Scania är en välkänd tillverkare av tunga lastfordon och bussar. De profilerar sig som det presigefyllda valet med hög teknologinivå. För att kunna leda utvecklingen av nya funktioner och motorer måste många tester av alla system i dessa fordon göras. Till detta används provceller speciellt ordnade för specifika lastbilskomponenter och många av dessa komponenter behöver en yttre kylning under drift varför flera av provcellerna har reglerade kylsystem. Vid uppgradering av kylsystem eller nybyggnation av provceller med kylsystem finns en önskan att kunna simulera och göra tester av kylsystemet innan det faktiska kylsystemet finns på plats, för att säkerställa prestandan innan någon investering görs. Detta examensarbete går ut på att genom att skapa vissa basmodeller för komponenter i kylsystem, möjliggöra simulering av godtyckliga kylsystem för utvärdering av olika reglerstrategier, designer och deras prestanda. Vid framtagning av modellerna användes mestadels fysikalisk modellering men även rent praktiska modeller för att fylla en funktion existerar. Det resulterande modellbiblioteket klarar av att visa dynamiska effekter mycket bra men dess statiska träffsäkerhet är inte lika exakt. Dynamiken är dock det viktiga och svårt att få fram på andra sätt, varför modellbiblioteket kan vara användbart vid bedömningar om reglerstrategier och prestanda. / Scania is a wellknown manufacturer of heavy transport vehicles such as trucks and buses. Their profile is to be the prestigeous choice with a high level of technology. To maintain the leading position in development of new functionality and engines, substantial testing is nessecary. This is accomplished by using testbeds specialized for different components and purposes. Many of these components need external cooling during operation which is why a cooling system is present in a large number of testbeds. When new testbeds are to be constructed or an old cooling system is to be redesigned, there is a desire to be able to simulate and run tests of the cooling system before the actual cooling system is in place, to make sure performance is at a high enough level, before any investment is made. The task in this master thesis is to construct, in a matlab and simulink environment, a set of base models for cooling system components. With this set, arbitrary cooling systems can be constructed and simulated to evaluate different designes, control strategies and performance. Physical modelling was the most common method when constucting the base models though some models have a pure practical function. The resulting model library is able to, when put together to a complete cooling system, show dynamic behaviour correctly but static accuracy is a bit off. When judging a new control strategy, dynamic behaviour is the most important aspect, and also the most difficult to get elsewhere, which is why the model library can still be very useful.

Modeling and simulation is growing ever more important in the development of new products. This thesis describes the use of Hopsan for hydraulic modeling and its use in conjunction with Simulink with the intent of using the model in a hardware-in-the-loop setup. A sensor layer has been created in Simulink to emulate all the internal sensors in a modern forklift. The details of using legacy C-code instead of a hardware MCU for a fully simulated environment, software-in-the-loop has been outlined. There are two major routes one can follow implementing software-in-the-loop, exporting the C-functions to CAPL via a export layer or creating an s-function in Simulink. Of the two the export layer method is the most promising since it is easier handling different execution times in CAPL than in Simulink.

As the global economy strives towards clean energy in the face of climate change, the automotive industry is researching into improving the efficiency of automobiles. Hybrid vehicle systems were proposed and have demonstrated the capability of reducing fuel consumption while maintaining vehicle performance. Various hybrid vehicles in the form of parallel and series hybrid have been produced by difference vehicle manufacturers. The purpose of this thesis is to create a hybrid vehicle model in MATLAB and ADAMS to demonstrate its fuel economy improvement over a conventional vehicle system. The hybrid vehicle model utilizes the Honda IMA (Integrated Motor Assist) architecture, where the electric motor acts as a supplement to the engine torque. The motor unit also acts as a generator during regenerative braking to recover the otherwise lost kinetic energy. The powertrain components’ power output calculation and the control logic were modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, while the mechanical inertial components were modeled in ADAMS. The model utilizes a driver input simulation, where the driver control module compares the actual and desired speeds, and applies a throttle or a braking percent to the powertrain components, which in turns applies the driving or the braking torque to the wheels. Communication between MATLAB and ADAMS was established by ADAMS/Controls. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the MATLAB/ADAMS hybrid vehicle model, simulation results were compared to the published data of ADVISOR. The West Virginia University 5 Peaks drive cycle was used to compare the two software models. The results obtained from MATLAB/ADAMS and ADVISOR for the engine and motor/generator correlated well. Minor discrepancies existed, but were deemed insignificant. This validates the MATLAB/ADAMS hybrid vehicle model against the published results of ADVISOR. Fuel economy of hybrid and conventional vehicle models were compared using the EPA New York City Cycle (NYCC) and the Highway Fuel Economy Cycle (HWFET). The hybrid vehicle demonstrated 8.9% and 14.3% fuel economy improvement over the conventional vehicle model for the NYCC and HWFET drive cycles, respectively. In addition, the motor consumed 83.6kJ of electrical energy during the assist mode while regenerative braking recovered 105.5kJ of electrical energy during city driving. For the highway drive cycle, the motor consumed 213.6kJ of electrical energy during the assist mode while the regenerative braking recovered 172.0kJ of energy. The MATLAB/ADAMS vehicle model offers a simulation platform that is modular, flexible, and can be conveniently modified to create different types of vehicle models. In addition, the simulation results clearly demonstrated the fuel economy advantage of the hybrid vehicle over the conventional vehicle model. It is recommended that a more sophisticated power management algorithm be implemented in the model to optimize the efficiencies of the engine and the motor/generator. Furthermore, it is suggested that the ADAMS vehicle model be validated against an actual vehicle, in order to fully utilize the multi-body vehicle dynamics capability which ADAMS has to offer.

The main goal of this thesis is to create a continuous phase modulated radio system with a recursive least square equalizer. The two tested channel models are typical urban and rural area. The result of the performance of this radio system is displayed in Matlab plots as the bit error rate. Three error rates are displayed; with error correction, without error correction and the rate of received incorrect message bursts. Conclusions are also drawn of the performance of the radio system in kbit/sec of bandwidth when the different channel models are used. The performance is also divided into how the equalizer handles inter symbol interference or a fading channel without inter symbol interference. / I detta examensarbete har ett fasmodulerat radiosystem simulerats, fokusering ligger på kanalutjämnare som är av typen recursive least square (RLS). RLS utjämnaren har testats med två olika gsm kanalmodeler, dels typical urban som simulerar radioförbindelser i stadsmiljö den andra modellen är rural area där sändare och mottagare kan se varandra. Tre olika resultat presenteras; med felrättande koder, utan felrättande koder och mängden icke korrekta datapaket. Slutsatser dras om radiosystemets bandbredd när de olika kanalmodellerna används vid olika brusmängd. Även utjämnarens förmåga att hantera inter-symbol interference och fading utvärderas också.

A proposed hybrid electric marine vehicle was modeled in MATLAB Simulink and SimPowerSystems. Models for each of the individual propulsion components were developed and incorporated into a complete hybrid electric propulsion model. A vessel resistance model was created to support vessel performance and energy requirement evaluation. The model incorporates data based on the ship principal parameters and hull form. A rule-based supervisory controller for the proposed vessel was constructed. It is an amalgamation of control strategies of three vehicle architectures: electric vehicle, fuel cell electric vehicle, and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The complete model of the hybrid electric propulsion, control, and resistance subsystems was simulated on a dSPACE hardware-in-the-loop platform. For each simulation, the energy storage system (ESS) state of charge, station keeping/cruising mode, HEV assist, Beaufort number, current speed, true wind angle, and hotel load were specified. From the simulations, it was demonstrated that using a 30% ESS assisted HEV mode results in reduced emissions and fuel consumption as compared to a conventional vessel powertrain mode, supporting the case for plug-in hybrid electric vessels. A larger capacity ESS has the potential to reduce emissions and fuel consumption further, depending on ship usage. The basic rule-based supervisory controller proved functional for facilitating adequate power flows; however, further development is needed to improve efficiency and the mode selection process. / Graduate / 0548

En stor del av samhällets miljöpåverkan har ursprung hos bostaden, p.g.a. ineffektiva byggnader/energisystem och de boendes attityd mot energianvändningen. PEF är en förkortning för primärenergifaktor, vilket berättar hur mycket primära energiresurser som används för en källa. Examensarbetet undersökte uppvärmningssystem kombinerat med värmelagringssystem till en villa, med fokusering att finna den högsta verkningsgraden av primärenergianvändning samt uppfylla komforttemperatur och varmvattenbehov. Syftet med arbetet var att utöka kunskapen om bostäders uppvärmning integrerad med värmelagring, för att kunna minska användningen av primärenergi till framtida byggnader. Målet med arbetet var att besvara två frågeställningar:   Frågeställning 1: Vilken systemlösning ger den högsta verkningsgraden av primärenergianvändning och samtidigt uppfyller värmebehovet? Frågeställning 2: Hur mycket reducering av miljöpåverkan ger det optimerade systemet jämfört med en vanlig villas uppvärmningssystem?  De studerande uppvärmningssystemen var solfångare och värmepump. Värmelagringssystemen var fasomvandlingsmaterial, ackumulatortank och borrhålslagring. En vanlig villas uppvärmningssystem bestämdes till en luftvärmepump, en mindre ackumulatortank och ett kompletterande el-element.   Arbetet genomfördes i en litteraturstudie där information hämtades via akademiska böcker, vetenskapliga rapporter, myndigheter och lämpliga webbplatser. För att besvara frågeställningarna byggdes en teoretisk beräkningsmodell i Simulink.  Resultatet av undersökningen redovisade att systemkombinationen solfångare, ackumulatortank (med el-patron) och fasomvandlingsmaterial gav den högsta verkningsgraden av primärenergianvändning. Med en beslutsamhet att systemlösningen kan tillämpas på alla geografiska platser där uppvärmningsbehov förekommer och solinstrålningen är minst lika hög som Mellansverige, övrig geografi bör också tillämpa ackumulatortank och fasomvandlingsmaterial, men ersätta solfångaren. / A large part of society's environmental impact originates from the housing, due to inefficient buildings/energy systems and the attitude of the residents energy use. PEF is an abbreviation for primary energy factor, which tells you how much primary energy resources are used for a source. This degree project investigated heating systems combined with heat storage system for a villa, focusing on finding the highest efficiency of primary energy and simultaneously fulfill comfort temperature and hot water needs. The purpose of the work was to expand the knowledge of heating systems integrated with heat storage, in order to reduce the use of primary energy for future buildings. The aim of the work was to answer two questions: Question 1: Which system solution gives the highest efficiency of primary energy use and simultaneously satisfy the heating needs? Question 2: How much reduction of environmental impact provides the optimized system compared to a standard villa heating system?  The investigative heating systems were solar collectors and heat pumps. The heat storage systems were phase change materials, storage tank and borehole storage. A common villa heating system was determined as an air heat pump, a smaller storage tank and a supplementary electrical element.  The work was conducted in a literature study where information was obtained through academic books, scientific reports, authorities and appropriate websites. To answer the questions a theoretical calculation model was built in Simulink.  The result showed that the system combination solar collector, storage tank (with electric cartridge) and phase change materials gave the highest efficiency of primary energy use. With determination the system solution can be applied to all geographic locations where heating needs are present and solar radiation is at least as high as Central Sweden, other geography should also apply storage tank and phase change materials, but replace the solar collector.

This Diploma thesis describes the procedure of setting the parameters of communication blocks and functions in PLC and PC, so that it is possible to remotely control part of the production process. TCP / IP protocol is used for communication between devices. Part of the production technology is represented by the created 3D model, which serves for three-dimensional interpretation of the simulation of the mathematical model of this part of the process. Part of this work is the design of this model and description of its dynamics.

The main goal is the programming scene MATLAB/Simulink creation of graphic user interface (GUI), which allows the simulation of mobile robots movement. The work covers two types of these robots – first one is the robot with differentially controlled truck and second one auto robot (car-like robot). As a part of this draft GUI, there are also possibilities of showing all trajectory or only actual position, selection of step after which the robot can delineate and possibility of layout between the positions by using the button back and forwards.

Thesis deals with problems PLC (Power Line Communication) communication. It is aimed at drawing up a suitable model for testing power network PLC communication. The reader is aware of at the beginning of work with the basic principles of PLC systems, distribution and use in communication networks. Another part of the work deals with different types of interference, which occur in power networks and ways to defend against such interference. For example, an appropriate choice of modulation and coding relevant. As a source of interference in the proposed model is used AWGN channel (Additive White Gaussian Noise). Conclusion of work is dedicated to design and build a model for PLC communication. There are three models designed with different OFDM technology. Models therefore vary between different levels of key mapping in OFDM (QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM). It made a detailed description of a set of blocks that were used to build models. The behavior and functionality of the proposed models for broadband PLC communication was verified in the simulation program Matlab Simulink. Finally, it is shown the comparison and evaluation of results of each modulation.

Model-based development (MBD) is an increasingly used approach for the development of embedded control software, with Matlab Simulink/Stateflow as the widely accepted language. The adoption of this development paradigm is prevalent in many safety-critical domains, including the automotive industry. With an increasing reliance on software for controlling vehicle functionality and the yearly advent of new vehicle features, automotive models have been growing in size and complexity, causing them to become increasingly difficult to maintain, refactor, and test. Given the centrality of models in MBD, it is a requisite that they be maintained under well-defined and principled software development processes that use precise notation to document system requirements and behavioural design description. Tabular methods have long been used for defining decision-making logic in software, due to their concise and precise manner of communicating complex behaviour, so it is not surprising that they are finding increased use in automotive software models. Thus their presence in Simulink models is increasingly prominent in the implementation of complex behaviour in production code. As a result of the safety-critical nature of the automotive industry, as well as the increasing size and complexity of its models, reliable refactoring and simplification techniques for tabular expressions are becoming an important need for automotive companies. To address this need, this thesis presents a methodology for refactoring complex tabular designs to improve requirements traceability with a focus on Matlab Simulink/Stateflow and the MBD approach. A case study of industrial examples from an automotive partner are used to motivate the work and demonstrate the proposed methodology's effectiveness in reducing design size and complexity, while also increasing testability and requirements traceability. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)