus, respectively. Twenty-seven phyla were successfully identified in Nellore ruminal contents by 16S rRNA sequencing in the powerful Illumina platform. The knowledge generated from this study are primary and essential for the wide understanding of rumen bacterial composition information. Thus, it provides us resources to be explored in a promising future focusing the development of new methods and technologies applied to animal nutrition

Resumo: Utilizou-se 4 tourinhos Santa Gertrudes de 17 meses de idade e 380 kg (canulados no rúmen e no duodeno) e 16 tourinhos Canchim, de 7 meses de idade e 250 kg, para avaliar a suplementação do capim Marandu durante a época seca, visando ganho de peso corporal (GPC) diário de 0,5 e 1 kg/cab e potencial de fermentação microbiana (y) de 9,5 e 11 g proteína bruta microbiana/MJ energia metabolizável fermentável (EMFe). No ensaio de desempenho, os animais Canchim receberam suplementação individual diária com milho, soja grão e farelos de soja e algodão, durante 168 dias, com pesagem a cada 28 dias. A ingestão diária de pasto foi estimada em 5,91 kg matéria seca/cab. Os tratamentos para GPC diferiram (P<0,05) no desempenho animal, com médias de GPC diário de 0,94 e 1,09 kg/cab, para os tratamentos que visaram GPC diário de 0,5 e 1 kg/cab, respectivamente. O tratamento para GPC diário de 0,5 kg/cab mostrou melhor resultado econômico, mas não permitiu alcançar o peso de abate apropriado. No ensaio de metabolismo ruminal, os animais Santa Gertrudes receberam feno de capim Marandu e suplemento em baias individuais. O tratamento para GPC diário de 1 kg/cab proporcionou maior (P<0,05) digestibilidade da matéria orgânica e de carboidratos totais com médias de 66,63 e 58,68%, respectivamente, quando comparado ao tratamento para GPC diário de 0,5 kg/cab, que apresentou, nas respectivas variáveis citadas, médias de 61,57 e 53,94%. Não houve efeito do potencial de fermentação na digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta. A eficiência de síntese microbiana foi similar (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos, com média de 9,2 g de proteína bruta microbiana/MJ EMFe. / Summary: It were utilized 4 Santa Gertrudis young bulls, with 17 months old and 380 kg (fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas) and 16 Canchim young bulls, with 7 months old and 250 kg, to evaluate concentrate supplementation of Palisadegrass, during dry season, in order to support daily body weight gain (BWG) of 0.5 and 1 kg/head and microbial fermentation (y) of 9.5 and 11 g microbial crude protein/MJ fermentable metabolisable energy (FME). In the performance trial, Canchim bulls received daily individual supplementation of corn, whole soybean, cottonseed and soybean meals, for 168 days. Weight measurements were taken every 28 days. The daily estimated forage intake was 5.91 kg dry matter/head. The treatments for different BWG were different (P<.05) in animal performance, with daily BWG of 0.94 and 1.09 kg/head, for treatments that aimed daily BWG of 0.5 and 1 kg/head, respectively. The treatment for daily BWG of 0.5 kg/head showed better economic result but did not allowed to achieve a suitable slaughter weight. In the ruminal metabolism trial, the Santa Gertrudis bulls were fed with Palisadegrass hay and concentrate feed in individual stalls. The treatment for daily BWG of 1 kg/head resulted in higher (P<.05) digestibility of organic matter and total carbohydrates, with values of 66.63 and 58.68%, respectively, when compared to treatment for daily BWG of 0.5 kg/cab, that showed, in respective variables cited, values of 61.57 and 53.94%. There was no effect of "y" on digestibility of dietetic nutrients. The efficiency of microbial synthesis was similar (P>.05) among treatments with mean of 9.2 g microbial crude protein/MJ FME. / Orientador: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio / Coorientador: Kleber Tomás de Resende / Banca: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Paulo Roberto Leme / Banca: Geraldo Maria da Cruz / Banca: Paulo de Figueiredo Vieira / Doutor