The American West, once characterized by open spaces, low population densities, and the dominance of primary sector activities, is experiencing high rates of population growth related to amenity migration. Those same natural amenities that attract migration are often degraded by housing growth and associated development; however the extent of impacts and the specific features of the environment that attract amenity migration are poorly understood. This change in land use was investigated by first examining the impacts of exurbanization on three ecosystem indicators (fire hazard, water availability, and distance effects of houses and roads) and secondly by considering the socio-cultural and aesthetic drivers of amenity migration in the Sonoita Plain, Arizona, USA. When the impacts of houses and roads on ecosystem function were considered, 98% of exurban areas were "highly" or "very highly" impacted, compared to 100% for suburban areas and 35% for rural areas. These results were striking because exurban areas have impacts on ecosystem function comparable to those of suburban areas, despite the fact that they support significantly lower population densities. The importance of privacy in the spatial distribution of exurban development was examined through GIS viewshed analysis. Desire for privacy was manifested in the home locations selected by exurbanites, with the large majority of homes located where the inhabitants see few, if any, neighbors. Scenic beauty is a common pull factor for amenity and this study examined three visual quality metrics (naturalness, visual scale and complexity) in relation to the location of exurban houses. Exurban households see significantly more vegetation, more rugged terrain, and a larger viewshed than would be expected if they were randomly distributed. There is evidence that visual complexity throughout the viewshed may be more important than seeing the very highest peaks. These results call into question the use of county-level scales of analysis for the study of landscape preferences, which may miss key landscape aesthetic drivers of preference. Amenity drivers have important implications for the distribution of development and can inform growth strategies designed to minimize negative ecological impacts and protect visual quality of the environment.

Terms used to discuss the cultural landscape, land use issues, and rural visual elements are used to explore changes in eighteen sections of Randolph County, Indiana. Documented trends of change in the visual elementL, and related issues during the forty year period include field enlargement, the removal or deteriration of fences, and loss of tree lines. Some wooded areas were cleared but most showed regrowth after pasturing ceased. Changing agricultural practices and financial pressures under lie many land use choices.Other changes include increasing farm sizes, parcellation, and the deterioration or removal of settlement structures. (55) As changes proceed, old elements, often those providing variety and cultural linkage with the past are giving way; landscapes are becoming more open and uniform. At the same time new elements such as power lines and subdivisions are creating a new rural look. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Mémoire (M.P.M.O.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1986. / Les p. 67, 179, 209 sont manquantes. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thèse (Ph.D.Th.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. / Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en théologie, Études pastorales. Université de Montréal (en extension à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi). CaQCU CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Doctor of Philosophy / Geography / Lisa M. Harrington / The population of the American Great Plains has grown steadily but unevenly. While metropolitan areas − primarily on the peripheries of the Plains − have expanded, significant interior portions have experienced decades of outmigration and the challenges that accompany the exodus. Geographers have explored the interplay between rural population loss and service consolidation, the many reasons people leave, the age-specific dynamics of those leaving, and the varied strategies being employed at different scales to coax people back. The vantage point of the residents who remain in emptying spaces has received little attention, however. Grounded theory guided a sequential mixed method approach to gain a better perspective on the aspects of place that contribute to an individual’s rootedness in the most rural and depopulating portions of the central Great Plains. Questionnaires were mailed in 2015 to 1,000 randomly-sampled households in ten counties of Kansas and Nebraska. Counties were selected on the most rural USDA ERS Rural-Urban Continuum and Urban-Influence Codes, ERS typology identifying population loss, and the most geographically-remote USDA Frontier and Remote Area designation. Focus groups were conducted after the mailed questionnaires in the county seats of three of counties that received the mailed survey. Correlation and contingency analyses were used to explore relationships within the closed-ended questionnaire responses for statistical significance. Open-ended responses provided depth to the closed-ended material. Results of the focus groups provided rich qualitative data that triangulated with quantitative results and offered a holistic view of the aspects of place encouraging someone to remain in a depopulating region. The elements of place encouraging rootedness were similar between the responses on the mailed questionnaire and those from the participants in the three focus groups. Rootedness was most associated with a sense of belonging. Rooted respondents also indicated that they felt good about where they live. In addition, many rooted individuals perceive themselves to be insiders in the community and view community spirit to be strong. Questionnaire results suggest that being involved with the community had a positive relationship with levels of rootedness. Rooted respondents were also more likely to perceive the visual appearance of their nearby surroundings favorably. A significant concern was the need for more vocational services within the focal study counties. A lack of sufficient trained individuals was seen as a reflection of institutional fast-tracking of students out of the area combined with a lack of support for motivating young people to apply their skills locally. Communities within the study area are not in danger of disappearing anytime soon, but their populations’ continued downward trajectory undermines their viability over the long term. Strategies like a shift in local educational approaches and inclusive activities aimed at those more likely to leave may encourage new roots to be put down or nurture roots to grow deeper, thus helping to curb outmigration.

Orientador: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira Ferreira / Coorientador: João Carlos Geraldo / Banca: Odaléia Telles Marcondes Machado Queiroz / Banca: Dante Flavio da Costa Reis Junior / Banca: Andrea Aparecida Zacharias / Banca: Enéas Rente Ferreira / Resumo: Este texto tem como finalidade contribuir com reflexões acerca das transformações e da complexidade do mundo rural, como objeto de análise optou-se por pequenas propriedades rurais localizadas nos municípios de Brotas/SP e Rio Claro/SP. Defendemos a teses que, se a paisagem é resultado da ação humana no espaço, quanto mais diversa e multifuncional ela for, maior será a possibilidade de manutenção dos recursos hídricos, ou seja, as pequenas propriedades rurais de Brotas/SP e Rio Claro/SP que são multifuncionais (maior diversidade paisagística), apresentam maior grau de conservação da água em contraste com as pequenas propriedades rurais não multifuncionais. Para a realização deste estudo foi necessário a estruturação de uma metodologia, esta resultado da compilação de outras três: Multifuncionalidade da Paisagem, Sistema GTP e Sistema de Agricultura. Os dados necessários para o estudo foram bibliográficos, coleta, sistematização e análises de dados primários na forma de 40 entrevistas por questionário em Brotas e Rio Claro e dados secundários através de fontes confiáveis. A paisagem rural, considerando os fatos visíveis e invisíveis, identificada nas pequenas propriedades rurais e compreendidadas no contexto municipal, foi o parâmetro usado na reflexão e explicação da complexidade do mundo rural. A partir do diagnóstico considera-se que as áreas rurais não podem mais ser percebidas apenas como produtoras de alimentos, mas como territórios que abarcam múltipla ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This text aims to contribute reflections on the changes and the complexity of the rural world, and as the object of analysis we chose to small farms located in the municipalities of Brotas/SP and Rio Claro/SP. We defend the thesis that if the landscape is the result of human action in space, the more diverse and multifunctional it is, the greater the possibility of maintenance of water resources, ie small farms Brotas / SP and Rio Claro / SP that are multifunctional (greater landscape diversity), have a higher degree of water conservation in contrast to small non multifunctional farms. For this study it was necessary to structure a methodology, this result of the compilation of three other: multifunctionality landscape, GTP System and Farming System. The necessary data for the study were bibliographic, collection, systematization and primary data analysis in the form of 40 interviews by questionnaire and Brotas Rio Claro and secondary data through reliable sources. The rural landscape, considering the visible and invisible facts, identified in small farms and compreendidadas in the municipal context, was the parameter used in reflection and explanation of the complexity of the countryside. From the diagnosis it is considered that rural areas can no longer be seen only as producers of food, but as territories that span multiple agricultural and non-agricultural functions, driven by need or by specific public policies. In short, we are talking about a restructuring of rural are ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Résumé: Ce texte vise à contribuer des réflexions sur les changements et la complexité du monde rural, et comme l'objet d'une analyse, nous avons choisi de petites exploitations situées dans les municipalités de Brotas/SP et Rio Claro/SP. Nous défendons la thèse que si le paysage est le résultat de l'action humaine dans l'espace, plus diversifié et multi-fonctionnel, il est, plus la possibilité d'entretien des ressources en eau, à savoir les petites exploitations Brotas / SP et Rio Claro / SP qui sont multifonctionnelles (une plus grande diversité de paysage), ont un degré plus élevé de conservation de l'eau contrairement aux petites exploitations non multifonctionnels. Pour cette étude, il était nécessaire de structurer une méthodologie, ce résultat de la compilation des trois autres: multifonctionnalité paysage, système GTP et système d'exploitation agricole. Les données nécessaires à l'étude étaient bibliographiques, la collecte, la systématisation et l'analyse des données primaires sous la forme de 40 interviews par questionnaire et Brotas Rio Claro et des données secondaires par le biais de sources fiables. Le paysage rural, compte tenu des faits visibles et invisibles, identifiés dans les petites exploitations et compreendidadas dans le contexte municipal, était le paramètre utilisé dans la réflexion et l'explication de la complexité de la campagne. De le diagnostic, il est considéré que les zones rurales ne peuvent plus être considérées uniquement comme des producteurs de denrées alimentaires, mais comme des territoires qui couvrent les fonctions agricoles et non agricoles multiples, poussés par le besoin ou par des politiques publiques spécifiques. En bref, nous parlons d'une restructuration des zones rurales, où la recherche d'initiatives qui complètent le revenu, le développement ... (Résumé clic accès électronique complet ci-dessous) / Doutor

Orientador: Arlete Moyses Rodrigues / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T04:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arruda_ZuleikaAlvesde_D.pdf: 7709010 bytes, checksum: 40db509bd6f479a20899a5af276f80f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O trabalho tem como objetivo realizar algumas reflexões sobre as transformações socioespaciais decorrentes do agronegócio no território mato-grossense, em especial o de grãos, buscando desvendar a lógica contraditória intrínseca e as novas territorialidades urbana e rural construídas e/ou ocultadas pelo processo. Para compreender o processo apresenta como o agronegócio produz e (re)produz o território, segundo a lógica da (re) produção ampliada do capital. Analisa a dinâmica do agronegócio e a cadeia produtiva agrária que no espaço, extrapola a produção agrícola, incorpora fluxos materiais (commodities) e imateriais (capitais, informação, tecnologia) de forma integrada e inter relacionada para a efetivação da (re)produção ampliada do capital. O agronegócio ao promover a integração das esferas pré-produtivas (antes da porteira), a produtiva (na porteira) e a pós-produtiva (pós-porteira), redefine a interação campo-cidade e possibilita que a mais-valia possa ser extraída em qualquer ponto da transação na economia. A imagem divulgada do agronegócio obscurece as relações sociais, a propriedade da terra, as contradições, e se ressalta no lucro e ¿riqueza¿ por ele gerados. Aponta que a base da atividade produtiva do agronegócio encontra-se no campo propriedade da terra, meios de produção, mas é na cidade que se localiza a condição de circulação dos fluxos materiais e imateriais decorrentes da circulação do circuito produtivo e efetivação dos negócios do agro. Com base na pesquisa mostra que a fronteira é continuamente (re)dimensionada e que o agronegócio na terra rural faz parte e significa uma extensão do urbano, da mesma forma que o mundo urbano torna-se e significa uma extensão da dinâmica rural / Abstract: The objective of this work is to reflect about the sociospatial transformations resulting from agribusiness at the Mato Grosso territory, mainly grains goods, aiming to reveal the intrinsic contradictory logic and the new urban and rural territorialities built and/or hidden by the process. To help to understand the process, this work also shows how the agribusiness produces and (re) produces the territory according to the logic of the amplified capital reproduction. The work analyses the dynamics of agribusiness and the agrarian productive chain, extrapolates the agriculturist production, incorporate material (commodities) and immaterial (capital, information, technology) flows in an integrated and interrelated way for the achievement of the amplified capital (re) production. The agribusiness, while promotes the integration of the pre-productive, productive and post-productive spheres, redefines the country-city interaction and allows that the profits can be achieved in any point of the transaction. The published image of agribusiness darkens the social relationships, the land property, the contradictions and stands out its own profit and generated wealth. This thesis points that the base of the productive activity of agribusiness is in the country, the land property, and the production goods; but is at the city where the circulation of the material and immaterial flows derived from the circulation of the productive cycle and the concretization of the agricultural business is located. Also is showed that the frontier is continuously (re) dimensioned and the agribusiness in rural lands is a part and means an extension of the urban as well the urban world becomes and means an extension of the rural dynamics / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutor em Ciências

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Geography / Bimal Kanti Paul / Farm-to-school (FTS) programs are promoted as direct-marketing opportunities for farmers. As such, they are regarded by advocates and state and federal agencies as a pathway to rural economic development. The implementation of FTS food procurement poses significant challenges, however. Farmers make decisions regarding whether or not to market products to schools after learning about the program and considering an array of signals from multiscalar policies and governance structures. Research to date has left a gap in understanding farmers’ agency as it relates to governance structures and policy signals. This research on farmers’ engagement with the Oklahoma FTS Program contributes evidence to bridge this gap by examining the experiences not only of producers who participated in a FTS program but also of those who ceased participation or who chose not to participate. Employing a phronetic approach to social science, this explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods case study obtained quantitative and textual data from a mail survey, as well as data from two stints of qualitative fieldwork, in fall 2011 and fall 2012, which involved semistructured interviews and participant observation. Archival research completed the study methods used to gain a deeper understanding of farmers’ perspectives, practices, values, and experiences that informed their decisions to participate or not in a top-down-administered FTS program. Data collection was driven by the concept of farmers’ engagement. As such, eight categories of farmers’ engagement with the Oklahoma Farm to School Program emerged. This research answers these value-rational questions (Flyvbjerg, 2001): (1) Which farmers gain, and which farmers lose, by which mechanisms of power? (2) Is this desirable? (3) What should be done? Results provide evidence of geographically uneven development of a FTS program and incompatibilities between small- to midscale farming and the structure and governance of federal child-nutrition programs.

Orientador: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira Ferreira / Banca: Rosângela Custódio Cortez Thomaz / Banca: Edvaldo Cesar Moretti / Resumo: Este trabalho busca analisar as aproximações e distanciamentos entre duas formas específicas de uso e ocupação do espaço: o turismo e o assentamento de Reforma Agrária. Aderindo ao entendimento de que o território ocupa centralidade na Geografia, e assumindo a concepção classista desse conceito, a pesquisa traz referências contemporâneas que advogam e comprovam a atualidade do pensamento marxista, o que leva à formulação da necessidade da crítica marxista radical, doravante nomeada apenas como crítica. A partir desse suporte teórico-conceitual, os objetivos específicos são relacionar a expansão da territorialização do capital à pressão sobre os assentamentos de Reforma Agrária; problematizar sobre a atual matriz hegemônica de produção agrícola, o agronegócio; pensar o turismo como elemento constituinte, ou, no limite, fortalecedor de territorialidades camponesas ligadas a projetos de transformação social a partir dos assentamentos de Reforma Agrária; fazer uma análise dos trabalhos apresentados em todas as edições do Congresso Brasileiro de Turismo Rural - CBTR, para mensurar as pesquisas críticas sobre turismo no espaço rural; elaborar uma espacialização dos estudos sobre turismo no espaço rural. Para tanto, o estudo se apoia numa pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório, numa entrevista com o professor Ariovaldo Umbelino Oliveira, na leitura e análise de 332 textos publicados nos anais das sete edições do CBTR. Consolidada a análise dos textos, e articulada com as reflexões e informações da entrevista e do referencial teórico-conceitual, a pesquisa evidencia a escassez de estudos críticos, a concentração dos estudos sobre turismo no espaço rural na região sudeste do país, bem como uma adesão de grande parte destas pesquisas aos conceitos de agricultura familiar, novo rural... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper explores the similarities and differences between two specific forms of occupation and use of space: tourism and settlement of Agrarian Reform. Adhering to the understanding that the territory occupies centrality in Geography, and assuming the design class this concept, the research brings contemporary references that advocate and demonstrate the relevance of Marxist thought, which leads to the formulation of the need for radical Marxist critique, hereafter named only as critical. From this conceptual-theoretical support, the specific objectives are to relate the expansion of the territorial capital to pressure on the settlements of Agrarian Reform; problematize hegemonic matrix on the current agricultural production, agribusiness; think tourism as a constitutional, or, ultimately, strengthening of peasant territorialities linked to projects of social transformation from the settlements of Agrarian Reform; make an analysis of the papers presented in all editions of the Brazilian Congress of Rural Tourism - CBTR to measure the critical research on rural tourism ; develop a spatial studies on rural tourism. Therefore, the study is based on a literature search and exploratory, in an interview with Professor Ariovaldo Umbelino Oliveira, reading and analysis of 332 articles published in the Annals of the seven editions of CBTR. Consolidated analysis of texts, and combined with the ideas and information from the interview and the theoreticalconceptual, research shows that few critical studies, the concentration of studies on rural tourism in the southeast region of the country, as well as a membership much of this research the concepts of family agriculture, new rural and territorial development - in its liberal conception. Otherwise, we conclude that, as the settlement of Agrarian Reform is built as a space of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Building upon the ideas of decoupling and convergence, this thesis explores the structure of place-based community experience and levels of well-being for rural residents in southern Alberta. The research objectives are to: 1) measure and identify the experiential character of rural communities within the Behavioral, Cognitive and Affective Domains of community social life, and to understand the structure and complexity of this experience; 2) assess the aggregate differences in the intensity of these experiential structures by degree of rurality as represented by Metropolitan Influenced Zones (MIZs); and 3) model the extent to which these dimensions may account for differences in well-being. Sixteen unique dimensions of variation in rural community experience are identified – partially supporting convergence – and almost no differences are found in the intensity of these dimensions by degree of rurality (MIZs). The findings show a subset of experiential dimensions to be significant predictors of well-being in rural people. / x, 164 leaves ; 29 cm.