Service-oriented architecture (SOA) governance has been identified as the most important factor affecting the outcome of SOA within organisations. However, authors have failed to explain how organisations should govern specific aspects of its SOA, leaving a gap in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate established SOA governance mechanisms in order to explain implications of governance in a SOA context. The research question of the study was to identify which SOA governance mechanisms do or do not provide support for different constituents of SOA. The study also contained three sub-questions; (i) Is there a difference between how SOA governance mechanisms support technical vs. non technical constituents of SOA? (ii) Is there any SOA governance mechanism that is more important than others? (iii) Is there a relation between the SOA governance mechanisms?   The study was conducted using theories related to SOA and SOA governance. We identified the most academically accepted SOA governance mechanisms to test their support for different constituents of SOA. To get an holistic view of SOA, we used a SOA maturity framework to identify what the constituents of SOA really are. The support of the SOA governance mechanisms were then studied in relation to the different constituents of SOA, through interviews and observations, during a ten week internship at Scania.   The results showed that as good as every SOA governance mechanism supports the constituents of SOA, although the level of support varied. In general, we found patterns separating the support for technological and non-technological constituents of SOA. The technological constituents of SOA were to a great extent provided the same support from SOA governance mechanisms, which also was true for the non-technological constituents of SOA. Interestingly, except for one SOA governance mechanism, the technological constituents of SOA and the non-technological obtained different levels of support from governance. The most important SOA governance mechanisms are the creation of standards and policies, having processes to create and enforce policies, processes for education, and establishing SOA skills and training. We can also conclude that there is a relationship between many of the SOA governance mechanisms, and that academics and practitioners therefore have to view SOA governance holistically, rather than independent governance mechanisms.

SOA governance not only ensures that the concepts and principles for service orientation and its distributed architecture are managed appropriately and delivered on the stated business goals for services but also controls the evolution of these service-oriented systems. Evolving services must be able to manage their own actions based on high level global business goals and low level local rules. One way to specify such goals is in the form of policies. Policies are operating rules to orchestrate and maintain order, security, and consistency throughout the service lifecycle. In this ubiquitous world of SOA, there are diverse kinds of policies that can be leveraged for governing services. However, these policies are not often documented properly which then leads to redundancy in policy creation and development. To characterize these policies, the thesis first introduces a taxonomy that classifies policies applicable towards the field of SOA governance. This document then identifies the characteristics of policies that are most influential as the organizational maturity evolves. The intended outcome of this thesis is to present the readers with an overall idea of governance policies and their classification as the enterprise system progresses, from being service oriented to virtualized and eventually to a cloud oriented system. In this thesis, policies that govern service oriented systems are categorized on the basis of their empirically observable behavior and their applicability to phases of the service lifecycle. This document also recommends policies and their classification, based on enforcement style in the virtualization layer and execution phase in the cloud layer. With this classification, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of existing policies facilitating policy based governance and evolution in distributed service oriented environments. / Graduate

The thesis is focused on administration and supervision of Service oriented architecture (SOA). The main idea of SOA is system decomposition to functional units, which contain bounded and well understandable functionality. This functionality, in form of service, is provided to other units through clearly described interface. Well-identified relationships between service provider and service consumer are created. SOA governance aims to manage these relationships, to monitor quality of services and to control adherence of stated rules and policies. These rules and policies are established by central team responsible for integration and architecture development. Starting point of successful architecture development is acquaintance of service portfolio and their inter-relationships. Each service should go through whole formal life-cycle, which particular phases have special policies applied. Main interest is devoted to run-time phase - run-time monitoring and run-time governance. Theory is complemented by practical examples of report generation and service monitoring with SLA adherence observation. The thesis also contains structural model of SOA governance taking into account infrastructural elements of SOA and information flows between them.

Our society is increasingly demanding situation-aware smarter software (SASS) systems, whose goals change over time and depend on context situations. A system with such properties must sense their dynamic environment and respond to changes quickly, accurately, and reliably, that is, to be context-aware and self-adaptive. The problem addressed in this dissertation is the dynamic management of context information, with the goal of improving the relevance of SASS systems' context-aware capabilities with respect to changes in their requirements and execution environment. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on the investigation of dynamic context management and self-adaptivity to: (i) improve context-awareness and exploit context information to enhance quality of user experience in SASS systems, and (ii) improve the dynamic capabilities of self-adaptivity in SASS systems. Context-awareness and self-adaptivity pose signi cant challenges for the engineering of SASS systems. Regarding context-awareness, the rst challenge addressed in this dissertation is the impossibility of fully specifying environmental entities and the corresponding monitoring requirements at design-time. The second challenge arises from the continuous evolution of monitoring requirements due to changes in the system caused by self-adaptation. As a result, context monitoring strategies must be modeled and managed in such a way that they support the addition and deletion of context types and monitoring conditions at runtime. For this, the user must be integrated into the dynamic context management process. Concerning self-adaptivity, the third challenge is to control the dynamicity of adaptation goals, adaptation mechanisms, and monitoring infrastructures, and the way they a ect each other in the adaptation process. This is to preserve the eff ectiveness of context monitoring requirements and thus self-adaptation. The fourth challenge, related also to self-adaptivity,concerns the assessment of adaptation mechanisms at runtime to prevent undesirable system states as a result of self-adaptation. Given these challenges, to improve context-awareness we made three contributions. First, we proposed the personal context sphere concept to empower users to control the life cycle of personal context information in user-centric SASS systems. Second, we proposed the SmarterContext ontology to model context information and its monitoring requirements supporting changes in these models at runtime. Third, we proposed an effi cient context processing engine to discover implicit contextual facts from context information speci fied in changing context models. To improve self-adaptivity we made three contributions. First, we proposed a framework for the identi cation of adaptation properties and goals, which is useful to evaluate self-adaptivity and to derive monitoring requirements mapped to adaptation goals. Second, we proposed a reference model for designing highly dynamic self-adaptive systems, for which the continuous pertinence between monitoring mechanisms and both changing system goals and context situations is a major concern. Third, we proposed a model with explicit validation and veri cation (V&V) tasks for self-adaptive software, where dynamic context monitoring plays a major role. The seventh contribution of this dissertation, the implementation of Smarter-Context infrastructure, addresses both context-awareness and self-adaptivity. To evaluate our contributions, qualitatively and quantitatively, we conducted several comprehensive literature reviews, a case study on user-centric situation-aware online shopping, and a case study on dynamic governance of service-oriented applications. / Graduate

Depuis plusieurs années, la mondialisation du marché, l'augmentation des exigences des clients, et la recherche permanente d'une baisse des coûts induisent un accroissement fort de la complexité du monde industriel. Ainsi, la collaboration inter-organisationnelle devient essentielle pour maintenir et renforcer la compétitivité des entreprises. Dans cette optique, le système d'information peut, selon sa flexibilité et sa robustesse, freiner ou faciliter cette collaboration. Cette problématique est le point de départ du projet MISE (Mediation Information System Engineering) qui propose une solution pour la conception et la réalisation d'un système d'information collaboratif. Cette solution se base sur une démarche d'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles, couplée à une approche Business Process Management (BPM) et reposant sur les Architectures Orientées Services (SOA). Cette démarche se déroule en deux étapes : (i) la génération d'une cartographie de processus répondant à une situation collaborative (niveau métier), et (ii) sa transformation en un système exécutable (niveau technique). Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s'inscrivent dans cette démarche. Ils s'intéressent en particulier au passage du niveau métier vers le niveau technique en se focalisant sur les aspects non-fonctionnels. Nous présentons une approche permettant (i) d'annoter les activités métier à l'aide d'exigences non-fonctionnelles lors de la modélisation des processus collaboratifs, (ii) de rationaliser la gestion des services et leurs propriétés non-fonctionnelles au moyen de la Gouvernance SOA, et enfin (iii) de faire une réconciliation non-fonctionnelle entre les activités et les services. Nous avons validé les concepts de notre approche au travers de deux prototypes : Petals BPM-NFR pour la modélisation et l'annotation non-fonctionnelle des processus métier, et EasierGov-NFR pour la gouvernance des services et leurs propriétés non-fonctionnelles ainsi que la réconciliation non-fonctionnelle. Un cas d'étude illustre notre approche pour prouver son applicabilité. Ces travaux s'inscrivent au sein du projet européen FP7 CHOReOS. / Over the last years, the globalization, the increase of customers requirements, and the constant search for lower costs, have induced a steep complexity of organization's management. Therefore, inter-organizational collaboration becomes essential to maintain and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. In this context, the information system may, depending on its flexibility and its robustness, hamper or facilitate this collaboration. One approach to resolve this problem has been taken by the MISE (Mediation Information System Engineering) project. It aims to provide an effective implementation of a collaborative information system, based on Model-Driven Engineering, coupled with a Business Process Management approach (BPM) and supported by Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). This solution consists in two steps: (i) the generation of a business processes map from the description of a collaborative situation (business level), and (ii) the transformation of these process models into an executable system (technical level). The works detailed in this PhD take roots in this solution and improve it by adding non-functional aspects management during the transition from the business level to the technical level. We present an approach that: first (i) annotates the business activities with Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) in the processes modelling stage, second (ii) rationalizes the management of services and their non-functional properties through SOA Governance, and third (iii) makes a non-functional reconciliation between activities and services. We validate our approach through two prototypes: Petals BPM-NFR for modelling and non-functional annotation of business process, and EasierGov-NFR for the governance of services and their non- functional properties, and the non-functional reconciliation. A case study illustrates our approach to demonstrate its applicability. This work is supported by the FP7 European project CHOReOS.

The main subject of this master thesis is the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). It shows a complete overview of Web Services in terms of realisation of a SOA. The thesis mentions what is already done and what else remains to ful ll the basic SOA principles. Then, it reviews Java EE platform tools used to deal with the Web Services. Next, it introduces the Java Management Extensions (JMX) technology as a solution of the web service's area - SOA governance. Moreover, it examinates the possible usage of JMX for the web service's management and monitoring issues. Finally, it implements an exemplary web services management and monitoring application on GlassFish server for testing purposes.

A Arquitetura Orientada a Serviço SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) firmou-se como paradigma de desenvolvimento de sistemas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação TIC, pelas suas características que proporcionam flexibilidade, agilidade, reuso e escalabilidade. Porém, para que uma aplicação SOA seja bem-sucedida é imperativo que seja embasada por uma governança eficaz. Como desenvolver e manter esta governança atualizada em um ambiente com rápidas e imprevisíveis mudanças é um grande desafio. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para que uma organização com infra-estrutura modesta de TI possa manter esta governança SOA (governança de sistemas baseados na Arquitetura Orientada a Serviço), utilizando as capacidades dinâmicas constituídas por habilidades e rotinas peculiares da organização. A contribuição do trabalho reside na ligação, praticamente inexistente, das linhas de pesquisa de governança SOA e de capacidades dinâmicas. Para isto, o trabalho identifica o que precisa ser feito (framework), quem são os responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento e manutenção (atores) e como atuar na governança SOA (plataforma). O desenvolvimento foi embasado por uma extensa pesquisa dos conceitos envolvidos, seguido pela inferência das capacidades dinâmicas necessárias para a governança SOA e, finalmente, a implementação de uma plataforma que permite ao analista de processos mudar a governança SOA de forma interativa. O trabalho teve como resultados a elaboração de uma metodologia e um sistema de manutenção da governança operacional de sistemas baseados em SOA. A metodologia compreende os requisitos e a forma de análise das mudanças dos elementos que compõem a governança SOA. O sistema é constituído por um framework e uma plataforma de implantação ágil e eficaz, para aplicar capacidades dinâmicas na governança SOA. / SOA Service Oriented Architecture has been established as the paradigm for IT Information Technology systems development, due to its features that promotes flexibility, agility, reuse and scalability. However, an SOA application to be successful must be supported by effective governance. How to develop and maintain this governance up to date in a fast and unpredictable environment is a great challenge. This work aims to present a methodology that allows a modest IT infrastructure to be able to cope with SOA governance, using dynamic capabilities (particular abilities and routines of an organization). The contribution of this work is the link (practically inexistent) between lines of research in SOA governance and dynamic capabilities. To accomplish this purpose, this work sought to what must be done (framework), who is the responsible for the development and maintenance (owner), and how to perform the SOA governance (platform). The development has been founded by an extensive research of involved concepts, inference of required dynamic capabilities to maintain the SOA governance and the development of a platform that allows a process analyst to change SOA governance interactively. The results were a methodology and a maintenance system of SOA operational governance. The methodology comprises the requirements and changes in the analysis procedure of the elements of the SOA governance. The system is composed of an agile and effective implementation framework and platform that enable how to apply dynamic capabilities into the SOA governance. The Introduction presents examples of practical application (motivation), the goal, the justification, and the scope. Chapter 2 presents an extensive literature review about SOA, SOA governance, and dynamic capabilities, from both academic and commercial literature. Chapter 3 presents the methodology and a brief history of the development. Chapter 4 presents the development of the proposed system. Chapter 5 discusses some topics related to the proposition. Chapter 6 presents the conclusion and proposals for future developments.

A Arquitetura Orientada a Serviço SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) firmou-se como paradigma de desenvolvimento de sistemas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação TIC, pelas suas características que proporcionam flexibilidade, agilidade, reuso e escalabilidade. Porém, para que uma aplicação SOA seja bem-sucedida é imperativo que seja embasada por uma governança eficaz. Como desenvolver e manter esta governança atualizada em um ambiente com rápidas e imprevisíveis mudanças é um grande desafio. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para que uma organização com infra-estrutura modesta de TI possa manter esta governança SOA (governança de sistemas baseados na Arquitetura Orientada a Serviço), utilizando as capacidades dinâmicas constituídas por habilidades e rotinas peculiares da organização. A contribuição do trabalho reside na ligação, praticamente inexistente, das linhas de pesquisa de governança SOA e de capacidades dinâmicas. Para isto, o trabalho identifica o que precisa ser feito (framework), quem são os responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento e manutenção (atores) e como atuar na governança SOA (plataforma). O desenvolvimento foi embasado por uma extensa pesquisa dos conceitos envolvidos, seguido pela inferência das capacidades dinâmicas necessárias para a governança SOA e, finalmente, a implementação de uma plataforma que permite ao analista de processos mudar a governança SOA de forma interativa. O trabalho teve como resultados a elaboração de uma metodologia e um sistema de manutenção da governança operacional de sistemas baseados em SOA. A metodologia compreende os requisitos e a forma de análise das mudanças dos elementos que compõem a governança SOA. O sistema é constituído por um framework e uma plataforma de implantação ágil e eficaz, para aplicar capacidades dinâmicas na governança SOA. / SOA Service Oriented Architecture has been established as the paradigm for IT Information Technology systems development, due to its features that promotes flexibility, agility, reuse and scalability. However, an SOA application to be successful must be supported by effective governance. How to develop and maintain this governance up to date in a fast and unpredictable environment is a great challenge. This work aims to present a methodology that allows a modest IT infrastructure to be able to cope with SOA governance, using dynamic capabilities (particular abilities and routines of an organization). The contribution of this work is the link (practically inexistent) between lines of research in SOA governance and dynamic capabilities. To accomplish this purpose, this work sought to what must be done (framework), who is the responsible for the development and maintenance (owner), and how to perform the SOA governance (platform). The development has been founded by an extensive research of involved concepts, inference of required dynamic capabilities to maintain the SOA governance and the development of a platform that allows a process analyst to change SOA governance interactively. The results were a methodology and a maintenance system of SOA operational governance. The methodology comprises the requirements and changes in the analysis procedure of the elements of the SOA governance. The system is composed of an agile and effective implementation framework and platform that enable how to apply dynamic capabilities into the SOA governance. The Introduction presents examples of practical application (motivation), the goal, the justification, and the scope. Chapter 2 presents an extensive literature review about SOA, SOA governance, and dynamic capabilities, from both academic and commercial literature. Chapter 3 presents the methodology and a brief history of the development. Chapter 4 presents the development of the proposed system. Chapter 5 discusses some topics related to the proposition. Chapter 6 presents the conclusion and proposals for future developments.

Inom Svensk hälso- och sjukvård sker en stor förändring i IT-infrastruktur. En nationell tjänsteplattform som ska möjligt delning av information mellan vårdgivare i olika regioner har implementerats. Flera landsting och regioner har implementerat liknande arkitekturer lokalt för att uppnå samma effekt även internt, men också för att underlätta uppkoppling till den nationella lösningen.Genom en kvalitativ fallstudie undersöker denna uppsats implementationen av en regional tjänsteplattform i Stockholms Läns Landsting med fokus på styrning. I en teoretisk undersökning behandlas teorier gällande IT inom offentlig hälso- och sjukvård, IT-governance, SOA och SOA-governance.Syftet med studien är att analysera och utvärdera teorier gällande SOA-governance i relation till styrning av en regional tjänsteplattform inom offentlig hälso- och sjukvård och på så sätt bidra till utveckling av aktuella teorier genom en diskussion gällande dess användbarhet inom en specifik sektor. Jag syftar också att bidra till utveckling av den studerade verksamheten genom att identifiera/prognostisera möjligheter och problem med aktuella styrningsstrukturer.Resultaten indikerar att utmaningar för att etablera SOA-governance inom offentlig hälso-och sjukvård främst härstammar ur organisationens natur. Exempelvis Politisk styrning eller lagstiftning. Ramverk för SOA-governance kan inte direkt hantera dessa utmaningar, men kan ge ett stöd genom struktur i arbetet samtidigt som de kan agera rådgivande gällande lösningar som fungerat i andra verksamheter. Rekommendationen är att tidigt i processen fastställa omfång av SOA-projektet, men också dess mål relativt verksamheten. Studien tyder också på att en ökad nytta kan erhållas genom att tidigt i processen etablera en styrande grupp som med ett tydligt mandat beslutar om standarder och säkerställer dess efterlevnad redan under etableringsprojektet.