Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-24T19:39:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tesis Doutorado Yaicel 2016.pdf: 2623082 bytes, checksum: cafc3dec5768c69da2e77ed04124e96b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T19:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tesis Doutorado Yaicel 2016.pdf: 2623082 bytes, checksum: cafc3dec5768c69da2e77ed04124e96b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-07 / Facepe / O mecanismo de várias reações químicas bimoleculares em fase gasosa foi analisado e interpretado usando a energética dos perfis de energia potencial combinado com a teoria estatística (RRKM) e a simulação de trajetórias quaseclássicas via dinâmica molecular de Born-Oppenheimer. Primeiramente, foi testado o desempenho de vários métodos da DFT (do inglês, density funcional theory) em relação ao método CCSD(T)/CBS na descrição tanto do perfil energético quanto da distribuição relativa de produtos iônicos para as reações X– + CH3ONO2 (X = F, OH e NCCH2) em fase gasosa. Na comparação, além dos critérios habituais baseados em desvios absolutos e relativos, foram usados critérios mais rigorosos como o intervalo de confiança estatístico e a capacidade dos funcionais em descrever as alturas de barreira relativas. Os funcionais duplo-híbridos (B2PLYP e B2GPPLYP) são os mais apropriados para estudos cinéticos e de seletividade. Em segundo lugar, foi discutido o mecanismo SN2 das reações HX– + CH3Y (X = O, S; Y = F, Cl, Br) em fase gasosa do ponto de vista dinâmico. As trajetórias de dinâmica quaseclássicas revelaram um forte comportamento não-estatístico para estas reações, em que o caminho de reação preferido não foi aquele sugerido pela coordenada intrínseca de reação (IRC, do inglês intrinsic reaction coordinate), ou seja, os complexos CH3XH⋯Y– (via ligação de hidrogênio) não foram observados. A análise dos perfis de energia potencial após o estado de transição não fornece uma racionalização que permita compreender o comportamento não-estatístico. No entanto, a análise do fluxo energético durante a dinâmica mostrou que as trajetórias quaseclássicas apresentam uma bifurcação em relação à energia rotacional e que a incapacidade de seguir o caminho da IRC surge dos períodos vibracionais para a flexão do modo X−CY serem longos, implicando em pouca energia rotacional nos fragmentos HXCH3. Por fim, o mecanismo e a seletividade das reações X– + CH3ONO2 (X = NCCH2, CH3COCH2 e PhCH2) em fase gasosa foram estudados para os canais ECO2, SN2@C e SN2@N. A concordância entre as distribuições relativas de produtos iônicos calculadas e experimentais foi quase perfeita, o que indicou a aplicabilidade das aproximações estatísticas tanto quanto a importância de considerar a regioseletividade dos nucleófilos ambidentados e a exploração detalhada da superfície de energia potencial na determinação de intermediários. / The mechanism of several bimolecular chemical reactions in the gas phase has been analyzed and interpreted by using the potential energy profiles along with the RRKM statistical theory and the simulation of quasiclassical trajectories via Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. Firstly, the accuracy and robustness of several DFT (density functional theory) methods in describing the potential energy profiles and the ionic product distributions of the X– + CH3ONO2 (X = F, OH and NCCH2) gas phase reactions were compared to that of the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. In addition to the usual mean signed and unsigned deviations, this study used tighter criteria such as the statistical confidence interval and the consistency of the functionals to describe the relative barrier heights. The double-hybrid functionals (B2PLYP and B2GPPLYP) performed better for kinetics and selectivity. Secondly, the SN2 mechanism for the HX– + CH3Y (X = O, S; Y = F, Cl, Br) gas phase reactions is discussed from a dynamical point of view. The quasiclassical trajectories revealed a strong non-statistical behavior for these reactions, where the preferred reaction pathways did not follow the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), i.e., the hydrogen bonded CH3XH⋯Y– postreaction complexes were not observed. The analysis of the potential energy profiles after the transition state does not provide a rationalization that allows us to understand the non-statistical behavior. However, the analysis of the energy flow during the dynamics showed that the quasiclassical trajectories cross a dynamical bifurcation related to the rotational energy on the system and that the inability to follow the IRC pathway arises from the long vibrational periods of the X−CY bending mode, implying a low fraction of rotational energy in the HXCH3 fragments. Finally, the ECO2, SN2@N and SN2@N mechanisms and selectivity of the X– + CH3ONO2 (X = NCCH2, CH3COCH2 e PhCH2) gas phase reactions have been investigated. The agreement between the calculated and experimental ionic products ratios was almost perfect, and indicated the reliability of the statistical approaches as well as the importance of considering the regioselectivity of ambidented nucleophiles and the detailed investigation of the potential energy surface to determine intermediates.

En la presente Memoria se describen unas nuevas aplicaciones sintéticas de los dianiones de HAPs, los cuales reaccionan como nucleófilos de alquilo, a pesar de ser generalmente considerados como agentes de transferencia electrónica. Esta metodología complementa la actual alquilación reductora de arenos policíclicos con metales en amoniaco (reducción de Birch), obteniendo una nueva serie de regioisómeros. Estudio de la reacción de alquilación de HAPs-2 con fluoruros de alquilo primarios, secundarios y terciarios. Se llevó a cabo un estudio con sonda de radicales para la reacción entre fluoruros de alquilo primarios y dianiones de HAP. Se tomó como sustrato de partida el fluorometilciclopropano, generando resultados que nos indicaron que el mecanismo de reacción no se producía vía generación de radicales, ya que no se observaron productos de reacción reordenados, se estudió el curso estereoquímico de la reacción con la preparación de fluoruros de alquilo primarios marcados isotopicamente y diastereoméricamente puros. Los resultados del producto de alquilación mostraron una completa inversión de la configuración, por lo que se puede decir que el mecanismo de reacción entre fluoruros de alquilo primarios y dianiones de HAPs transcurre a través de una sustitución nucleofílica con inversión de la configuración (SN2). Para los fluoruros de alquilo primarios, se realizó el mismo estudio para los fluoruros de alquilo secundarios, preparando fluoruros de alquilo diastereomericamente puros, se observó que el producto de alquilación con inversión de la configuración. Se puede decir que los fluoruos de alquilo secundarios reaccionan a través de una reacción de sustitución nucleófila con inversión de la configuración (SN2). Cuando se llevó a cabo el estudio con fluoruros de alquilo terciarios se observó una fuerte competencia entre la transferencia electrónica y la generación de los productos de alquilación. Se intentó realizar un estudio cinético con el 6-fluoro-6-metil-1-hepteno sin obtener resultados concluyentes al respecto. Todos los resultados obtenidos poseen la misma tendencia lo cuál sugiere que el mecanismo de reacción transcurre a través de la transferencia electrónica, y posterior acoplamiento de radicales. Tetrafenilenos quirales como agentes de transferencia electrónica. Se sintetizó el (+/-)-2,7,10,14-tetra-terc-butiltetrafenileno con un buen rendimiento. Se realizó el análisis de su estructura mediante difracción de rayos X. Posteriormente, se estudió su reactividad como agente de transferencia electrónica. También se preparó el (-)-2,7,10,14-tetra-terc-butiltetrafenileno y se estudió su reactividad como agente de transferencia enantioselectiva obteniéndose resultados muy prometedores con sustratos del tipo de B-cloroeter.

Halogenated heterocycles are common in pharmaceutical and natural products and there is a need to develop a better understanding of processes used to synthesize them. Although the halogenation of simple aromatic molecules is well understood, the mechanisms behind the halogenation of aromatic heterocycles have been more problematic to elucidate because multiple pathways are possible. Recently, new, radical-based mechanisms have been proposed for heterocycle halogenation. In this study, we examine and test the viability of possible nucleophilic substitution, SN2@X, mechanisms in the halogenation of anions derived from the deprotonation of aromatic heterocycles. All the experiments were done in a modified Thermo LCQ Plus equipped with ESI. The modifications allow a neutral reagent to be added to the helium buffer gas in the 3D ion trap. In this system, it is possible to monitor ion/molecule reactions over time periods up to 10 seconds. A variety of aromatic heterocyclic nucleophiles were chosen based on their inclusion of nitrogen and or sulfur as the heteroatoms. In addition to this, the halogenating molecules chosen included traditional halobenzenes and a new class of perfluorinated alkyl iodides. It was found that, experimentally, the SN2@X path is the likely mechanism in the halogenation of deprotonated heterocycles. With computational modeling, we have additional support for this substitution mechanism. From this original study, two more studies were developed to look at the competing nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, SNAr. In the first of these studies, the focus was to look at how electron withdrawing substituents about an aromatic ring affect the ratio of SN2@X verses SNAr. As nucleophiles, 2-thiophenide and 5-thiazolide were used. The neutral reagents focus on trifluorobromobenzene derivatives along with pentafluorobromo- and -iodobenzene, and a two trifluoroiodobenzenes. What was found was that the ratio of the reactions depends on where the fluorines, or electron withdrawing substituents are in relation to the bromine or iodine on the ring. If the fluorines are in a close location to stabilize the resulting ionic product, SN2@X proceeds easily. However, the fluorines directly adjacent to the bromine or iodine also provide steric hinderance in the SNAr reaction. In the final project, arylation and benzylation of bromopyridines was examined. The nucleophiles used were benzyl and phenyl anions as well as 5-thiazolide, and the neutral reagents were bromopyridines, with fluorines used as an electron withdrawing groups to help stabilize the transition state. In these experiments, steric hinderance highly affected the results between the phenyl and benzyl nucleophiles. With benzylic anions, the nucleophile is able to reach the aromatic ring with less steric interference and therefore can proceed with an SNAr reaction. In addition to this, with mono and difluorinated pyridine substrates, the nitrogen in the ring activated the ring yielding nucleophilic aromatic substitution losing fluoride rather than bromide in many cases.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-20T12:56:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Ayyaz-Mahmood.pdf: 9023674 bytes, checksum: beecc131e286e19ce6d03dec91f319d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T12:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Ayyaz-Mahmood.pdf: 9023674 bytes, checksum: beecc131e286e19ce6d03dec91f319d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / Realizamos estudos do mecanismo, da seletividade e regiosseletividade da metilação de nitronatos [R1R2CNO2]− com CH3I, em que R1 = R2 = H (1), R1 = CH3 e R2 = H (2), R1 = R2 = CH3 (3); e R1 + R2 = c-(CH2)2 (4), usando método quântico ab initio MP2/CBS método e as teorias ADO e RRKM e simulações numéricas. As estruturas de todos os pontos estacionário no perfil da reação, incluindo os estados de transição, foram obtidas com sucesso e forneceram as energias de ativação (Δ‡) e de reacção (Δr) para todos os caminhos reacionais. Estas reações iniciam com a formação de complexo de reagente do tipo íon-molécula (RC@C ou RC@O) que se converte no respectivo complexo de produto (PC@C e PC@O), através do estado de transição (TS@C e TS@O) correspondente. As constantes de velocidade para a conversão do RC ao PC foram calculadas com a teoria RRKM. Ao contrário da proposta da literatura para o mecanismo de reação, a C-metilação é a via termodinâmica e cinética preferencial, com as seguintes seletividades: PC@C:PC@O = 89:11 (1), 97:03 (2-E), 97:03 (2-Z), 100:0 (3) e 100:0 (4). Isto é corroborado pela concordância qualitativa e quantitativa entre a ordem da reatividade calculada e experimental: 4 >> 3 > 2 > 1. A regiosseletividade para a C-alquilação é explicada pela maior exotermicidade desse canal de reação em comparação com a O-alquilação. O aumento da reatividade com o aumento do impedimento estérico ao redor do carbono central é explicado pelas diferenças de carácter sp3 deste átomo e pela diminuição da frequência vibracional associada à piramidalização ao redor deste átomo de carbono. Uma avaliação de funcionais híbridos- e duplo-híbrido DFT e do método MP2 para estas reações foi realizada a fim de verificar a confiabilidade e precisão destes métodos e sua utilização em modelagens similares. Os métodos mais precisos e robustos, que apresentam menor demanda computacional, foram M06- 2X and MP2 com as funções de base aug-cc-pVTZ-PP. A fim de revelar os efeitos solvente e do agente alquilante, a metilação do nitronato [MeCHNO2]− (2) com Me3O+ (oxônio) foi estudada em fase gás e em solução com o método B2PLYP/6-311+G(d,p). Os resultados mostraram regiosseletividade para a O-metilação em fase gás e principalmente em solução (diclorometano), o que concorda com os dados experimentais. Além disso, eles mostram que a regiosseletividade é fortemente dependente do agente alquilante (MeI vs. Me3O+). Este mesmo método foi utilizado para as reações [XC6H4CHNO2]− + MeCl (X = H, p-MeO, p-NO2) em fase gás e em solução (DMF). Os resultados em solução mostram uma pequena seletividade favorável à O-metilação, contudo, considerando que o agente metilante usado experimentalmente era o metil-p-bromobenzenossulfonato (MeOBS), o qual é muito mais reativo que o MeCl, é esperado que a utilização do MeOBS nas modelagens moleculares deva aumentar esta regiosseletividade para a O-metilação. / We performed a mechanistic, selectivity and regioselectivity study of methylation of nitronates [R1R2CNO2]− by CH3I in the gas-phase, where R1 = R2 = H (1), R1 = CH3 and R2 = H (2), R1 = R2 = CH3 (3); and R1 + R2 = c-(CH2)2 (4), using ab initio MP2/CBS method, ADO and RRKM theories and kinetics simulations. The structures of all stationary points, including transition states, were successfully obtained to provide energies of activation (Δ‡) and of reaction (Δr) for all reaction pathways. These reactions proceed with the formation of ion-neutral reactant complex (RC@C or RC@O) that is converted into the respective product complex (PC@C and PC@O) through the corresponding transition state (TS@C and TS@O). The rate constants for the conversion of RCs into PCs were calculated with the RRKM theory. Contrary to a previous proposal for the reaction mechanism, the C-methylation is the thermodynamics and kinetics preferred pathway with the following PC@C:PC@O selectivites 89:11 (1), 97:03 (2-E), 97:03 (2- Z), 100:0 (3), and 100:0 (4). This is corroborated by the agreement between the calculated and experimental reactivity trend 4 >> 3 > 2 > 1. The regioselectivity towards the C-alkylation is explained by the much larger exothermicity of this reaction channel compared to the Oalkylation. The increase of reactivity upon the increase of crowdedness of the central carbon atom is explained by differences of sp3 character at this atom and the decrease of the vibrational frequency associated with pyramidalization around this carbon atom. An assessment of hybrid- DFT functionals and MP2 method for these reactions was performed in order to ascertain the reliability of these methods for similar molecular modeling. The most accurate and robust methods, with the least computational demand, were M06-2X and MP2 with aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis sets. In order to reveal the solvent and alkylating agent effects, the methylation reaction [MeCHNO2]− (2) + Me3O+ (oxonium) was studied in the gas-phase and in solution with B2PLYP/6-311+G(d,p) calculations. The results show regioselectivity towards O-methylation in the gas-phase and more significantly in solution (dichloromethane), which is in agreement with the experimental observation. In addition, it shows that the regioselectivity is highly dependent upon the reactivity of the alkylating agent (MeI vs. Me3O+). This same method was employed for the [XC6H4CHNO2]− + MeCl (X = H, p-MeO, p-NO2) reactions in the gas-phase and in solution (DMF). The results in solution show a slight regioselectivity towards O-methylation; however, considering that the methylating reagent used in the experiments was methyl pbromobenzenesulfonate (MeOBS), which is much more reactive than MeCl, it should thus be expected an increase of the calculated selectivity.

Les alcaloïdes Daphniphyllum constituent une vaste famille de produits naturels isolés à partir de plantes à feuillage persistant couramment utilisés dans la médecine chinoise traditionnelle. Ils affichent une gamme impressionnante d'activités biologiques; antipyrétique, anti-inflammatoire, antioxydant et même anticancéreux. La calyciphylline B appartient à cette famille et possède un motif original comprenant sept stéréocentres adjacents, dont un stéréocentre quaternaire tout carbone, avec un échafaudage hexacyclique. Sa structure a été déterminée par données spectroscopiques, plus précisément par des techniques de RMN 2D. Malgré le peu d'information sur son activité biologique, sa synthèse représente sans le moindre doute un grand défi pour les chimistes organiciens. Le groupe de recherche du Prof. Hanessian a entrepris la synthèse totale de la calyciphylline B en 2010, laquelle est toujours en cours. Une nouvelle approche a été développée pour la préparation d'un intermédiaire azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane avancé. Ce mémoire résume les travaux de recherche de l'auteur sur les progrès réalisés pour la voie alternative élaborée par le groupe du prof. Hanessian. Le travail effectué comprend la formation d'un stéréocentre quaternaire, l'alkylation d'un énolate sur un triflate d'alkyle secondaire, une réduction diastéréosélective, une cyclisation réductrice ainsi qu'une oxydation de Wacker régiosélective. / The Daphniphyllum alkaloids constitute a broad class of natural products isolated from a genus of evergreen plants extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. These alkaloids display an impressive range of biological activities, including antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even anticancer properties. Calyciphylline B is a structurally unique member of this family containing seven contiguous stereocenters including an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter with a fused-hexacyclic ring scaffold. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. Despite the sparse availability of information on its biological activity, its synthesis is undoubtedly a great challenge for synthetic chemists. The research group of Prof. Hanessian embarked on the total synthesis of calyciphylline B in 2010 and the project is still ongoing. A new route was developed for the preparation of an advanced azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane intermediate. This thesis summarizes the research work of the author on the progress made for the synthetic route developed by the Hanessian group. The work done includes the formation of a quaternary stereocenter, alkylation of an enolate using a secondary alkyl triflate, diastereoselective reduction, reductive cyclization, and a regioselective Wacker oxidation.

Les alcaloïdes Daphniphyllum constituent une vaste famille de produits naturels isolés à partir de plantes à feuillage persistant couramment utilisés dans la médecine chinoise traditionnelle. Ils affichent une gamme impressionnante d'activités biologiques; antipyrétique, anti-inflammatoire, antioxydant et même anticancéreux. La calyciphylline B appartient à cette famille et possède un motif original comprenant sept stéréocentres adjacents, dont un stéréocentre quaternaire tout carbone, avec un échafaudage hexacyclique. Sa structure a été déterminée par données spectroscopiques, plus précisément par des techniques de RMN 2D. Malgré le peu d'information sur son activité biologique, sa synthèse représente sans le moindre doute un grand défi pour les chimistes organiciens. Le groupe de recherche du Prof. Hanessian a entrepris la synthèse totale de la calyciphylline B en 2010, laquelle est toujours en cours. Une nouvelle approche a été développée pour la préparation d'un intermédiaire azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane avancé. Ce mémoire résume les travaux de recherche de l'auteur sur les progrès réalisés pour la voie alternative élaborée par le groupe du prof. Hanessian. Le travail effectué comprend la formation d'un stéréocentre quaternaire, l'alkylation d'un énolate sur un triflate d'alkyle secondaire, une réduction diastéréosélective, une cyclisation réductrice ainsi qu'une oxydation de Wacker régiosélective. / The Daphniphyllum alkaloids constitute a broad class of natural products isolated from a genus of evergreen plants extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. These alkaloids display an impressive range of biological activities, including antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even anticancer properties. Calyciphylline B is a structurally unique member of this family containing seven contiguous stereocenters including an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter with a fused-hexacyclic ring scaffold. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. Despite the sparse availability of information on its biological activity, its synthesis is undoubtedly a great challenge for synthetic chemists. The research group of Prof. Hanessian embarked on the total synthesis of calyciphylline B in 2010 and the project is still ongoing. A new route was developed for the preparation of an advanced azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane intermediate. This thesis summarizes the research work of the author on the progress made for the synthetic route developed by the Hanessian group. The work done includes the formation of a quaternary stereocenter, alkylation of an enolate using a secondary alkyl triflate, diastereoselective reduction, reductive cyclization, and a regioselective Wacker oxidation.

<p>This thesis concerns the study of reaction mechanisms by means of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs). Studies of the nucleophilic bimolecular substitution (S_N2) reaction had the dual purpose of improving our fundamental understanding of molecular reactivity and assessing the ability of kinetic isotope effects to serve as mechanistic tools. The transition state of the S_N2 reaction between a cyanide ion and ethyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran was found to be reactant like and only slightly tighter than has been found previously for the same reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide. One conclusion was that the transition-state structure in this reaction was predicted fairly well by the theoretical calculations, even without solvent modelling. The S_N2 reactions between cyanide ions and <i>para</i>-substituted benzyl chlorides were found to have reactant-like transition states, of which the C_α-Cl bond was most influenced by the <i>para</i>-substitution. Theoretical calculations indicated that the chlorine KIEs could be used as probes of the substituent effect on the C_α-Cl bond if bond fission was not too advanced in the transition state. Furthermore, the nucleophile carbon ¹¹C/¹⁴C KIEs were determined for the reactions between cyanide ions and various ethyl substrates in dimethyl sulphoxide.</p><p>Precision conductometry was employed to estimate the aggregation status of tetrabutylammonium cyanide in tetrahydrofuran and in dimethyl sulphoxide, which is of interest as tetrabutylammonium cyanide is frequently used as the nucleophilic reagent in mechanistic investigations and synthetic reactions. The tendency for ion-pair formation was found to be very slight, significant, and very strong in dimethyl sulphoxide, water, and tetrahydrofuran, respectively. </p><p>The nitrogen kinetic isotope effect on monoamine oxidase B catalysed deamination of benzylamine was determined in an attempt to obtain conclusive evidence regarding the mechanism of the oxidation. Monoamine oxidase is an important drug target in connection with the treatment of, for example, depression and Parkinson’s disease, and knowledge on how the enzyme effects catalysis would facilitate the design of highly selective and efficient inhibitors.</p>

This thesis concerns the study of reaction mechanisms by means of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs). Studies of the nucleophilic bimolecular substitution (SN2) reaction had the dual purpose of improving our fundamental understanding of molecular reactivity and assessing the ability of kinetic isotope effects to serve as mechanistic tools. The transition state of the SN2 reaction between a cyanide ion and ethyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran was found to be reactant like and only slightly tighter than has been found previously for the same reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide. One conclusion was that the transition-state structure in this reaction was predicted fairly well by the theoretical calculations, even without solvent modelling. The SN2 reactions between cyanide ions and para-substituted benzyl chlorides were found to have reactant-like transition states, of which the Cα-Cl bond was most influenced by the para-substitution. Theoretical calculations indicated that the chlorine KIEs could be used as probes of the substituent effect on the Cα-Cl bond if bond fission was not too advanced in the transition state. Furthermore, the nucleophile carbon 11C/14C KIEs were determined for the reactions between cyanide ions and various ethyl substrates in dimethyl sulphoxide. Precision conductometry was employed to estimate the aggregation status of tetrabutylammonium cyanide in tetrahydrofuran and in dimethyl sulphoxide, which is of interest as tetrabutylammonium cyanide is frequently used as the nucleophilic reagent in mechanistic investigations and synthetic reactions. The tendency for ion-pair formation was found to be very slight, significant, and very strong in dimethyl sulphoxide, water, and tetrahydrofuran, respectively. The nitrogen kinetic isotope effect on monoamine oxidase B catalysed deamination of benzylamine was determined in an attempt to obtain conclusive evidence regarding the mechanism of the oxidation. Monoamine oxidase is an important drug target in connection with the treatment of, for example, depression and Parkinson’s disease, and knowledge on how the enzyme effects catalysis would facilitate the design of highly selective and efficient inhibitors.

Le 1,3-diphényl-3-acétoxypropène PhCH=CHPh-OAc est très utilisé pour tester l'efficacité des ligands chiraux. Nous avons étudié séparément son addition oxydante avec différents complexes de palladium (0) (Pd°(PPh3)4 et Pd(dba)2 + P,P = dppb ou 2xPPh3 ) et la substitution nucléophile avec la morpholine et la pipéridine.<br />L'addition oxydante conduit à la formation d'un complexe cationique [(eta3-PhCH-CH-CHPh)Pd(PPh3)2]+. Elle est réversible et constituée de deux étapes. L'étape de complexation formant le complexe neutre : [(eta2-PhCH=CHPh-OAc)Pd°(P,P)] est plus rapide que l'étape d'ionisation dans les conditions étudiées. <br />La substitution nucléophile est équilibrée avec dppb. Elle est irréversible avec PPh3 et plus rapide que l'étape cinétiquement déterminante de l'addition oxydante : l'étape d'ionisation. <br /><br />Les carboxylates allyliques cycliques substitués en 5 s'isomérisent en présence de complexes de palladium(0). L'étude de l'addition oxydante des p-Z-benzoates de cis-5-phénylcyclohex-2-enyl (cis-1Z, Z = NO2, Cl, H, Me, MeO) avec les précurseurs de palladium(0) cités plus haut nous a permis de déterminer l'influence du groupe partant sur l'isomérisation en position allylique<br />Quel que soit le benzoate de départ, la vitesse d'isomérisation est plus grande avec Pd0(PPh3)4 qu'avec Pd0(dba)(PPh3)2. C'est en accord avec le mécanisme SN2 lors de l'isomérisation du complexe cationique eta3-allylique formé lors de l'addition oxydante. Pour le même précurseur de palladium(0), plus le groupe partant est bon, plus la concentration en complexe cationique eta3-allylique est élevée, plus l'isomérisation est rapide.