Thèse (D.D.R.) -- Université du Québec à Rimouski, conjointement avec l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. [378]-387. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thèse (D.D.R.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, conjointement avec l'Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. 852-924. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

The primary aim of this study is to assess the role of institutions in the process of agricultural change. Throughout this study, the need for an institutional approach in studying contemporary change in rural areas is stressed; moreover, the structure of this institutional approach, capable of being extended to other substantive contexts, has been elaborated. The context for the study of institutions is agricultural despecialisation, an important context when related to regions in which agriculture has become specialised in products now in structural surplus. In this study, the European Community (EC) is singled out as the major institution tackling the problem of structural surpluses in agricultural production. The table wine sector provides the focus for the study of agricultural surpluses since it is characterised by large volumes of unsold surplus production and the need for winegrowers to be 'eased' into other types of agricu1tural production. Between the levels of the EC's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the viticultural holding, there are a range of institutions mediating in the process of despecialisation. The Languedoc-Roussillon, and in particular the departement of Herault, a highly specialised table wine producing region in southern France, is selected as the context for the study of these institutions and their impact upon the process of agricultural despecialisation out of vines.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / Vita. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 25(1964), no. 6, p. 3510. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 453-501).

Anti-social behaviour (herein ASB) has become important socially, politically and culturally in the United Kingdom over the past fifteen years. Successive Governments have prioritised tackling ASB, with a plethora of legislation being introduced to tackle low-level nuisance behaviour. The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) shaped much of the policy in relation to ASB, with the flagship policy of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) being introduced alongside other punitive measures. Alongside the dramatic increase in policy aimed at criminalising nuisance behaviour, a large literature has emerged spanning the social sciences, allied health sciences and criminology fields. Despite a large number of studies examining ASB, none has thus far explored ASB in rural locations. Given that Scotland is a predominantly rural country, it is important that a concept that has driven a large part of the criminal justice agenda is conceptualised in rural locations. Despite the Social Attitudes Survey highlighting the fact that rural areas statistically suffer from less ASB, there is a commonly held (mis)conception that this means that the impact of ASB on rural areas is also less (Ormston & Anderson, 2009). There is also an assumption in the existing literature that because there is statistically less ASB in rural areas, that ASB is less serious than that which exists in urban locations. In addition to a general lack of theorisation of ASB in rural Scotland, the challenges of responding to ASB over a large geographic area adds an interesting and important spatial dimension to the way that ASB is tackled. The core argument in this thesis, therefore, is that the distinctive characteristics of rural environments are central to understanding the nature, meaning and impact of ASB in this environment. This thesis therefore begins to redress the lack of work on ASB in rural locations by conceptualising and analysing the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB in two case study locations in rural Scotland. Garland’s theorisation of the new culture of crime control which emerged in the late 90s provides a helpful urban focused framework to examine debates around rural ASB (Garland, 1996). Drawing on the existing urban-based ASB literature, the thesis begins by critically examining whether ASB that occurs in rural locations is distinct from that witnessed in urban environments. This thesis argues that, although there are distinct aspects to the ASB present in the rural Scottish case studies, the ASB experienced typically mirrors that experienced in urban locations rather than reflecting a distinct form of rural ASB. Nevertheless, the rural context fundamentally shapes the impact that ASB has on rural communities. The thesis draws on criminological and rural literatures to argue that a more sophisticated approach, where scale, harm and context are central components of the way that the impact of ASB on rural communities is understood, needs to be developed. The limited rural literature examining crime often neglects the everyday, lived reality of the impact of ASB and crime on remote populations, instead tending to focus on the structural challenges associated with tackling ASB. Exploring the impact of ASB at this micro-scale illuminates interesting differences between the urban conceptualisations of ASB and those found in the rural. Progressing up to the meso-scale is important for understanding ways that the police and other actors respond to ASB in rural locations. The challenges associated with the scale of rural locations is apparent through the response of the police and other agencies to ASB. This thesis argues that, in contrast to the way that ASB is conceptualised in rural locations, there is a distinct rural policing response to ASB with a distinct interaction between agencies, the community and the police which is enabled by the scale at which each operates. ASB in rural locations therefore tends to be tackled in a more holistic manner, in which the circumstances of the individuals involved tend to be considered before the appropriate interventions are made. Context and scale therefore play a key role in understanding the response of various actors to ASB. Combining these three conceptual inputs, this study engages with an area of ASB which has hitherto received scant attention. In contrast to much of the existing urban ASB literature, which treats the context as a passive entity, this thesis argues that ‘the rural’ is a key contextual part of understanding the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB. Far from being a peripheral part of the ASB literature, the rural environment therefore should be considered of key importance for understanding ASB in other contexts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsisn--Madison, 1936. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references ([5] leaves at end).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:32:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856837.pdf: 6168289 bytes, checksum: 4c0aea769f044276c9094497c9c1d5ae (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O trabalho consiste em uma investigação, através de um conjunto de imagens referentes ao espaço campestre, sobre a construção conceitual do que denominamos de rural no Brasil. Baseado em uma análise de uma imaginação espacial que se produziu sobre o campo na história brasileira, apontamos os elementos que contribuiram para o entendimento da sua conformação espacial atual. Como resultado, lançamos ideias para um debate sobre a construção do espaço rural como um elemento subalterno ao urbano dentro das dinâmicas dos processos do modo de produção capitalista, sendo esta construção realizada através da imposição de um imaginário espacial organizado, dentro de uma caracterização singular, baseado em uma tríade de elementos ideológicos: a modernidade, a urbanidade e o eurocentrismo. A construção desse imaginário sobre o rural implicando uma ação sobre o espaço, uma imaginação espacial, que continua produzindo um rural conforme colocado, num processo de circularidade / The work consists of an investigation, through a set of images for the country space, the historical construction of what we call rural. Thus, by analyzing a spatial imagination that took place on rural in Brazilian history, we point out some elements that can contribute to the understanding of its development and expropriations suffered historically. As a result we launched the ideas to the debate that the countryside was built as a subordinate element within the urban dynamics of the processes of the capitalist mode of production, which is building held by imposing a spatial imaginary organized into a single characterization based in a triad of ideological elements: modernity, urbanity and eurocentrism, with this imaginary on rural implying an action about space, a space imagination, building rural as placed in a circularity process

Orientador: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira Ferreira / Banca: Angelita Matos Souza / Banca: Enéas Rente Ferreira / Banca: Lucia Helena Batista Gratão / Banca: João Carlos Geraldo / Resumo: O trabalho consiste em uma investigação, através de um conjunto de imagens referentes ao espaço campestre, sobre a construção conceitual do que denominamos de rural no Brasil. Baseado em uma análise de uma imaginação espacial que se produziu sobre o campo na história brasileira, apontamos os elementos que contribuiram para o entendimento da sua conformação espacial atual. Como resultado, lançamos ideias para um debate sobre a construção do espaço rural como um elemento subalterno ao urbano dentro das dinâmicas dos processos do modo de produção capitalista, sendo esta construção realizada através da imposição de um imaginário espacial organizado, dentro de uma caracterização singular, baseado em uma tríade de elementos ideológicos: a modernidade, a urbanidade e o eurocentrismo. A construção desse imaginário sobre o rural implicando uma ação sobre o espaço, uma imaginação espacial, que continua produzindo um rural conforme colocado, num processo de circularidade / Abstract: The work consists of an investigation, through a set of images for the country space, the historical construction of what we call rural. Thus, by analyzing a spatial imagination that took place on rural in Brazilian history, we point out some elements that can contribute to the understanding of its development and expropriations suffered historically. As a result we launched the ideas to the debate that the countryside was built as a subordinate element within the urban dynamics of the processes of the capitalist mode of production, which is building held by imposing a spatial imaginary organized into a single characterization based in a triad of ideological elements: modernity, urbanity and eurocentrism, with this imaginary on rural implying an action about space, a space imagination, building rural as placed in a circularity process / Doutor

Grass-fed cattle ranching is growing in popularity, but the characteristics and motivations of the ranchers, however, remain undefined. Based in Texas and using a mail survey and interviews with three grass-fed, three organic, and three conventional ranchers to identify some of their distinctive characteristics, this study achieved similar results to those comparing organic and conventional farmers. Grass-fed cattle ranchers tend to have high levels of education, approach ranching as a second career, and possess outside income sources. Motivated as much by ethics as economics, they embrace grass-fed methods primarily because they believe them to be healthiest for animals, humans, and the land. They eschew organic certification primarily because they perceive government regulations to be influenced by large conventional competitors, and they market their beef directly, often locally. Although many hope to expand their herd, most grass-fed cattle ranchers believe they are resisting “conventionalization” and say that they feel more self-sufficient and satisfied thanks to their choices. / text

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript (Carbon copy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-259).