Theoretical part PhD thesis describes bending of sheets especially with a small bend radius and the distribution of deformation and describes the parameters of bent sheet. As the test sheets were treated by cataphoretic coating is this method described together with pretreatment of sheet. The practical part is focused on the principle multi-jet plasma system and treatment of the steel surface and examines the bent surfaces of the steel sheets with different variants of applying the coating. Selected samples are bent on the multifunction graduated bending jig and subjected to the Erichsen test and deduced results using plasma system and without the use of plasma system. In the experimental part were examined samples treated by multi-jet plasma system and subsequently bent on the multifunction graduated bending jig. Compares the results of individual experiments in system steel – base coat – plasma – topcoat. And also compares mutual combinations of various kinds of modifying the surfaces of steel samples with different coatings. Selected samples were tested for tensile test and the results were processed from this test. For selected samples was calculated hardening exponent. Another experiment consists in applying a circle at equal samples and subsequently the samples were bent under a defined radius and were determined tensile and compressive deformation. Samples of sheets were then embedded in the resin and then examined under a microscope, where they were divided into several categories and was determined optimal composition multi-jet plasma system for selected samples and the specific coatings on sheet plate with a maximum adhesion of the coating to the steel base. Selected measured values were subjected statistical control.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Martins.pdf: 1227267 bytes, checksum: e83d12cae47e333cd98b1d457030295a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-16 / The main purpose of this master s dissertation is to apply the economic/financial analysis techniques to consecutive balance sheets and income statements of commercial and multiple banks in the Brazilian financial system, in constant currency, and to analyze the results obtained. In order to achieve that main purpose, we realized a conceptual and theoretical review of the financial intermediation system, especially the components financial markets and institutions and the interest rates and their term structures and yield curves. We also effected a review of the account plan for the Brazilian financial system institutions, with special emphasis on the general accounting standards, list of accounts and their functions and basic structures of published balance sheets and income statements. In addition, we reviewed management concepts and practices applied to financial institutions as well as economic/financial analysis indicators adapted to financial statements of financial institutions. Although focused on an academic research where we recorded the views of some authors on the main concepts, restrictions and techniques related to the subject, we also expressed our own opinion in some situations based on personal experience acquired in specific segments of the Brazilian financial system over time. In the empirical testing we applied the methods of horizontal and vertical analysis of balance sheets, economic/financial indices and value-added indicators to the balance sheets and income statements of six major commercial and multiple banks in the Brazilian financial system for the fiscal year of 2004 and 2005, in 2005 purchasing power. The trial reveals that the analysis of financial institutions in the Brazilian financial system conducted on the published financial statements is effective, despite the limited information contained on the annual abridged accounting reports / O objetivo geral desta dissertação de mestrado é aplicar as técnicas de análise econômico-financeira a balanços patrimoniais e demonstrações de resultados consecutivos de bancos comerciais e múltiplos do sistema financeiro nacional, em moeda constante, e analisar os resultados procedentes. Para atingir o objetivo geral da dissertação, realizamos uma revisão conceitual e teórica do sistema de intermediação financeira, com destaque aos mercados e instituições financeiras componentes e às taxas de juros e suas estruturas temporais e curvas de rendimento. Procedemos, também, a uma revisão do plano contábil das instituições do sistema financeiro nacional, com ênfase às normas gerais de contabilidade, elenco e função das contas e estruturas dos balanços e das demonstrações de resultados sintéticos de divulgação. Realizamos, ainda, uma revisão dos conceitos e práticas de gestão aplicada a instituições financeiras e, bem assim, dos indicadores de análise econômico-financeira adaptados às demonstrações contábeis de instituições financeiras. Embora focalizados numa pesquisa de natureza acadêmica, na qual registramos os pontos de vista de alguns autores sobre os principais conceitos, restrições e técnicas relacionadas ao assunto, exteriorizamos, ainda, em algumas situações, nossa própria opinião, baseada na experiência pessoal adquirida em segmentos específicos do sistema financeiro nacional, ao longo do tempo. Na verificação empírica, aplicamos os métodos de análise horizontal e vertical de balanços, os índices econômico-financeiros e os indicadores de valor agregado aos balanços patrimoniais e demonstrações de resultados de seis grandes bancos comerciais e múltiplos do sistema financeiro nacional, nos exercícios sociais de 2004 e 2005, em moeda de 2005. O teste experimental constata que a análise de instituições financeiras do sistema financeiro nacional, realizada a partir dos demonstrativos contábeis de publicação é eficaz, não obstante as limitações de informações inerentes aos relatórios contábeis sintéticos em geral

Wu, Kin Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 槪要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Outline of the Proposed Design --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Purposes of the Present Study --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background and Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Electrocardiogram --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Conventional ECG Measurement --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Heart Rate --- p.8 / Chapter 2.4 --- Heart Rate Variability --- p.9 / Chapter 2.5 --- Capacitive Sensing --- p.11 / Chapter 2.6 --- Review of ECG Monitoring System by Capacitive Sensing On a Sleeping Bed --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- System Design and Implementation --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- Hardware --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Bedsheet Sensor --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Pre-amplifier --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Measuring Device --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Power Supply & PCB Layout --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Software --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Detection of R Waves --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Tracking of HR & Mean RR Intervals --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Estimation of Signal-to-Noise Ratios --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Preliminary Tests on the Functionality of the Proposed System --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1 --- Test I - Test on the Arrangement of Electrodes --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Methods --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Results --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Test II - Test on the ECG Measurement of Subjects in Different Sleeping Postures --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Methods --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Experiments on the Performance of Continuous Monitoring of ECG and HR --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1 --- Experiment I - Experiment on the Reliability of the Proposed System for Continuous Monitoring of ECG and HR on Thirty Subjects --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Methods --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Results --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experiment II - Experiment on the Feasibility of the Proposed System for Continuous Monitoring of ECG and HR on a Subject During an Eight-hour Sleep --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Materials --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Methods --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Results --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussions --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1 --- Selection of the Passband of the Proposed Circuit --- p.81 / Chapter 6.2 --- Arrangement of Electrodes on the Bedsheet --- p.82 / Chapter 6.3 --- Practical Design of Electrodes --- p.83 / Chapter 6.4 --- Performance of Continuous Monitoring of HR by Using the Proposed System --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.86 / References --- p.88

I examine how two different realizations of bed morphology affect Thwaites Glacier response to ocean warming through the initiation of marine ice sheet instability and associated grounding line retreat. A state of the art numerical ice sheet model is used for this purpose. The bed configurations used are the 1-km resolution interpolated BEDMAP2 bed and a higher-resolution conditional simulation produced by John Goff at the University of Texas using the same underlying data. The model is forced using a slow ramp approach, where melt of ice on the floating side of the grounding line is increased over time, which gently nudges the glacier toward instability. Once an instability is initiated, the anomalous forcing is turned off, and further grounding line retreat is tracked. Two model experiments are conducted. The first experiment examines the effect of different anomalous forcing magnitudes over the same bed. The second experiment compares the generation and progress of instabilities over different beds. Two fundamental conclusions emerge from these experiments. First, different bed geometries require different ocean forcings to generate a genuine instability, where ice dynamics lead to a positive feedback and grounding line retreat becomes unstable. Second, slightly different forcings produce different retreat rates, even after the anomalous forcing is shut off, because different forcing magnitudes produce different driving stresses at the time the instability is initiated. While variability in the retreat rate over time depends on bed topography, the rate itself is set by the magnitude of the forcing. This signals the importance of correct knowledge of both bed shape and ocean circulation under floating portions of Antarctic ice sheets. The experiments also imply that different ocean warming rates delivered by different global warming scenarios directly affects the rate of Antarctic contribution to sea level rise.

No description available.

This thesis presents a study about the determination of the stress intensity factors in cracked sheets with riveted stiffeners. Stress intensity factors are determined with both analytical method and finite element method for different combination of rivet/stringer spacing and stringer to sheet stiffness ratio. Analytical part of the thesis is a replication of the original study of Poe which assumes rigid rivet connections with no stringer offset. In the analytical part, the whole systems of equations of Poe are re-derived, and it is shown that there are two typographical errors in the expressions for the calculation of the influence coefficients of the cracked sheet and the stringer. Major objective of the analytical part is to develop a computer code which calculates the variation of the normalized stress intensity factor with the crack length for any combination of rivet/stringer spacing and stringer to sheet stiffness ratio. Analytical part of the study also covers the effect of broken stiffener on the stress intensity factor of the cracked sheet. The stress intensity factors of stiffened cracked sheets are calculated by the finite element method by incorporating fastener flexibility and stringer offset. Finite element solutions are performed by Franc2D/L and Abaqus, and comparisons are made. The effect of geometry, fastener flexibility, and stringer offset on the stress intensity factors are studied by presenting normalized stress intensity factor versus crack length curves. Finally, as a case study a sample damage tolerant stiffened panel is designed according to FAR 25 safety criteria. Experiments are performed for determining mechanical and crack growth properties of Al 2124 which is used as the material in the case study. Present study showed that the most significant effect on the stress intensity factor is seen when stringer-cracked sheet offset is included in the analysis model.

Projecting the ice sheets' contribution to sea-level rise is difficult because of the complexity of accurately modeling ice sheet dynamics for the full polar ice sheets, because of the uncertainty in key, unobservable parameters governing those dynamics, and because quantifying the uncertainty in projections is necessary when determining the confidence to place in them. This work presents the formulation and solution of the Bayesian inverse problem of inferring, from observations, a probability distribution for the basal sliding parameter field beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. The basal sliding parameter is used within a high-fidelity nonlinear Stokes model of ice sheet dynamics. This model maps the parameters "forward" onto a velocity field that is compared against observations. Due to the continental-scale of the model, both the parameter field and the state variables of the forward problem have a large number of degrees of freedom: we consider discretizations in which the parameter has more than 1 million degrees of freedom. The Bayesian inverse problem is thus to characterize an implicitly defined distribution in a high-dimensional space. This is a computationally demanding problem that requires scalable and efficient numerical methods be used throughout: in discretizing the forward model; in solving the resulting nonlinear equations; in solving the Bayesian inverse problem; and in propagating the uncertainty encoded in the posterior distribution of the inverse problem forward onto important quantities of interest. To address discretization, a hybrid parallel adaptive mesh refinement format is designed and implemented for ice sheets that is suited to the large width-to-height aspect ratios of the polar ice sheets. An efficient solver for the nonlinear Stokes equations is designed for high-order, stable, mixed finite-element discretizations on these adaptively refined meshes. A Gaussian approximation of the posterior distribution of parameters is defined, whose mean and covariance can be efficiently and scalably computed using adjoint-based methods from PDE-constrained optimization. Using a low-rank approximation of the covariance of this distribution, the covariance of the parameter is pushed forward onto quantities of interest.

Geomorphological evidence of glaciations exist for the Last Glacial Maximum (about 20 kyr ago). At this time, both North America and Eurasia were covered by extensive ice sheets which are both absent today. However, the temporal and spatial evolution of the ice sheets from the previous interglacial up to the fully-glaciated conditions at LGM is still unresolved and remains a vexing question in climate dynamics. The evolution of ice sheets is essentially controlled by the prevailing climate conditions. On glacial time-scales, the climate is shaped the by the orbital variations of the Earth, but also by internal feedbacks within the climate system. In particular, the ice sheets themselves have the potential to change the climate within they evolve. This thesis focuses on the interactions between ice sheets and the time-mean atmospheric circulation (stationary waves). It is studied how the stationary waves, which are forced by the ice-sheet topography, influence ice-sheet evolution through changing the near-surface air temperature. In this thesis, it is shown that the degree of linearity of the atmospheric response controls to what extent the stationary waves can reorganise the structure of ice sheet. Provided that the response is linear, the stationary waves constitute a leading-order feedback, which serves to increase the volume and deform the shape of ice sheets. If the stationary-wave response to ice-sheet topography is nonlinear in character, the impact on the ice-sheet evolution tends to be weak. However, it is further shown that the amplitude of the nonlinear topographical response, and hence its effect on the ice-sheet evolution, can be significantly enhanced if thermal cooling over the ice sheets is taken into account. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted.

No description available.

Este trabalho usa o método de determinação do coeficiente de atrito com a utilização das equações de Panknin e do ensaio de Dobramento sob Tensão (DST) para determinar o coeficiente de atrito pelas equações de Panknin foi determinada a força máxima de estampagem de copos cilíndricos dos três materiais, aço inox austenítico AISI 304, aço inox ferrítico AISI 430 e aço de baixo teor de carbono EEP, com uso de quatro lubrificantes. O valor da força máxima de estampagem foi substituída nas equações de Panknin e calculados os coeficientes de atrito. Para o ensaio de Dobramento sob Tensão foram estudadas várias equações que serviram de referência para o cálculo do coeficiente de atrito: Equação das Polias, Equação das Polias Sem Dobramento, Equação das Polias Sem Dobramento considerando os Fatores Geométricos (raio do pino e espessura da chapa), Equação de Wilson, Equação de Sniekers e Equação de Andreasen. Essas equações foram utilizadas para determinar o coeficiente de atrito com a utilização de dois lubrificantes. Os materiais de estudo foram o aço de baixo teor de carbono (EEP), aço inoxidável austenítico (AISI 304) e aço inoxidável ferrítico (AISI 430). A escolha desses materiais foi justificada pela grande quantidade de produtos estampados com esses materiais. No ensaio de DST foram utilizados corpos de prova cortados a 0°, 45° e 90° em relação à direção de laminação da chapa metálica. Nos ensaios de Dobramento sob Tensão utilizou-se uma pressão constante e uma velocidade também constante. Os resultados do coeficiente de atrito calculados pelas equações do ensaio de DST foram comparados com os resultados dos coeficientes de atrito calculados pelas equações de Panknin para validação ou não do uso das equações de Panknin para determinar o coeficiente de atrito e de referência do coeficiente de atrito destes materiais pelo Ensaio de Dobramento Sob Tensão. / This paper uses two methods for calculation of the coefficient of friction efficient, using Panknin equations and the Bending under Tension test (DST). To determine the coefficient of friction with the Panknin equations, maximum stamping strength on cylindrical cups of three materials using four lubricants was calculated. The value of maximum stamping strength was replaced in the Panknin equations to calculate the fiction coefficient. For the Bending under Tension test various equations were studied which served as reference to calculate the friction coefficient: Equation of Sheaves, Equation of Sheaves without Bending, Equation of Sheaves without Bending considering the geometric factors (radius of the pin and plate thickness), Wilson Equation, Sniekers Equation and Andreasen Equation. These equations were used to determine the friction coefficient with the use of two lubricants. The studied materials were low carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and ferritic stainless steel (AISI 430). The choice of these materials was justified by the large amount of stamped products with such materials. The Bending under Tension test was performed with specimens cut at 0°, 45° and 90° to the rolling direction of the metal sheet. The tests were made under constant pressure and constant speed. The results of friction the coefficient calculated by equations of the DST test were compared to the results of the coefficients of friction calculated by Panknin equations.