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The internationalisation process of high technology INVs : the role of social capital and network relationshipsBatas, Spyridon January 2015 (has links)
This study examined the different roles of social capital (i.e. efficacy, serendipity, and liability), network relationships, network closure and structure important to the internationalisation process of high technology International New Ventures (INVs). Although there has been a growing recognition of the role of social capital in the internationalisation process of firms, research into the three roles of social capital and their interrelation with network closure and structure is a research area that very few empirical studies exist. This study seeks to fill this gap by gaining rich insights into the internationalisation process of high technology INVs and by exploring the importance of strong and weak ties mechanism in early and later international market entries. In this study social capital is the sum of actual and potential resources that derive from network relationships. The study built on qualitative data collected from nine in-depth case studies of Greek and Scottish software INVs. The multiple semi-structure interviews were carried out in 2013 and 2014 with founders and CEOs. The material of the nine cases was used to understand and explain the internationalisation process and how social capital and network relationship influence it. The case material analysis proceeded from within case analysis to cross-case analysis in order to explore common patterns and differences across the cases. A theoretical framework based on the existing gaps was developed and tested in this research. This study contributed to the literature on International Business (IB), International Entrepreneurship (IE) and Social capital by exploring the evolution of social capital diachronically. A new type of INV was found: the niche market INV, which strategically uses its social capital to capture and exploit new opportunities in foreign markets. New insights are given to which role of social capital becomes more crucial in initial and later international market entries. This study found that the efficacy role of social capital played an important role both in initial and later stages of internationalisation. However, the serendipity role of social capital was more important for companies with many structural holes that did not have the necessary network relationships to bridge them. This study showed that Greek and Scottish entrepreneurs have different backgrounds; Greek entrepreneurs lack previous international work experience. It was found that virtual social capital in the digital era is becoming more and more important. A number of implications for management practice, policy and education are presented for developed markets firm managers and governments in the fields of IE and IB.
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Inovação em rede de PMEs: fatores determinantes e consequências sociaisSakamoto, Angela Ruriko 24 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / This study aimed to investigate how innovation emerges as a result of interactions among firms in a collaborative network of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the furniture sector of metropolitan area in São Paulo, the Movelaria Paulista. Innovation in collaborative networks of SMEs in emerging economies has been influenced by various entities, especially the government, and the theme of innovation is usually studied at the firm level, focusing on innovation processes and product development. Innovation as much as network theory has a strategic bias in order to increase performance, competitiveness, share information and to reduce uncertainty and market´s ambiguity. Moreover, SMEs are recognized as organizations that have limited resources (human and financial) and low inclination to strategic planning. However, the Movelaria Paulista network has innovated consistently since its formation in 2004. To explain this complex phenomenon – innovation in network of small businesses, in an emerging country with weak institutions, which belongs to a traditional industry with low use of technology – and not fully covered by the theoretical field, this research was conducted using the Grounded Theory, in order to come up with a substantive theory to explain this phenomena by stand point of involved ones. The Movelaria Paulista is the object of this research and is composed of 52 companies and employs around 1,700 people. During the data collection were performed 45 interviews, 36 factories visited and it was attended six internal meetings as an observer and in two open forums to the public. In addition to almost 3,700 minutes of interviews, it was gathered several secondary data such as magazines, articles and reports. The results enabled to understand the network dynamics of collaboration that results in innovation, and the most revealing contribution is the transformation impact that Movelaria produces in its social context. The projects conducted in Movelaria Paulista foster collaboration within the group and inspire its members to promote internal changes in the organization, which in turn affect its employees and the community around. This pro collective guidance explains the support provided to the improvement of each member and the whole furniture sector as well. This behavior increases the members’ earnings perception in being part of the network, which include and integrate its members, attract new external actors, who foster new opportunities for innovation by increasing the creative space and building bridges to shorten the access to new knowledge. The results have also practical implications for Movelaria to face their challenges and for the institutions to rethink their role in order to increase their aggregated value to this network and to the others. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar como a inovação surge como resultado de interações entre empresas em uma rede colaborativa de micro, pequenas e médias empresas (PME) no setor do mobiliário da região metropolitana de São Paulo, a Movelaria Paulista. As redes de PMEs em economias emergentes tem sido influenciada por várias entidades, especialmente o governo; o tema inovação é geralmente estudado no nível da firma, com foco nos processos de inovação e desenvolvimento de produtos. Sendo que tanto a teoria de redes quanto a de inovação tem viés estratégico que visa o aumento de desempenho, competitividade, troca de informações e a redução da incerteza e ambigüidades do mercado. Ademais, as PMEs são reconhecidas como organizações que tem escassez de recursos (humanos e financeiros) e baixa inclinação ao planejamento estratégico. No entanto, a Movelaria Paulista é uma rede que inova consistentemente desde a sua formação em 2004. Para explicar esse fenômeno complexo - inovação em rede, de pequenas empresas, num país de economia emergente, com instituições fracas, numa indústria tradicional e de baixo uso de tecnologia - e não coberto plenamente pelo campo teórico, esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o uso da Grounded Theory para gerar uma teoria substantiva que explique o fenômeno na visão dos envolvidos. A Movelaria Paulista é composta de 52 empresas e emprega por volta de 1.700 pessoas. Durante a coleta de dados foram realizadas 45 entrevistas, 36 visitas às fábricas, participação como observadora em seis fóruns internos e em dois fóruns abertos ao público, além dos quase 3.700 minutos de entrevista, foram coletadas vários materiais de fonte secundária, como revistas, reportagens e relatórios. Os resultados possibilitam o entendimento da dinâmica de colaboração da rede que resulta em inovação, sendo que a contribuição mais reveladora foi o impacto de transformação que a rede produz no seu contexto social. Os projetos conduzidos na rede estimulam a colaboração do grupo e inspiram os seus integrantes a promoverem mudança internas na organização, que por sua vez afetam os seus colaboradores e a comunidade ao redor. Esta orientação pró coletivo explica o apoio da rede para a melhoria de cada integrante e o esforço em melhorar o setor paulista como um todo. Comportamento que contribui para aumentar a percepção dos ganhos de estar na rede, além de facilitar a inclusão e e integração dos seus membros atrai novos atores externos, fomentando novas oportunidades para inovar, pois aumenta o espaço criativo e constrói “pontes” para encurtar o acesso a novos conhecimentos. Os resultados tem implicações práticas para a Movelaria enfrentar os desafios de mercado e as instituições repensarem no seu papel junto a esta e outras redes.
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