Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Science)), Rhodes University, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Idaho, 2006. / Abstract. "August 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-227). Also available online in PDF format.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Geography. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-152). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11813

Thesis (M.S.Eco.)--Baylor University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88).

There is persistence of rural poverty in African countries despite efforts by governments to implement community development projects to curb poverty in impoverished rural communities. Zimbabwe adopted the Poverty Alleviation Action Plan (PAAP) under which community development programme was initiated. Community development projects by NGOs and government did not manage to meet the needs of the impoverished communities in Mvuma rural communities. More so, the incremental approach to policy making adopted by the government of Zimbabwe failed to embrace the principles of community development, for example, participation of community projects beneficiaries on everything that impact to their way of living. Despite all the efforts to alleviate rural poverty in Mvuma rural district there is still persistence of rural poverty, characterized by poor roads and struggling of most families to meeting basic needs. Mvuma rural communities are rich in mineral resources and water sources that can be utilized instead of relying on external resources through NGOs. This therefore, calls on the government and NGOs to collaborate towards capacitating Mvuma rural dwellers in order to help alleviate poverty. This study employed qualitative approach to research as it was aimed at describing and understanding rather than explaining human behaviour. Purposive or judgmental sampling was applied. This technique was used as the researcher wanted to get hold of the people who are directly or indirectly linked to implementation of community development projects. However, quantitative method was used to gather demographic information. The PAAP policy relevance to poverty reduction in Mvuma rural district and in Zimbabwe in general was the heart of this study.

Buscando trazer luzes à relação entre arte, cultura e desenvolvimento rural, investigou-se o campo artístico-cultural no norte/noroeste de Minas Gerais (municípios de Arinos e Chapada Gaúcha). Este espaço é particularizado por uma “efervescência” artístico-cultural que se desdobra como produto ao mesmo tempo cultural, político e contingencial. Tal processo é contextualizado a partir da história recente da região, na qual atores diversos buscam imprimir características modernas em desfavor de uma “época” fundada na administração personalista de fazendas, na relação íntima com os recursos naturais e em modos particulares de vida. Tomando isso por base, (i) a realização de manifestações culturais por ex-residentes de áreas rurais, (ii) a organização de redes de artesanato, (iii) as ações artístico-culturais empenhadas pelas prefeituras e (iv) a ocorrência de festivais de cultura popular constituem pontos investigativos distintos que se integraram em uma etnografia conduzida a partir de uma Perspectiva Orientada aos Atores. De um modo, a pesquisa revela a interligação profunda entre esses temas, a despeito de sua aparente independência. De outro, revela arranjos sociais multimotivados que são usados para problematizar aspectos relacionados à construção de subjetividades, à articulação em redes e à realização de poder; aspectos estes fundados em uma ideia e em um idioma de desenvolvimento amalgamado (político-literário-ambiental-cultural). A análise é tensionada problematizando-se agência enquanto produto situado entre “algo que está saindo” e “algo que está chegando”. Por fim, reflete-se sobre o campo artístico-cultural e sua intersecção com questões de desenvolvimento rural. / Seeking to light the relation between art, culture and rural development, we have immersed the artistic-cultural field in the north/northwest of the State of Minas Gerais (municipalities of Arinos and Chapada Gaúcha), Brazil. This place can be characterizated by its artistic-cultural "spirit" resulted as product simultaneously cultural, political and contingential. Such a process is contextualized considering region’s recent history, in which several actors seek to print modern features despite of an "age" based on personalistic farm management, on people’s proximity to nature and on particular ways of life. Taking this into account, (i) the organization of artistic-cultural events by former residents of rural areas, (ii) the organization of craft networks, (iii) the artistic-cultural activities committed by local prefectures and (iv) the occurrence of festivals of popular culture constituted distinct research points that have been integrated in an ethnography conducted on an Actor-oriented Approach. On the one hand, the research reveals the deep interconnection between these issues, despite their apparent independence. On the other, reveals multimotivated social arrangements that are used to discuss aspects related to constructions of subjectivity, networks articulations and power attainment; these aspects are founded on an amalgamated (political-literary-environmental-cultural) development idea and idiom. The analysis is tensioned by positioning agency as a product located between "something that is coming out" and "something that is just coming." Finally, it is reflected on the artistic-cultural field and its intersection with rural development issues.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 40.pdf: 2469462 bytes, checksum: 987436fed704af4581eab12484f1c20d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o discurso de práticas científicas no Brasil. Elegemos como tema preferencial a contribuição de uma geração de cientistas que, a partir dos anos 1930, atuou na elaboração de projetos modernizadores para o sertão. Partimos da premissa que não houve uma descontinuidade entre o discurso higienista de saneamento dos sertões das décadas de 1910-20 e as idéias de modernidade agrícola desenvolvidas a partir de 30. Ao mesmo tempo em que cobravam responsabilidade do Estado na promoção de saúde e educação no campo, cientistas e intelectuais assumiram o papel de promotores da modernização por meio da divulgação de seus conhecimentos.Tomamos a revista agrícola O Campo como objetivo de análise por considerarmos que a mesma se inscreve num momento histórico onde se cristaliza no país um ideário moderno para a sociedade rural, insinuando desde a década de 20. Essa revista representou o ideal daqueles que se autodelegaram a missão de integrar o interior do país à nação.Nesse sentido, esses cientistas viam-se como promotores da modernização a partir da percepção de um passado colonial que influenciara o método de trabalho do homem do sertão. Com isso, observamos o ideário de construção de um novo homem do campo que, agora com saúde, deveria aprender a trabalhar com mais racionalidade. Este ideário estava, assim, voltado para a construção de um novo ethos cultural.

The research question asks: “Is the policy for financial inclusion in Rwanda explicit, appropriate and effective?” The Government of Rwanda targets ‘financial inclusion’ for 80% of the population of Rwanda by 2017. The study considers what financial inclusion means, how policy has captured it, and whether policy implementation reaches the grassroots – and with what effect. Chapter 1 introduces the research study. Chapter 2 gives background to Rwanda’s development, the strategic policy cycle and planning processes, the accessibility of policy detail, and the aspiration for economic transformation to be a ‘middle income’ country by 2020. Professionalising public service, and the role of Rwanda’s leadership are considered, as are Rwanda’s demographic challenges. Chapter 3 reviews literature relevant to Rwanda’s development and to financial inclusion in development. It explores the ‘livelihoods’ analytic framework. Chapter 4 outlines methods and methodological approaches to this study. A ‘grounded theory’ approach is used and a mixed methods approach is applied to the data. The four data chapters (Chapters 5, 6 7, and 8) draw on voices of people involved in financial inclusion policy. In Chapter 5, villagers speak, via a household survey, about good things in their lives, challenges they face, and their actual livelihood activities. They explain their engagement with financial services, and discuss the role of asset ownership. In Chapter 6 senior policy makers speak of vision and pragmatism in financial inclusion policy, and their own rationale for supporting the policy. Chapter 7 focuses on voices at the mid-level of implementation: District level civil servants, cooperative managers, branch bank-managers. All describe challenges and achievements, explaining their personal route to this career position. Chapter 8 returns to grassroots, hearing voices of farmers (in groups and individually), using real lives to show impacts and limitations of the policy. Chapter 9 draws conclusions from the study: the impact of the policy for financial inclusion; the role of central and local leadership; the wider insights allowed into the nature of inclusive development; and the significance of Rwanda’s ‘Home Grown Solutions’. The study proposes a wider use of the livelihoods analytical framework as an aid to understanding transformation at diverse levels in development.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_sl_dr_rcla.pdf: 2739807 bytes, checksum: b0c302e2d7896ecddf1df5701827bc09 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No Brasil, programas de desenvolvimento territorial destinados ao rural ganharam força através do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, que, em 2003, lançou o Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Territórios Rurais (PRONAT), cujas experiências identificaram a importância de ações integradas entre os diferentes ministérios. Portanto, no ano de 2008, o governo brasileiro lança o Programa Territórios da Cidadania (TC), com objetivo de integrar ações e ministérios no desenvolvimento de áreas rurais e urbanas. A presente pesquisa buscou verificar a materialização do Programa Territórios da Cidadania na realidade da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, através das redes criadas pela Cooesperança, Copetec e Coperterra. Metodologicamente a pesquisa utilizou um procedimento misto, envolvendo a análise de dados qualitativos e quantitativos, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações. A estrutura das variáveis utilizadas para a análise das redes integrou aspectos de ordem organizacional, temporal e espacial. A pesquisa constatou que o trabalho em rede desenvolvido pela Cooesperança, Copetec e Coperterra propaga os benefícios do Programa Territórios da Cidadania Região Central para outros territórios. A espacialidade de cada rede criada pelas cooperativas analisadas está presente em seis territórios distintos, beneficiando inúmeras famílias. O planejamento espacial em nível de território, descentralizando poderes, é, sem dúvida, uma ferramenta fundamental e eficiente na proposição de políticas, mas, no sentido de expandir o desenvolvimento, é restrito aos limites de cada território. Portanto, caberia à rede o papel de propagar o desenvolvimento e desconcentrar assimetrias espaciais, as redes seriam elementos materializadores de um desenvolvimento mais equilibrado / In Brazil, programs for the rural territorial development gained momentum through the Ministry of Agrarian Development, which in 2003 launched the National Program for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas (PRONAT), whose experiments have identified the importance of integrated action between different ministries. Therefore, in 2008, the Brazilian government launched the Territories of Citizenship Program (TC), in order to integrate actions and ministries in the development of rural and urban areas. This study aimed to verify the materialization of the Territories of Citizenship Program according to the reality of the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, through the networks created by Cooesperança, and Copetec Coperterra. Methodologically the present research used a combined procedure, involving the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data through semi-structured interviews and observations. The structure of the variables used for the analysis of networks has integrated aspects of organizational, spatial and temporal. The survey found that networking developed by Cooesperança, Copetec and Coperterra spread the benefits of Citizenship Territories Program from the Central Region to other territories. The spatiality of each network created by the cooperatives analyzed is present in six different areas, benefiting countless families. The spatial planning of land-level, decentralizing powers, is undoubtedly an essential tool and efficient policy proposals, but to expand the development is restricted to the limits of each territory. Therefore, the network would fit the role of development and spread spatial asymmetries, the networks would materialize elements of a more balanced development