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A presente tese consta da criação de traços de sentido e de um grupo de peças composto para este trabalho. Os traços de sentido são utilizados na definição do sentido de materiais composicionais. Há três categorias principais nas quais os traços estão inseridos: traços sonoros, expressivos e estilísticos. Por meio de um conjunto de traços é possível definir questões de sonoridade, conteúdo expressivo e pressupostos estilísticos que estão associados a cada material composicional de cada peça. Este grupo de elementos sonoros, expressivos e estilísticos é o sentido que procuro definir neste trabalho. / This work presents the creation of sense features and a group of musical pieces composed to this work. The sense features have the purpose of defining the sense of compositional materials. There is three categories of sense features: sonorous features, expressive features and stylistic features. It’s possible to define matters of sound, expressive content and stylistic agenda associated to each compositional material in one piece. This group of sonic, expressive and stylistic elements are the sense that I intend to define in this work.

This study aims at revising the Chinese-version Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (Ho, Chik, & Thorson, 2008) using Rasch analysis, and to compare differences between two kinds of data collection¡Xweb-based questionnaire and paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Participants were 634 (sample 1) and 587 (sample 2) undergraduate students respectively for item revision and validation. Sample 2 were grouped into 4 groups to test differences between the two kinds of data collection. Rasch Rating Scale Model analysis was used to assess model-data fit, and MANCOVA was employed to compare the differences between the web-based and paper-and-pencil questionnaires. The results indicated that three dimensions of the revised 18-item scale¡Xhumor production, attitudes towards humor, and coping humor¡Xshowed good model-data fit. All items had no statistically significant differential item functioning in genders (boys and girls) and in ways of testing (the web-based and the paper-and-pencil). Reliabilities for humor production, attitudes towards humor, and coping humor were .89, .81, and .81 respectively. The revised scale was further examined through construct-related validity through general self-efficacy and emotional adaptive ability. Furthermore, only the dimension of attitudes towards humor had a statistically significant difference in ways of testing. Suggestions for future research on developing instrument of sense of humor were proposed.

The first encounter with the ¡§Green Map¡¨ was astonishing because it entailed learning about our environment through caring for the land and the ecosystem. Such a simple tool, and yet it activates a wonderful power and becomes a long and lasting effect. Through the process, the researcher became a promotional instructor and set the research goal as the effects of the ¡§Green Map.¡¨ The literature review on the ¡§Sense of Community¡¨ reveals that most concentrate on dissecting the formation of the sense of community. The researches often look into the various factors that affect the sense of community. The goal of this research was to see the effects of drafting the ¡§Green Map¡¨ on the ¡§sense of community¡¨ through the viewpoint of a ¡§community medium.¡¨ It further compared the different results obtained from a ¡§country-style community¡¨ (the ¡§Zhu-wei Community¡¨) and a ¡§city-style community¡¨ (the ¡§Fu-shan Community¡¨) during the same process of drafting the ¡§Green Map,¡¨ both during and after the process. The sampling masses of this research were the ¡§Zhu-wei Community¡¨ (a country-style community) and the ¡§Fu-shan Community¡¨ (a city-style community). General analyses revealed the differences in the sense of community by pre- and post-tests were more uniform for the residents of the Zhu-wei Community and more diverse for those of the Fu-shan Community. The induced effects after the drafting of the Green Map were evident in ¡§Community Participation,¡¨ ¡§Community Identity,¡¨ and ¡§Neighborhood Interaction¡¨ for the Zhu-wei Community; and were significant in ¡§Community Participation¡¨ and ¡§Community Identity¡¨ for the Fu-shan Community. Post-test feedback revealed clearly that for both Zhu-wei Community and Fu-shan Community, participants all agreed that the drafting of the Green Map affected the sense of community. This is especially true for ¡§Environmental Thinking,¡¨ ¡§Environmental Sustainability,¡¨ ¡§Activity Participation,¡¨ and ¡§Community Identity.¡¨ The results indicated a high degree of change in recognition. In general, the scale of the change is greater in the Zhu-wei Community than in that of the Fu-shan community. This research concluded that the ¡§Green Map¡¨ showed significant impact on the ¡§sense of community.¡¨ The results are beneficial to the current simple and effective way of promotion by using the ¡§Green Map¡¨ as the medium to concentrate the sense of community. It is advised that in order to push policies forward, the training programs on the macro-construction of communities should include promotional courses on the ¡§Green Map¡¨ and to cultivate seed instructors to serve as promotional manpower.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Bibliography: p. 79-81.

Background Every company nowadays needs to use ICT artifacts to cope with the business development. The adoption and use of ICT involves different actors who make sense of ICT in relation to their work environment. This thesis focuses on the relationships between the actors involved in SME’s ICT adoption and their influence upon the process. Purpose          The purpose of this thesis is to explore the interactions between different actors in the SME’s network and analyze how they influence the SMEs ICT adoption process. Method          An embedded single case study strategy was chosen as research strategy, in line with the explorative nature of the purpose. A conceptual framework was created giving structure to the entire research. The empirical data was gathered through observations, one in-depth interview and ten semi-structured interviews. The method used for data analysis had the same qualitative and deductive nature following the areas highlighted by the conceptual framework; the data was summarized condensing meanings around the relationships between actors and the evolution of the sense-making process of ICT adoption, in order to provide answers to the two research questions. Conclusion    The research has shown that the customer and the strategic suppliers as human actors have an important influence on the sense-making process of ICT adoption as well as the non-human actor - the ICT artifact. The actors are influencing the ICT adoption process through series of adaptive processes generated by an inter-organizational sense-making process shaped by the design of the ICT artifact. The study contributes to the body of knowledge through a new construct that enriches the conceptual framework with the findings of the research.

Syftet med studien är att bidra till ökad förståelse av och fördjupad kunskap om taluppfattningens och skriftliga räknemetoders betydelse för hinder i elevers matematikutveckling, särskilt avseende addition och subtraktion, samt undersöka hur lärare arbetar med dessa områden för att förebygga och möta hinder för matematikutveckling. Elevers matematikkunskaper sjunker och på senare år har brister i taluppfattning uppmärksammats som en möjlig orsak. Denna studie med kvalitativ ansats har intervjuer och skriftliga dokument som datainsamlingsmetod. Hur uppfattar nio lärare som undervisar i år 1-6 nödvändiga kunskaper i taluppfattning för att hantera skriftliga räknemetoder i addition och subtraktion och vilka förklaringar till brister lyfter de. Vilka verktyg används för att få kännedom om elevers kunskaper i matematik vad gäller taluppfattning och skriftliga räknemetoder? Av resultatet av studien framkommer att det finns variationer i uppfattningar om nödvändiga kunskaper och undervisning om taluppfattning och skriftliga räknemetoder. Resultaten på Nationella prov vad gäller de båda studerade områdena visar på ett bättre resultat då det gäller taluppfattning jämfört med skriftliga räknemetoder. Detta kan bero på den komplexitet som det sociala samspelet mellan olika strukturer i samhället innebär.

A presente tese consta da criação de traços de sentido e de um grupo de peças composto para este trabalho. Os traços de sentido são utilizados na definição do sentido de materiais composicionais. Há três categorias principais nas quais os traços estão inseridos: traços sonoros, expressivos e estilísticos. Por meio de um conjunto de traços é possível definir questões de sonoridade, conteúdo expressivo e pressupostos estilísticos que estão associados a cada material composicional de cada peça. Este grupo de elementos sonoros, expressivos e estilísticos é o sentido que procuro definir neste trabalho. / This work presents the creation of sense features and a group of musical pieces composed to this work. The sense features have the purpose of defining the sense of compositional materials. There is three categories of sense features: sonorous features, expressive features and stylistic features. It’s possible to define matters of sound, expressive content and stylistic agenda associated to each compositional material in one piece. This group of sonic, expressive and stylistic elements are the sense that I intend to define in this work.

A presente tese consta da criação de traços de sentido e de um grupo de peças composto para este trabalho. Os traços de sentido são utilizados na definição do sentido de materiais composicionais. Há três categorias principais nas quais os traços estão inseridos: traços sonoros, expressivos e estilísticos. Por meio de um conjunto de traços é possível definir questões de sonoridade, conteúdo expressivo e pressupostos estilísticos que estão associados a cada material composicional de cada peça. Este grupo de elementos sonoros, expressivos e estilísticos é o sentido que procuro definir neste trabalho. / This work presents the creation of sense features and a group of musical pieces composed to this work. The sense features have the purpose of defining the sense of compositional materials. There is three categories of sense features: sonorous features, expressive features and stylistic features. It’s possible to define matters of sound, expressive content and stylistic agenda associated to each compositional material in one piece. This group of sonic, expressive and stylistic elements are the sense that I intend to define in this work.

The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence for changes for proprioceptive variables consisting of movement and position sense in participants with glenohumeral musculoskeletal disorders. Five databases were searched until 13th August 2013. Methodological quality was assessed and meta-analyses were performed for active and passive joint reposition sense (AJPS and PJPS) and movement sense, determined with threshold to detection of passive motion (TTDPM). The search yielded 17 studies, four of which were classified as having high methodological quality, seven as moderate and six as low quality. For participants with post-traumatic glenohumeral instability, pooled findings indicate moderate evidence for higher TTDPM for involved shoulders compared to control groups and the contralateral uninvolved side, indicating decreased movement sense. For AJPS and PJPS there was moderate to limited evidence for significant increased errors for involved compared to uninvovled shoulders, but not when compared to the control groups. Limited evidence was found for decreased AJPS acuity for patients with chronic rotator cuff pain and for patients with unspecified shoulder pain compared to healthy controls. Movement sense is most likely to be impaired after shoulder injury involving post-traumatic instability when compared to the contralateral shoulder and to controls, while deficits for AJPS and PJPS are more likely to be evident compared to the contralateral shoulder in participants with glenohumeral musculoskeletal disorders.