No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

La tesi compie un'analisi sul ruolo della cooperazione nei mercati esteri, focalizzandosi, da un lato, sullo studio dei flussi di export nei settori dell'agroalimentare caratterizzati da una forte presenza cooperativa e, dall'altro, sulle caratteristiche di struttura ed i comportamenti delle imprese cooperative esportatrici e non esportatrici. A tal fine è stata realizzata un'indagine diretta che ha coinvolto un campione di 516 cooperative agroalimentari, delle quali 162 esportatrici e 354 non esportatrici. Sulla base dei risultati dell'indagine è stato possibile analizzare le caratteristiche strutturali ed i comportamenti delle cooperative non esportatrici ed esportatrici, focalizzandosi successivamente sulle modalità  di accesso al mercato estero delle cooperative esportatrici ed infine approfondendo le motivazioni che ostacolano l'export nelle cooperative non esportatrici.

Il problema affrontato nel lavoro riguarda l'allocazione della spesa tra gruppi di beni alimentari (domestici ed extra-domestici) e le modificazioni che tale allocazione ha subito nell’arco dell’ultimo decennio. L’obiettivo principale dell'analisi proposta è, quindi, di spiegare come variazioni della quota di spesa destinata alle componenti del consumo alimentare siano attribuibili a fattori strettamente economici, oltre che alle caratteristiche struttura socio-demografiche dei consumatori. Allo scopo di valutare l’allocazione inter-temporale della spesa individuale viene proposto come schema di analisi il sistema di domanda Almost Ideal di Deaton e Muellbauer (AIDS).

Main objective of the dissertation is to illustrate how social and educational aspects (in close interaction with other multifunctional aspects in organic agriculture) which are developed on different multifunctional organic farms in Italy and Netherlands, as well as established agricultural policy frameworks in these countries, can be compared with the situation in Croatian organics and can contribute to further developent of organic issues in the Repubic of Croatia. So, through different chapters, the dissertation describes the performance of organic agriculture sectors in Italy, Netherlands and Croatia within the national agricultural policy frameworks, it analyzes the role of national institutions and policy in Croatia in connection with Croatia's status of candidate country for enterance into EU and harmonization of legislation with the CAP, as well as analyzes what is the role of national authorities, universities, research centres, but also of private initiatives, NGOs and cooperatives in organic agriculture in Netherlands, Italy and Croatia. Its main part describes how social and educational aspects are interacting with other multifunctional aspects in organic agriculture and analyzes the benefits and contribution of multifunctional activites performed on organic farms to education, healthy nourishment, environment protection and health care. It also assess the strengths and weaknesses of organic agriculture in all researched countries. The dissertation concludes with development opportunities for multifunctional organic agriculture in Croatia, as well as giving perspectives and recommendations for different approaches on the basis of experiences learned from successful EU models accompanied with some personal ideas and proposals.

In the frame of EU rural policy, always more oriented towards environmental concerns and green livelihoods, Romania stands out for the predominance of rural areas and high nature value farming. The country has to face the challenge of joining the modernization process of rural farming systems with the valorization of local assets. Tourism has emerged as one of the main drivers of change and contributors for a sustainable exploitation of local resources. Rural tourism (RT) can foster the enhancement of the territorial capital (TC), the preservation of public goods (PGs) and the promotion of a more environmental oriented livelihood. The research focuses on a case study area, two valleys from Maramureş, where environmental approaches as diversification strategies are partially explored. The work investigates the role of tourism initiatives for the promotion of green oriented practices. The first part of the work is based on a literature review and interdisciplinary analysis of secondary data to identify the key issues: from rural development policy, to the concept of TC, of PGs and RT. The Romanian development programmes and related strategies are investigated; afterwards the characteristics of the County and the role of RT as diversification and valorisation policies is considered. The second part is based on the collection of primary data through interviews to different local stakeholders (farmers owners of rural guesthouses, local administrators, networks and artisans). The main frequencies are analyzed, a cluster analysis is computed to evaluate the similarities within the most representative groups and a comparative analysis is carried out between the two Valleys. The frame of the analysis is based on a set of indicators following the dimensions of the TC, to assess the characteristics of the local stakeholders and to outline the perception about the local PGs and on the adopted strategies to manage the territory. Final considerations are elaborated and few scenarios are outlined, giving relevance to the importance of improving awareness and creating embeddedness among public-private local stakeholders and resources as a tool for a socio-economic and environmental development of the area.

No description available.

The aim of my project is to find operational strategies for increasing the commercial exploitation of fish in Apulia region and to acquire a thorough knowledge of several important aspects of this system order to propose concrete, suitable and appropriate development tools. The plan is to analyze the impact that the socio-economic context has on blue fish systems of fishing and marketing in the various maritime regions. The sector of fishery is typified by a settled downward trend due to both communitarian policies driving towards a reduction of the fishery effort and to reduction of fishing resources. In the same time in Italy a increasing of costs (expecially fuel) and a reduction of market prices, because of the increasing of imports, are observed. Although a big part of Italian fishing fleet is to be referred to Apulia region, this dynamics are worsen, here, also because of market inefficiency and lack of integration and cooperation among fishermen. In this first part of my work I have investigated two areas that are relevant for regional fishery. On a first step I have evaluated fish amount for each kind of dealer working in each one of the two areas than, according to Porter's value chain analysis theory. Than i have applied the approach of value system to evaluate the value chains of the firm's supplier, the firm of fishery itself, and the firms distribution channels. Distribution of value has been resulted different but very unfavorable to fisherman in both investigated areas. The second step of my study has been the evaluation of the social capital value in both areas, defining the networks of fishery consistence and number of their mutual relationship. Results lay stress on a relation to an higher social capital value and a distribution of value system more profitable for fishermen.

Negli ultimi anni, parallelamente all’espansione del settore biologico, si è assistito a un crescente interesse per i modelli alternativi di garanzia dell’integrità e della genuinità dei prodotti biologici. Gruppi di piccoli agricoltori di tutto il mondo hanno iniziato a sviluppare approcci alternativi per affrontare i problemi connessi alla certificazione di terza parte. Queste pratiche sono note come Sistemi di Garanzia Partecipativa (PGS). Tali modelli: (i) si basano sugli standard di certificazione biologica dell’IFOAM, (ii) riguardano il complesso dei produttori di una comunità rurale, (iii) comportano l’inclusione di una grande varietà di attori e (iv) hanno lo scopo di ridurre al minimo burocrazia e costi semplificando le procedure di verifica e incorporando un elemento di educazione ambientale e sociale sia per i produttori sia per i consumatori. Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro di ricerca: • descrivere il funzionamento dei sistemi di garanzia partecipativa; • indicare i vantaggi della loro adozione nei Paesi in via di sviluppo e non; • illustrare il caso della Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia (Brasile); • offrire uno spunto di riflessione che riguarda il consumatore e la relativa fiducia nel modello PGS. L’impianto teorico fa riferimento alla Teoria delle Convenzioni. Sulla base del quadro teorico è stato costruito un questionario per i consumatori con lo scopo di testare l’appropriatezza delle ipotesi teoriche. I risultati finali riguardano la stima del livello di conoscenza attuale, la fiducia e la volontà d’acquisto dei prodotti PGS da parte dei consumatori nelle aree considerate. Sulla base di questa ricerca sarà possibile adattare ed esportare il modello empirico in altri paesi che presentano economie diverse per cercare di comprendere il potenziale campo di applicazione dei sistemi di garanzia partecipativa. / In recent years, parallel to the growth of the organic sector, we witnessed an increasing interest in alternative ways to guarantee the integrity and authenticity of organic food. Groups of smallholders worldwide started implementing alternative approaches to cope with problems associated with third-party certification. These practices are known as Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS). The Participatory Guarantee (i) is based on International Organic Standards issued by IFOAM; (ii) it takes place at the community level; (iii) it involves a wide variety of stakeholders along the supply chain; (iv) it aims to minimize bureaucracy and costs by employing simple verification procedures and incorporating elements of environmental and social education, it improves quality for both producers and consumers. PGS proposal aims to help organic smallholders production and to promote a local food system respecting organic models, biodiversity and a widespread access to organic products. PGS adoption makes organic food affordable even to the poorest consumers mainly through relying upon direct selling and direct trust formation mechanisms. These reduce transaction costs and grant a higher share of added value to farmers. In the thesis is addressed the investigation of PGS through consumers’ behaviour. Its knowledge, indeed, is important in understanding the success and significance of PGS projects. Consumers’ choice has a key role in the comprehension of those factors influencing the success and extent of alternative organic production certification not only in the poorest countries but also in those areas in which third party certification is not affordable to producers. The overall objective concerns the investigation of consumers’ attitude focusing on the level of trust related to non-third party certified products. Afterwards it is analyzed how different levels of consumers’ awareness (participant stakeholder or not) in different areas affects the spending on organic products guaranteed by participatory methods.