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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Vitreous cytokine profile after phaco-emulsification and posterior segment chamber lens placement

Begum, Shimul 08 April 2016 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of phacoemulsification and posterior segment chamber lens placement on vitreous inflammatory and neovascular growth factors. More specifically, the effect of immediately preceding cataract surgery was compared to a history of cataract surgery. This study involved a retrospective review and analysis of vitreous samples from a total of twenty seven patients separated into three groups. Group 1, seven patients who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with macular surgery, group 2, fourteen patients who underwent a combined cataracts and pars plana vitrectomy procedure and group 3, six patients with a history of cataract surgery who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy. The twenty seven patients were picked from a pool of 100 patients who all received pars plana vitrectomy at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center with surgeon Dr. Jorge Arroyo. Exclusion factors included active ocular pathologies such as vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. Undiluted vitreous samples from each group were taken before beginning the pars plana vitrectomy. The vitreous samples were analyzed for concentrations of fourteen specific vitreous cytokines and neovascular growth factors including but not limited to TNF Alpha; and SCD40L. These fourteen cytokines and growth factors were chosen through a literature review on the post-surgery ocular inflammatory response. Statistical analysis was done on the average means of the cytokine levels for each group using SPSS 20 for windows. A comparison of means analysis found no significant difference in the means of the fourteen cytokines for group 1 and group 2. A second comparison of means with a pooled control group of both group 1 and group 2 patients versus group 3 was also run. In this analysis, only SCD40L or soluble CD40 ligand was shown to have a significant difference between groups. SCD40L levels were significantly higher (significance level of .038) in group 3, the history of cataract group with a mean of (9.50±4.76) than in the control group with a mean of (5.50±3.35). The findings of this study indicate that the protein SCD40L may play an important role in mediating the inflammatory response seen post cataract surgery and may be useful as a target for novel therapies against the inflammatory response.
2

Untersuchung von Biomarkern bei Patienten mit Anca-assoziierter Vaskulitis. / Zytokine profile in patients with ANCA-vasculitis

Hoffmann, Johanna Charlotte 06 June 2018 (has links)
No description available.
3

L’axe SCD40L/NF-κB/Protéasome est un amorceur des fonctions plaquettaires

El Kadiry, Abed El Hakim 08 1900 (has links)
Les plaquettes sont la principale source de CD40L soluble (sCD40L), une molécule thrombo-inflammatoire dont les taux élevés chez les patients atteints des maladies coronariennes (CAD) prédisent des événements athérothrombotiques. Nous avons déjà démontré que le sCD40L active deux voies de signalisation dans les plaquettes, la p38 MAPK et le facteur nucléaire-κB (NF-κB), non affectées par l’activité antiplaquettaire de l'aspirine (ASA). Nous avons montré aussi que le sCD40L, en réponse à des doses sous-optimales d'agonistes plaquettaires comme la thrombine et le collagène, potentialise l'agrégation des plaquettes via le récepteur CD40 et son effecteur cible présent en aval le NF-κB. En effet, le NF-κB appartient à une famille de dimères cytoplasmiques inactivés par l'inhibiteur IκB et régulés par l’IκB kinase (IKK). Suite à des signaux immunologiques, l’IKK phosphoryle l’IκB, ce qui entraîne sa dégradation par le protéasome. Par conséquent, le NF-κB, une fois libre, se déplace vers les noyaux des cellules immunitaires où il agit sur le génome pour maintenir la survie et la prolifération cellulaires. Contrairement aux cellules immunitaires, la régulation et les fonctions de NF-κB dans les plaquettes, fragments cellulaires dépourvus de génome, sont moins bien comprises. Dans ce projet, nous proposons l'hypothèse que l’axe sCD40L/NF-κB/protéasome amorce les plaquettes en les prédisposant à une activation et une agrégation prononcées. Nos objectifs seront donc (i) d'étudier l'interaction entre le NF-κB et le protéasome en réponse au sCD40L et (ii) d'examiner les rôles de cet axe sur les fonctions plaquettaires. Pour cela, des plaquettes ont été fraîchement isolées à partir du sang des donneurs humains sains qui ne prennent pas des médicaments antiplaquettaires ou anti-inflammatoires. Ces plaquettes ont été par la suite stimulées par le sCD40L. En étudiant l'activation de NF-κB, l'analyse par Western blot a montré que le sCD40L induit la phosphorylation d’IκB et la dégradation de sa forme phosphorylée (p-IκB) dans un délai de 30 minutes, d'une manière similaire à l’action de la thrombine, l’agoniste plaquettaire le plus puissant. Le prétraitement des plaquettes avec deux classes d'inhibiteurs de NF-κB, le répresseur d’IKK (BAY 11-7082) et l’antagoniste du protéasome (MG132), a montré que l'activation du NF-κB dans les plaquettes est régulée par l’IKK et le protéasome, identiquement aux cellules nucléées. L'examen des événements de signalisation induits par le sCD40L a montré que l'inhibition du NF-κB plaquettaire n'affecte pas la phosphorylation de p38 MAPK ou le clivage protéasomique de la Taline-1 qui est impliquée dans le changement de la forme des plaquettes. Concernant les effets sur les fonctions plaquettaires, l'inhibition de NF-κB ou du protéasome n'a pas influencé l'agrégation des plaquettes induite par des doses élevées de collagène ou de thrombine. Cependant, elle a considérablement réduit l'agrégation plaquettaire suite à un amorçage avec le sCD40L, suivie d'une stimulation avec des doses sous-optimales de collagène ou de thrombine. Nous avons également constaté que le sCD40L exacerbe la rétraction des caillots fibrino-plaquettaire formés par de faibles doses de thrombine. Cet effet d'amorçage est régulé par l’axe NF-κB/protéasome. En bref, l’axe sCD40L/NF-κB/protéasome fonctionne de manière non génomique, en amorçant les plaquettes, induisant ainsi la potentialisation de l'agrégation plaquettaire et l'augmentation de la rétraction des caillots fibrino-plaquettaire. Par conséquent, le ciblage de cet axe dans les plaquettes pourrait avoir un rôle thérapeutique chez les patients atteints de CAD et dont les plaquettes ne répondent pas ou sont moins sensibles aux traitements antiplaquettaires conventionnels. / Platelets are the principal source of soluble CD40L (sCD40L), a thrombo-inflammatory molecule whose high levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients predict atherothrombotic events. We have previously demonstrated that sCD40L activates two signaling pathways in platelets, p38 MAPK and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), both of which were unaffected by the anti-platelet activity of aspirin (ASA). We have also shown that sCD40L, in response to suboptimal doses of platelet agonists like thrombin and collagen, potentiates platelet aggregation through CD40 receptor and its downstream effector target NF-κB. Indeed, NF-κB belongs to a family of cytoplasmic dimers that are inactivated by the inhibitor IκB and regulated by IκB kinase (IKK). Following immunological signals, IKK phosphorylates IκB, driving the degradation of its phosphorylated form (p-IκB) by the proteasome. Consequently, NF-κB becomes free to translocate to the nuclei of immune cells where it acts genomically to maintain survival and proliferation. That is the case in immune cells, but in platelets which are devoid of genome, the regulation and functions of NF-κB are less understood. Herein, we hypothesized that sCD40L/NF-κB/proteasome axis primes platelets, predisposing them to pronounced activation and aggregation. We thus aimed to (i) assess the interplay between NF-κB and proteasome in response to sCD40L and (ii) investigate the roles of this axis at the level of platelet functions. For this purpose, platelets were freshly isolated from the blood of healthy human donors who are not on anti-platelet or anti-inflammatory medication and then stimulated with sCD40L. In monitoring the activation of NF-κB, western blot analysis showed that sCD40L induces the phosphorylation of IκB and the degradation of p-IκB during a 30-mins time window, in a similar fashion to the most potent platelet agonist thrombin. The pre-treatment of platelets with two classes of NF-κB inhibitors, an IKK repressor (BAY 11-7082) and a proteasome antagonist (MG132), showed that the activation of platelet NF-κB is regulated by IKK and the proteasome as in nucleated cells. The examination of the functional signaling events induced by sCD40L showed that NF-κB inhibition does not affect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK or the proteasomal cleavage of shape change-involved Talin-1. In functional studies, NF-κB or proteasomal inhibition did not influence the aggregation of platelets induced by high doses of collagen or thrombin; however, it markedly reduced platelet aggregation primed with sCD40L followed by stimulation with sub-optimal doses of collagen or thrombin. We also found that sCD40L exacerbates the retraction of fibrin-platelet clots formed by low doses of thrombin. This priming effect was regulated by NF-κB/proteasome dyad. In brief, sCD40L/NF-κB/proteasome axis primes platelets and functions non-genomically, inducing the potentiation of platelet aggregation and augmenting the retraction of fibrin-platelet clots. Hence, targeting this axis in platelets might have a therapeutic potential in CAD patients whose platelets are not or less responsive to conventional antiplatelet therapies.

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