Realizamos medidas Mossbauer a temperatura ambiente das ligas de SM IND.2 (CO IND.1-XFE IND.X) ind.17, COM X = 0.1 A 0.6, E DAS LIGAS sm (CO IND.0.90-VFE IND.VCU IND.0.08ZR IND.0.02) ind.8.35, Com V variando de 0.23 A 0.27. Estas amostras foram caracterizadas por difração de raio X. elas apresentaram a estrutura romboédrica do tipo th ind.2zn ind.17 (R3barraM) com os átomos de Fe ocupando quatro sítios cristalográficos distintos todos os espectros obtidos apresentaram desdobramento magnético e um nível de complexidade alto, resultado da sobreposição de quatro sítios distintos de átomos de fe. Os espectros foram ajustados e através desse ajuste determinados os parâmetros hiperfinos associados a cada sítio e suas respectivas populações. Os resultados obtidos das populações dos sítios nas series de compostos Sm ind.2 (CO IND.1-XFE IND.X) ind.17 revelaram a forte preferência dos átomos de FE de ocupar os sítios halteres (2c). No modelo proposto por ray, à função do ZR e o de deslocar pares de FE dos sítios halteres, substituindo-os por pares ZR-vacância. Através dos resultados obtidos pudemos também comprovar esta hipótese através da análise das populações dos sítios das duas series de amostras. / Mössbauer measurements were carried out at room temperature for Sm2(Co1-xFex)17 alloys with x=0,1 to 0,6 and Sm2(Co0.9-vFevCu0.08Zr0.02)8.35, with v=0.23 to 0.27. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. They showed rhombohedral structure of th2Zn17 type (R3m), where Fe atoms occupy four crystallographic sites. All spectra showed magnetic splitting and a high complexity resulting from the superposition of four Fe sites. Hyperfine parameters and site populations were obtained by least-squares fitting of the spectra. For Sm2(Co1-xFex)17 alloys, Fe atoms show a strong preference for 2c (dumbbell) sites. In the Zr-containing alloys, on the other hand, this tendency is significantly reduced, confirming A. E. Rays hypothesis on the role of Zr in the improvement of the magnetic properties of these alloys through metallurgical treatments.

Realizamos medidas Mossbauer a temperatura ambiente das ligas de SM IND.2 (CO IND.1-XFE IND.X) ind.17, COM X = 0.1 A 0.6, E DAS LIGAS sm (CO IND.0.90-VFE IND.VCU IND.0.08ZR IND.0.02) ind.8.35, Com V variando de 0.23 A 0.27. Estas amostras foram caracterizadas por difração de raio X. elas apresentaram a estrutura romboédrica do tipo th ind.2zn ind.17 (R3barraM) com os átomos de Fe ocupando quatro sítios cristalográficos distintos todos os espectros obtidos apresentaram desdobramento magnético e um nível de complexidade alto, resultado da sobreposição de quatro sítios distintos de átomos de fe. Os espectros foram ajustados e através desse ajuste determinados os parâmetros hiperfinos associados a cada sítio e suas respectivas populações. Os resultados obtidos das populações dos sítios nas series de compostos Sm ind.2 (CO IND.1-XFE IND.X) ind.17 revelaram a forte preferência dos átomos de FE de ocupar os sítios halteres (2c). No modelo proposto por ray, à função do ZR e o de deslocar pares de FE dos sítios halteres, substituindo-os por pares ZR-vacância. Através dos resultados obtidos pudemos também comprovar esta hipótese através da análise das populações dos sítios das duas series de amostras. / Mössbauer measurements were carried out at room temperature for Sm2(Co1-xFex)17 alloys with x=0,1 to 0,6 and Sm2(Co0.9-vFevCu0.08Zr0.02)8.35, with v=0.23 to 0.27. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. They showed rhombohedral structure of th2Zn17 type (R3m), where Fe atoms occupy four crystallographic sites. All spectra showed magnetic splitting and a high complexity resulting from the superposition of four Fe sites. Hyperfine parameters and site populations were obtained by least-squares fitting of the spectra. For Sm2(Co1-xFex)17 alloys, Fe atoms show a strong preference for 2c (dumbbell) sites. In the Zr-containing alloys, on the other hand, this tendency is significantly reduced, confirming A. E. Rays hypothesis on the role of Zr in the improvement of the magnetic properties of these alloys through metallurgical treatments.

Background. China is regulating the import, export, sale, and use of encryption technology in China. If any foreign company wants to develop or release a product in China, they need to report their use of any encryption technology to the Office of State Commercial Cryptography Administration (OSCCA) to gain approval. SM2, SM3, and SM4 are cryptographic standards published by OSCCA and are authorized to be used in China. To comply with Chinese cryptography laws organizations and companies may have to replace standard cryptographic algorithms in their systems with Chinese cryptographic algorithms, such as SM2, SM3, and SM4. It is important to know beforehand how the replacement of algorithms will impact performance to determine future system costs. Objectives. Perform a theoretical study and performance comparison of the standard cryptographic algorithms and Chinese Cryptographic algorithms. The standard cryptographic algorithms studied are RSA, ECDSA, SHA-256, and AES-128, and the Chinese cryptographic algorithms studied are SM2, SM3, and SM4. Methods. A literature analysis was conducted to gain knowledge and collect information about the selected cryptographic algorithms in order to make a theoretical comparison of the algorithms. An experiment was conducted to get measurements of how the algorithms perform and to be able to rate them. Results. The literature analysis provides a comparison that identifies design similarities and differences between the algorithms. The controlled experiment provides measurements of the metrics of the algorithms mentioned in objectives. Conclusions. The conclusions are that the digital signature algorithms SM2 and ECDSA have similar design and also similar performance. SM2 and RSA have fundamentally different designs, and SM2 performs better than RSA when generating keys and signatures. When verifying signatures, RSA shows comparable performance in some cases and worse performance in other cases. Hash algorithms SM3 and SHA-256 have many design similarities, but SHA-256 performs slightly better than SM3. AES-128 and SM4 have many similarities but also a few differences. In the controlled experiment, AES-128 outperforms SM4 with a significant margin. / Bakgrund. Kina reglerar import, export, försäljning och användning av krypteringsteknologi i Kina. Om ett utländskt företag vill utveckla eller släppa en produkt i Kina måste de rapportera sin användning av krypteringsteknologi till Office of State Commercial Cryptography Administration (OSCCA) för godkännande. SM2, SM3 och SM4 är kryptografiska standarder som lagligt får används i Kina. Organisationer och företag kan behöva byta ut krypteringsalgoritmerna i sina system till kinesiska krypteringsalgoritmer för att uppfylla kraven för de kinesiska lagarna. Det är därför viktigt att i förväg veta hur ersättningen av algoritmer kommer att påverka prestandan för att utvärdera framtida kostnader för systemet. Syfte. Genomföra en teoretisk studie och prestanda jämförelse av standard krypteringsalgoritmer och kinesiska krypteringsalgoritmer. De standard krypteringsalgoritmerna är RSA, ECDSA, SHA-256 och AES-128. De kinesiska krypteringsalgoritmerna är SM2, SM3 och SM4. Metod. En litteraturanalys har genomförts för att få en bättre förståelse av de valda algoritmerna. Ett experiment har genomförts för att samla mätvärden av de bestämda parametrarna och för att sedan kunna ranka mätvärdena. Resultat. Litteraturanalysen gav en jämförelse som identifierar likheter och skillnader mellan algoritmerna. Det kontrollerade experimentet gav mätvärden av parametrarna för algoritmerna nämnda i syftet. Slutsatser. Slutsatserna är att de digitala signatur-algoritmerna SM2 och ECDSA har liknade design och också liknade prestanda. SM2 och RSA har fundamentala skillnader i deras design, och SM2 har bättre prestanda vid nyckelgenerering samt signaturgenerering. Vid verifiering av signaturer så visar RSA likvärdig prestanda i vissa fall och sämre prestanda i andra fall. Hashfunktionerna SM3 och SHA-256 har också många likheter i sin design, men SHA-256 presterar lite bättre än SM3. AES-128 och SM3 har många design likheter men också några skillnader. I det kontrollerade experimentet så presterar AES-128 bättre än SM4 med stor marginal.

Les cancers représentent un problème majeur de santé public d'où la nécessité de rechercher de nouvelles classes de médicaments. Parmi les pistes pour développer de nouveaux traitements, deux ont retenu notre attention et celle de nos collaborateurs : la modulation de l’épissage par des composés comme le NVS-SM2, et l’inhibition de l’oncogène KRAS par des dérivés de produits naturels, les flavaglines. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé la première synthèse robuste du NVS-SM2, qui peut satisfaire la demande globale de cet agent pour examiner en détail son potentiel thérapeutique dans différents types d’affection. En outre, la stratégie de synthèse rapportée ici pourrait être étendue à de nouveaux analogues de ce composé. D’autre part, nous avons synthétisé de nouvelles flavaglines qui sont en cours d'étude pour leurs effets sur l’inhibition de KRAS. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons découvert de nouvelles réactions, notamment une inversion de configuration d’amines induite par du chlorure de diméthylcarbamoyle. / Cancers represent a major public health problem hence the need to use new classes of medicines. Among the opportunities for developing new treatments, two have caught our attention and that of our collaborators: the modulation of splicing by compounds such as NVS-SM2, and the inhibition of the oncogene KRAS by derivatives of natural products, the flavaglines.In this context, we have developed the first robust synthesis of NVS-SM2, which can satisfy the global demand of this agent to examine in detail its therapeutic potential in different types of disorders. In addition, the synthetic strategy reported here could be extended to new analogues of this compound. Furthermore, we have synthesized new flavaglines that have been examined for their effects on KRAS inhibition. During this study, we discovered new reactions, including a dimethylcarbamoyl chloride-induced amine inversion of configuration.