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Padrões eletrostaticos em uma superficie de silica : um modelo para o acumulo de cargas eletricas em isolantes / Electrostatic patterning of a silica surface: a new model for charge build-up on a dielectric solidGouveia, Rubia Figueredo 26 July 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Fernando Galembeck / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T15:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Gouveia_RubiaFigueredo_M.pdf: 1322724 bytes, checksum: 354ae5145ed6ce8d69bae986b50bda01 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Atualmente muitas tecnologias importantes são baseadas nos princípios eletrostáticos, como por exemplo, a pintura eletrostática, a reciclagem de termoplásticos e a eletrofotografia. No entanto, mesmo considerando todo o desenvolvimento da eletrostática, ainda existem muitas questões importantes não respondidas, quando se considera a eletrização de materiais isolantes. Na maioria dos casos não se conhece quais são as espécies portadoras de cargas, nem como elas podem ser detectadas e identificadas. Trabalhos anteriores deste laboratório mostraram que os portadores de cargas em látexes são íons simples (K, RSO4, etc). Neste trabalho foram estudados os padrões eletrostáticos criados em uma superfície de sílica, recoberta por um conjunto de eletrodos interdigitados de ouro. As amostras foram preparadas utilizando técnicas microlitográficas e sua superfície foi investigada usando as microscopias de força atômica (AFM) e de varredura de potencial elétrico (SEPM). Foram obtidos padrões eletrostáticos reprodutíveis; a aplicação de uma diferença de potencial elétrico entre os eletrodos produz padrões de potenciais elétricos que desaparecem rapidamente quando os eletrodos são curto-circuitados e aterrados. O tempo de relaxação desses padrões foi de aproximadamente 10 minutos sob umidade de 70% e eles são fortemente influenciados pela umidade relativa da atmosfera, apresentando um tempo de decaimento superior a 1 hora, quando a superfície é exposta a uma umidade relativa de 10%. Os resultados são interpretados usando um modelo simples baseado na quimisorção de espécies presentes na atmosfera acompanhada de reações eletródicas, podendo ser aplicado a outros isolantes. / Abstract: Many current important technologies are based on electrostatic principles, as for instance electrostatic painting, polymer recycling and photocopying. However, even considering its long history, there are still many open questions in the study of electric phenomena in insulators. For instance, how can charge carriers in insulators be detected, identified and quantified? In this laboratory the examination of latexes showed that the charge carriers are K e RSO4 ions. This work describes reproducible electric potential patterns created on silica surfaces, covered with sets of interdigitated parallel gold electrodes by using microlithography techniques. The patterns are detected by concurrent atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electric potential microscopy (SEPM). The images were acquired while electrodes were biased and also after they were all short-circuited and grounded, producing reproducible electrostatic patterns. Characteristic times for pattern formation and relaxation are in the order of 10 minutes at 70% relative humidity and they are strongly influenced by the relative humidity of the atmosphere, showing a relaxation time in the order of 1 hour, when the surface is under 10% RH. The results are interpreted using a model based on the chemisorption of atmospheric water and electrochemical activity at the silica surface. The sum up, this work describes a new approach to the study of the electrification of insulator surfaces that produces reproducible results and can be applied to many other cases. / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Química
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Modeling future range expansion and management strategies for an invasive squirrel speciesGoldstein, Emily A., Butler, Fidelma, Lawton, Colin 18 February 2016 (has links)
Successful management of an invasive
species requires in depth knowledge of the invader, the
invaded ecosystem, and their interactions. The complexity
of the species-system interactions can be
reduced and represented in ecological models for
better comprehension. In this study, a spatially explicit
population model was created using the RAMAS
software package to simulate the past and future
invasion dynamics of the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus
carolinensis) in the fragmented habitat in case study
areas in Ireland. This invasive squirrel species causes
economic damage by bark stripping forest crops and is
associated with the decline of its native congener (S.
vulgaris). Three combinations of demographic and
dispersal parameters, which best matched the distribution
of the species shortly after introduction, were
used to simulate invasion dynamics. Future population
expansion was modeled under scenarios of no control
and two different management strategies: fatal culls
and immunocontraceptive vaccination programmes.
In the absence of control, the grey squirrel range is
predicted to expand to the south and southwest of
Ireland endangering internationally important habitats,
vulnerable forest crops, and the native red
squirrel. The model revealed that region-wide intensive
and coordinated culls would have the greatest
impact on grey squirrel populations. Control strategies
consisting solely of immunocontraceptive vaccines,
often preferred by public interest groups, are predicted
to be less effective. Complete eradication of the grey
squirrel from Ireland is not economically feasible and
strategic evidence-based management is required to
limit further range expansion. Ecological models can
be used to choose between informed management
strategies based on predicted outcomes.
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SEDIMENT 2011 Sediments: Archives of the Earth System11 July 2011 (has links) (PDF)
This volume comprises ninety-one contributions to the Sediment 2011 conference of the Central European section of the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM-CES) and the Geologische Vereinigung (GV) at the University of Leipzig held in June 2011. The central theme of this meeting was “Sediments: Archives of the Earth System” in order to bring together young and established researchers from all fields of soft-rock geology and beyond to shape a stimulating interdisciplinary program on the role of sediments in understanding the System Earth and the evolution of paleoenvironments and climate through time.
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SEDIMENT 2011 Sediments: Archives of the Earth System: SEDIMENT 2011Sediments: Archives of the Earth SystemBornemann, André, Brachert, Thomas C., Ehrmann, Werner January 2011 (has links)
This volume comprises ninety-one contributions to the Sediment 2011 conference of the Central European section of the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM-CES) and the Geologische Vereinigung (GV) at the University of Leipzig held in June 2011. The central theme of this meeting was “Sediments: Archives of the Earth System” in order to bring together young and established researchers from all fields of soft-rock geology and beyond to shape a stimulating interdisciplinary program on the role of sediments in understanding the System Earth and the evolution of paleoenvironments and climate through time.
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Modelling forest landscape dynamics in Glen Affric, northern ScotlandHope, Joseph C. E. January 2003 (has links)
Consideration of forest management at the landscape scale is essential if commitments to the conservation of biodiversity are to be upheld. The ecosystem management approach, developed largely in North America, has made use of various landscape modelling tools to assist in planning for biodiversity maintenance and ecological restoration. The roles of habitat suitability models, metapopulation models, spatially explicit population models (SEPMs) and forest landscape dynamics models (FLDMs) in the planning process are discussed and a review of forest dynamics models is presented. Potential is identified for developing landscape models in the UK for both landscape restoration projects and semi-natural woodland management. Glen Affric, in northern Scotland contains a large area of native pine and birch woodland and is the subject of a long-term restoration project. A new model, GALDR (Glen Affric Landscape Dynamics Reconstruction) is introduced and is believed to be the first FLDM developed for British woodland. The theory behind the model is described in detail and preliminary results and sensitivity analyses are presented. Furthermore, GALAM (Glen Affric Lichen Abundance Model), a new SEPM for the rare epiphytic lichen Bryoria furcellata is also described. Results of simulations from the linked GALDR and GALAM models are presented which shed light on the role of landscape heterogeneity in determining the dynamics of lichen habitats and populations. It is concluded that, whilst much work will be required to develop a management-oriented decision support system from the GALDR model, the modelling process may aid researchers in the identification of knowledge gaps in ecological theory relevant to management and restoration.
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