Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 465049.pdf: 547577 bytes, checksum: 02db0fc88e9eb27a12b53f67fd845e52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-27 / This study aims at understanding how ethics of The Care of the Self by Socrates would instigate men to self-examination. How did The Care of the Self contribute for improvement of the soul. Socrates everlasting search for self-knowledge by men, consequently achieving virtue knowledge science. Psyche (soul) suffered an enormous transformation in comparison with the concepts of the word before Socrates. However, the main change consisted that the soul was the essence of men, with several consequences, such as search for human interior improvement. For Socrates, soul and body were distinct elements, however are part of unity and not something dual. The subject of the destiny of the soul was a platonic discovery, since Socrates did not have a metaphysical conception of the world, such as Platon suggested. Objectively, Socrates did not have interest in knowing what would be the destiny of the soul, since his ethics was centered in the integral man. The ethics of The Care of the Self made the individual capable, improved to face the major challenges in life. This would happen since he would be innerly capable to his self-examination. Hadot and Foucault studied the concept of epim?leia heauto? and in both there is the link of The Care of the Self with the practice of spiritual exercise. Nietzsche critics the Socratic morality and every form of religiosity. However, Hadot deals with the lovely hate of Nietzsche and Socrates. Also, from Nietzsche comes the nihilism, treated in the last chapter, when the traditional values lose their references; life loses meaning; there is no explanation of why? The present study tries to examine how Socratic ethics may be relevant for contemporary society. / Esta pesquisa visa compreender como a ?tica do Cuidado de Si em S?crates incitava aos homens que se auto-examinassem a si mesmos. Como o cuidado de si contribuiu para que o homem atingisse o aperfei?oamento da alma. A busca incessante de S?crates para que o homem se conhecesse a si mesmo, consequentemente, chegasse ? virtude - conhecimento, ci?ncia. A psyche (alma) sofreu uma enorme transforma??o na compara??o com a conceitua??o do termo antes de S?crates. Entretanto, a principal mudan?a consistia que a alma era a ess?ncia do homem, isto gerava muitas consequ?ncias, como a busca pelo aperfei?oamento do interior humano. Para S?crates, a alma e o corpo eram elementos distintos, com fun??es distintas, mas sempre fizeram parte de unidade e n?o de um dualismo. A quest?o do destino da alma foi uma descoberta plat?nica, visto S?crates n?o uma concep??o metaf?sica de mundo, conforme aquela criada por Plat?o. Objetivamente, S?crates n?o tinha interesse em saber qual seria o destino da alma, pois sua ?tica centrava-se no homem integral. A ?tica do cuidado de si tornava o indiv?duo plenamente preparado para enfrentar os maiores desafios proporcionado pela vida. Pois ele estaria habilitado interiormente devido ao seu autoexame. Hadot e Foucault pesquisaram sobre o conceito de epim?leia heauto? e em ambos existe a vincula??o do cuidado de si com a pr?tica dos exerc?cios espirituais. Nietzsche critica a moralidade socr?tica e toda forma de religiosidade. Mas existe algo trabalhado por Hadot, que ? ?dio amoroso de Nietzsche por S?crates. Tamb?m de Nietzsche vem a quest?o do niilismo tratado no ?ltimo cap?tulo, quando os valores tradicionais perdem os seus referenciais; a vida perde o sentido; n?o se tem uma explica??o do por qu?? Enfim, a pesquisa busca examinar como a ?tica socr?tica pode ser relevante na sociedade contempor?nea.