Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-73).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waikato, 2008. / Title from PDF cover (viewed May 5, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-268)

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-159).

Orientador: Jose Euclides Stipp Paterniani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarceloJacominiMoreirada_D.pdf: 4911036 bytes, checksum: 621ab01f5e1f061dd69cb5599e64882b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: presente trabalho estudou a melhoria da qualidade de esgoto sanitário tratado com a utilização de pré-filtração em pedregulho, filtração lenta com e sem carvão ativado, cloração, radiação ultravioleta (UV) e radiação solar em fluxo contínuo (SODIS). A unidade piloto constituía um pré-filtro de pedregulho em camadas com fluxo ascendente cujo efluente é destinado a dois filtros lentos com meio filtrante composto de areia com 40cm de espessura (num dos filtros foi inserida, uma camada de 10cm de espessura de carvão vegetal ativado granulado) e 3 camadas de mantas sintéticas não tecidas instaladas no topo da camada de areia seguindo de desinfecção foi realizada em três sistemas paralelos: cloração com hipoclorito de sódio; radiação UV com reator do tipo tubular e lâmpada bactericida submersa; radiação SODIS em fluxo contínuo. O pré-filtro de pedregulho apresentou eficiência de remoção de sólidos em suspensão, atenuou ainda, os picos de concentração de sólidos em suspensão e turbidez no efluente, garantido ao afluente dos filtros lentos menor variabilidade das suas características qualitativas. Os filtros lentos, com e sem carvão granulado, tiveram comportamentos semelhantes com relação a evolução da perda de carga e os resultados mostraram que a utilização do carvão ativado proporciona melhor remoção das impurezas, avaliadas pelos parâmetros adotados. A desinfecção com radiação UV atingiu eficiência próxima a cloração sendo um processo alternativo com menor risco de formação de produtos carcinogênicos, como os trialometanos. A radiação solar (SODIS) não atingiu valores adequados, uma vez que a temperatura no efluente não chegou à 50ºC, e apresentou problemas relativos à proliferação de algas. Concluiu-se que a utilização de tais tecnologias, além de serem de custo baixo e de simples operação e manutenção, conferem ao efluente melhores características físicas e biológicas, de tal modo que se pode adequar o efluente para o reúso em atividades de irrigação e o lançamento em corpos d'água / Abstract: The current work demonstrates the viability of domestic wastewater quality improvement by the slow filtration preceded roughing filtration and disinfection by ultraviolet and solar radiation. The pilot plant is constituided of two slow sand filters with 40 cm sand layer thickness and 3 layers of synthetic non woven fabrics installed in the top of the sand layer. Besides, in one of the filters there was inserted 10 cm thickness of granulated vegetal coal. The roughing filter presented efficiency of 22.5% in suspended solids removal, and 22.8% in turbidity removal. The slow filter with granulated coal s, had similar behaviors with the slow sand filter with only sand, regard to evolution of the head loss, so the initial average value was 6.2cm and 7.1cm, respectively. The average of the filtration run was of 40days. The results showed that the use of granulated coal better provides removal of the water impurities. The disinfections systems are installed after the filters. The efficiencies of removal in the slow filter with sand and blanket and of the slow filter I only contend sand coal and weaveeed blanket had not been, respectively: 28% and 36% for solids in suspension, 33% and 43% for turbidez, 26% and 39% for apparent color, 57% and 74% for total coliformes and 70% and 73% for E.coli. The chlorination has done with pump whose applies 2mg_-1 NaOHCl. The UV reactor has tubular layout. The SODIS reactor has continuous flow, TDH = 4hours. The use of such technologies was concluded that, beyond being of cost low e of simple operation and maintenance, confers to effluent the better physical and biological characteristics, being possible still to increase this efficiency with the use of granulated coal. The use of any insumo chemical is still standed out not during the treatment of the effluent one, becoming the applicable process in communities whose infrastructure is precarious. The evaluated system if still gives to adjust the water for reúso in activities that do not demand potable quality / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T12:53:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cristiane Silva e Souza - 2016.pdf: 6081152 bytes, checksum: d1da13adb81642c007e53d31fc27c1ca (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T12:54:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cristiane Silva e Souza - 2016.pdf: 6081152 bytes, checksum: d1da13adb81642c007e53d31fc27c1ca (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-09T12:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cristiane Silva e Souza - 2016.pdf: 6081152 bytes, checksum: d1da13adb81642c007e53d31fc27c1ca (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This research aimed to systematization of state and federal forest legislation, in particular that in State of Goiás, with regard to the informations that must be included in the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and presents the contributions of this tool to operationalize the Forest Code and, at the same time, its inconsistencies. The use and occupation of land in State of Goiás should be understood as a determining factor for intensifying landscape artificialization1. In State of Goiás the favorable physical aspects and public policy were determining factors for intensification of land use and increased deforestation. With the publication of law 12.651, on May 25th, 2012, which was designed to protect the native vegetation, the instrument of CAR, became mandatory for all rural properties. This instrument, CAR, is a strategic tool in helping environmental regularization of rural property and whose main objective is monitoring and control of deforestation. The state and federal Forest Codes committed environmental injustices to treat different the small and large landowners, grant amnesty to the owners that have established areas (environmental liabilities that occurred before July 22th, 2008), allow smaller legal reserve areas and permanent preservation to properties with up to four fiscal modules, and broad legalization opportunities in the Environmental Adjustment Program (PRA), in contrast to the defense of the balanced environment. The methodology involves applied research regarding the classification of its nature. Through the prism of how to approach the problem, it is a qualitative and quantitative research. As for the goals, it has an exploratory and explanatory research at the same time. With regard to technical procedures, research is classified as bibliographic and documental. In this research was done an exploratory historical approach and of cartographic base, resulting in a explanatory text, the achievement of interpretations, readings and correlations of images, tables, maps, and other products that will serve as a theoretical framework for future studies on the territorial environmental planning. It was observed that within two years, 2014-2016, were recorded in State of Goiás, 101,943 properties in the CAR, approximately 44% of rural properties in the state. Declarations of areas of permanent preservation, legal reserves and surplus vegetation to environmental servitude totaling 4,117,485 hectares, equivalent to 12.11% of the total area of the state, while 3.63% of its territory is protected in the form of conservation units, without considering the municipal protected areas. Approximately 21,469 of the registered properties recognized a deficit of native vegetation in legal reserve, in which 20.32% have chosen to settle with compensation, 20.07% with replanting and 12.56% with natural regeneration of the vegetation. The artificiality in State of Goiás countryside is evident in the declared registers, since joining the PRA was 43.16% of registered properties. Of the 18,086,334 hectares of declared properties, 3,140,972 hectares are legal reserves, equivalent to 17.37% of the area of the registered properties, so an approximate deficit of 2.63%. 2,438,985 hectares of legal reserve was recorded with remaining native vegetation, since the areas of permanent preservation of registered 976,513 hectares, 611,397 hectares have declared vegetation. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo a sistematização da legislação ambiental florestal federal e goiana, no que diz respeito às informações que devem ser inseridas no Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR) e apresenta as contribuições desta ferramenta para operacionalização do Código Florestal e, ao mesmo tempo, as suas incongruências (legais, operacionais etc). O uso e ocupação das terras no estado de Goiás devem ser entendidos como fatores determinantes para a intensificação da artificialização da paisagem. Em Goiás os aspectos físicos favoráveis e as políticas públicas foram fatores determinantes para intensificação no uso do solo e aumento nos desmatamentos. Com a publicação da Lei 12.651, de 25 de maio de 2012, que dispõe sobre a proteção da vegetação nativa, tornou-se obrigatório para todos os imóveis rurais o CAR, um instrumento estratégico no auxílio da regularização ambiental do imóvel rural e que tem como principal objetivo o monitoramento e o controle de desmatamentos. Os códigos florestais, federal e goiano, cometeram injustiças ambientais ao tratar diferente o pequeno e o grande proprietário, anistiar os proprietários que possuem áreas consolidadas (passivos ambientais ocorridos antes de 22 de julho de 2008), permitir áreas menores de reserva legal e preservação permanente aos imóveis com até quatro módulos fiscais, e amplas possibilidades de legalização no Programa de Regularização Ambiental (PRA), contrapondo-se à defesa do meio ambiente equilibrado. A metodologia utilizada envolve pesquisa aplicada no que tange à classificação quanto à natureza desta. Pelo prisma da forma de abordagem do problema, trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa. Quanto aos objetivos, tem-se uma pesquisa exploratória e ao mesmo tempo explicativa. No que se refere aos procedimentos técnicos, à pesquisa classifica-se como bibliográfica e documental. Na pesquisa é feita uma abordagem histórica exploratória e de base cartográfica, resultando em um texto explicativo, fruto de interpretações, leituras e correlações de imagens, tabelas, mapas entre outros produtos que servirão de referencial teórico para futuros estudos de planejamento ambiental territorial. Observou-se que no prazo de dois anos, de 2014 a 2016, foram registradas em Goiás, 101.943 propriedades e posses no CAR, aproximadamente 44% dos imóveis rurais do estado. As declarações de áreas de preservação permanente, reserva legal e vegetação excedente para fins de servidão ambiental somam 4.117.485 hectares, equivalentes a 12,11% da área total do estado, enquanto que 3,63% do seu território é protegido na forma de unidades de conservação, sem considerar as áreas de proteção municipais. Aproximadamente 21.469 dos imóveis cadastrados reconheceram déficit de vegetação nativa em reserva legal, nos quais 20,32% optaram por regularizar com compensação, 20,07% com recomposição e 12,56% com regeneração natural. A artificialização da paisagem rural goiana ficou evidenciada nos cadastros declarados, pois a adesão ao PRA foi de 43,16% dos imóveis cadastrados. Dos 18.086.334 hectares de imóveis declarados, 3.140.972ha são de reservas legais, equivalentes a 17,37% da área dos imóveis cadastrados, portanto um déficit aproximado de 2.63%. Foram registradas 2.438.985 hectares de reserva legal com remanescente de vegetação nativa, já as áreas de preservação permanente dos 976.513ha cadastrados, 611.397ha possuem vegetação declarada.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Eighty three of Acocks's sites, originally surveyed about 50 years ago, were resurveyed in 1996 to determine the extent of grassland change in the humid grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Sites were relocated using 1:10 000 scale ortho-photos and present land cover was determined for each site. Forty six of the sites that were still under original grassland were further examined to determine present species composition. A survey method was designed that would emulate Acocks's data and comparisons were drawn between original and present species composition. These differences were then analysed together with some environmental variables to try to determine the factors which had the most influence on the change and which environment and management factors are related to the present variation in composition among sites. Of the 83 sites, 26 had changed from natural vegetation to some other form of agriculture such as forestry or cultivation. Most of this change had occurred in the Natal Mistbelt Ngongoni Veld where large areas are forested. Cultivation is found predominantly in the communal areas where subsistence, cultivation practices are employed. The remainder of the sites had changed significantly in terms of their species composition. The most pronounced change had occurred in areas under communal tenure although significant changes had occurred in the commercially farmed areas. The direction of change was also more consistent towards species that commonly predominate in heavily grazed areas in the communal areas compared to the commercial areas. The exact reasons for this were unclear but this could possibly be attributed to heavier stocking rates in the communal areas. Change in floristic composition was also more pronounced at lower altitudes where the mean annual rainfall is lower and the mean annual temperature higher. This could possibly be a result of the vegetation at lower altitudes being less stable and thus less resistant to change. Basal cover differed significantly between commercial and communally grazed sites. Lower basal cover was found in the communal sites where intensive grazing limits the growth of individual tufts. Number of species found at each site did not differ significantly between communal and commercially grazed sites. This study was also a practical implementation of the resurveying of Acocks's sites and the original data set was found to be a useful baseline data set to determine coarse long-term changes in the vegetation. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.