<p>Energy harvesting is an interesting topic for today since we face running out of energy source, a serious problem in the world. Thermoelectric devices are a good candidate. They can convert heat (i.e. temperature gradient) to electricity. This result leads us to use them to harvest waste heat from engines or in power plants to generate electricity. Moreover, thermoelectric devices also perform cooling by applied voltage to device. This process is clean, which means that no greenhouse gases are emitted during the process. However, the converting efficiency of thermoelectrics are very low compare to a home refrigerator. The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT_m) is a number which defines the converting efficiency of thermoelectric materials and devices. ZT_m is defined by Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. To improve the converting efficiency, nanolaminated materials are good candidate.</p><p> </p><p>This thesis studies TiN/ScN artificial nanolaminates, or superlattices were grown by reactive dc magnetron sputtering from Ti and Sc targets. For TiN/ScN superlattice, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reciprocal space map (RSM) show that we can obtain single crystal TiN/ScN superlattice. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) shows the superlattice films have a rough surface, supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, TiN/ScN superlattices grew by TiN as starting layer has better crystalline quality than ScN as starting layer. The electrical measurement shows that our superlattice films are conductive films.</p><p> </p><p>Ca-Co-O system for inherently nanolaminated materials were grown by reactive rf magnetron sputtering from Ca/Co alloy target. The XRD shows we maybe get the [Ca₂CoO₃]_xCoO₂ phase, so far. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reported that our films have Al conmination. We also discovered unexpected behavior when the film grown at high temperature showed larger thickness instead of thinner, which would have been expected due to possible Ca evaporation. The Ca-Co-O system requires further studies.</p>

Obesity is America’s fastest growing health threat. Although a primary health risk factor, obesity increases the probability of secondary health consequences such as stroke, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Siberian hamsters offer a convenient model to study obesity, as they exhibit a photoperiod-driven reversal of obesity during the fall-winter months (i.e., short-days-SD). SD responses in the Siberian hamster, amongst others, include decreased adiposity and gonadal regression. The duration of the dark period is faithfully transmitted into a neuroendocrine melatonin (MEL) signal; that codes seasonal information. The brain communicates with body fat (white adipose tissue- WAT) via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The central MEL binding sites, however, necessary for the body fat/lipid mobilization responses during SDs are not precisely known, although melatonin receptor (MEL 1aR) mRNA has been co-localized with sympathetic outflow neurons of WAT in several forebrain areas. This dissertation aims to identify and to characterize the contribution of central sites that are important in seasonal responses in Siberian hamsters. Thus, I asked: Which specific brain sites are both sufficient and necessary to stimulate SD-like decreases in body, WAT and testes mass? Furthermore, I tested if SD-induced decreases in body fat mass are accompanied by increased energy expenditure, specifically brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. It is hoped that the identification of brain sites and mechanisms involved in the effortless reversal of obesity in these animals can be applied to treatment opportunities of human obesity.

Energy harvesting is an interesting topic for today since we face running out of energy source, a serious problem in the world. Thermoelectric devices are a good candidate. They can convert heat (i.e. temperature gradient) to electricity. This result leads us to use them to harvest waste heat from engines or in power plants to generate electricity. Moreover, thermoelectric devices also perform cooling by applied voltage to device. This process is clean, which means that no greenhouse gases are emitted during the process. However, the converting efficiency of thermoelectrics are very low compare to a home refrigerator. The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZTm) is a number which defines the converting efficiency of thermoelectric materials and devices. ZTm is defined by Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. To improve the converting efficiency, nanolaminated materials are good candidate.   This thesis studies TiN/ScN artificial nanolaminates, or superlattices were grown by reactive dc magnetron sputtering from Ti and Sc targets. For TiN/ScN superlattice, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reciprocal space map (RSM) show that we can obtain single crystal TiN/ScN superlattice. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) shows the superlattice films have a rough surface, supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, TiN/ScN superlattices grew by TiN as starting layer has better crystalline quality than ScN as starting layer. The electrical measurement shows that our superlattice films are conductive films.   Ca-Co-O system for inherently nanolaminated materials were grown by reactive rf magnetron sputtering from Ca/Co alloy target. The XRD shows we maybe get the [Ca2CoO3]xCoO2 phase, so far. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reported that our films have Al conmination. We also discovered unexpected behavior when the film grown at high temperature showed larger thickness instead of thinner, which would have been expected due to possible Ca evaporation. The Ca-Co-O system requires further studies.

Global warming and developments of alternative energy technologies have become important issues nowadays. Subsequently, the concept of energy harvesting is rising because of its ability of transferring waste energy into usable energy. Thermoelectric devices play a role in this field since there is tremendous waste heat existing in our lives, such as heat from engines, generators, stoves, computers, etc. Thermoelectric devices can extract the waste heat and turn them into electricity. Moreover, the reverse thermoelectric phenomenon has the function of cooling which can be applied to refrigerator or heat dissipation for electronic devices. However, the energy conversion efficiency is still low comparing to other energy technologies. The efficiency is judged by thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), defined by Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. In order to improve ZT, thin film materials are good candidates because of their structural effects on altering ZT.    Ca3Co4O9 thin films grown by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering followed by post-annealing process is studied in this thesis. Structural properties of the films with the evolution of elemental ratio (Ca/Co) of calcium and cobalt have been investigated. For the investigations, three samples having elemental ratio 0.82, 0.72, and 0.66 for sample CCO1, CCO2 and COO3, respectively, have been prepared. Structural properties of the films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) θ-2θ and pole figure analyses. Surface morphology of the films has been investigated by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses. The highly oriented and phase pure epitaxial Ca3Co4O9 thin films were obtained in the end.   Mixing of ScN and CrN to obtain ScxCr1-xN solid solution thin films by DC magnetron sputtering is the other task in this thesis. Growth of ScN and CrN thin films were studied first in order to get the best mixed growth conditions. The phase shifts between ScN (111) and CrN (111) peaks were observed in mixed growth films by XRD θ-2θ measurements, indicating the formation of ScxCr1-xN. Surface morphology of the films were investigated by SEM. The (111)-oriented ScxCr1-xN thin films with decent surface smoothness grown by DC magnetron sputtering at 600 °C in pure nitrogen with bias were developed.

付記する学位プログラム名: 充実した健康長寿社会を築く総合医療開発リーダー育成プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第21718号 / 薬科博第109号 / 新制||薬科||12(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科医薬創成情報科学専攻 / (主査)教授 土居 雅夫, 教授 竹島 浩, 教授 金子 周司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / With explosive growth in the satellite communication market. there is an increasing need for the satellite network service providers to support many satellites with a common Telemetry, Tracking, and Commanding (TT&C) assets. The open bus technology, and Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware and Software components, provides an opportunity to build a common IF and baseband systems that will support many satellites with different frequencies and protocols. However, the high frequency front end components of the ground station such as antenna or HPA can not be common due to different gain and polarization requirements of the various communication bands and frequencies. The system architecture presented in this paper offers such system that is interoperable and reconfigurable in near real-time to support multiple frequency and multiple communication protocols.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第20313号 / 薬科博第82号 / 新制||薬科||9(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科医薬創成情報科学専攻 / (主査)教授 岡村 均, 教授 竹島 浩, 教授 中山 和久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Bien que le SCN 1993 ait été mis en place depuis plus de quinze ans, certains pays ne l'ont toujours pas mis en application, tandis que d'autres affirment l'appliquer sans qu'en réalité il ne le soit parfaitement.Les difficultés de la mise en œuvre du SCN 1993 s'expliquent par plusieurs raisons parmi lesquelles nous pouvons répertorier la disponibilité des sources de données et les bases de données.La Syrie n'a pas adapté le SCN 1993, et les comptes nationaux syriens sont aujourd'hui encore établis selon le SCN 1968.Dans notre recherche, nous avons analysé la qualité des données des comptes nationaux pour réaliser une application complète du SCN 1993 au département des comptes nationaux de Syrie.Ce système n'est certes pas en cours, mais l'application complète donnerait une réelle image de l'économie syrienne. Afin de réaliser cet objectif, et en profitant des expériences que nous offrent les autres pays, il était indispensable d'analyser la qualité des données de la comptabilité nationale produites au sein du département de la comptabilité nationale. Ce travail doit nous permettre de connaître la capacité de la Syrie à répondre aux recommandations du SCN 1993.Le SCN 2008 publié récemment, ne fait qu'approfondir le besoin d'adapter le système syrien au SCN. .Il est essentiel de garder à l'esprit que l'objectif n'est pas d'annoncer avec précipitation appliquer le système, mais il est urgent de produire et d'être capable de faire de vraies données et ainsi d'appliquer sainement le SCN.Cette recherche n'est pas un aboutissement mais se veut au contraire être le point de départ de d'une réflexion approfondie sur la refonte complète de la comptabilité nationale syrienne qui permettra de produire des données saines qui reflètent la réalité économique et permettent d'établir des stratégies économiques et de permettre le développement économique de la Syrie. / Although the SNA 1993 has been established for over fifteen years, some countries have still not yet implemented, while others pretend implementing it, without it being correctly applied.The difficulties in the implementation of the SNA 1993 are explained by a few main reasons among which we can identify the availability of data sources and databases.Syria has still not adopted the SNA 1993, and the Syrian national accounts are still set according to the 1968 SNA.In our research, we analyzed the quality of national accounts data to make a good applicability of the 1993 SNA of national accounts department of Syria.To achieve this goal, and taking advantage of the experiences that other countries offer us, it was necessary to analyze the quality of national accounts data produced in the department of the national accounts.The work should enable us to know our ability to respond to the recommendations of the system 93.The SNA 2008 has recently been published, however, we believe that when we are able to generate sound data, we will also be able to practice any developed system.It is essential to keep in mind that the goal is not to announce has only the implementation of the system. But it is urgent to produce and be able to do real data and to apply reasonably well the SNA.This research is not an end but will instead be the starting point of the national accounts, in order to produce sound data that reflect the reality of the economic in the future, for the establishment of economic strategies and economic development of Syria.

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