Anaerobic pretreatment and aerobic post-treatment of municipal wastewater is being used more frequently. Recent investigations in this field using an AFBR/aeration chamber combination demonstrated the technical feasibility of this process. The investigation presented herein describes the use of a combined UASB/aeration chamber system for the treatment of municipal wastewater and attempts to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using the UASB process as both a pretreatment unit and a waste activated sludge digestion system. The results indicate that the UASB reactor has a TSS removal efficiency of about 37%. Of the solids removed by the unit, 33% were degraded by the action of microorganisms, and 4.6% were accumulated in the reactor. The results also show that accumulation of solids in the UASB reactor took place in the upper zone of the sludge bed.

by Chu Hon Yue. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 91-93. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1. --- LEED EXPERIMENT --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2. --- LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY：I(E) CURVE --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3. --- AN OUTLINE OF THE PHYSICS OF LEED --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- LEED Process In One-Dimensional Surface --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- LEED Process In Three-Dimensional Surface --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Surface With An Overlayer --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- The Muffin-Tin Model And The Inner Potential --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.5. --- The Phase Shift --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.6. --- Thermal Effects --- p.19 / Chapter III. --- DYNAMICAL LEED CALCULATION： THE RENORMALIZED FORWARD SCATTERING PERTURBATION METHOD --- p.22 / Chapter IV. --- THE ZANAZZI-JONA RELIABILITY FACTOR --- p.30 / Chapter V. --- CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS --- p.33 / Chapter 5.1. --- EXPERIMENTAL I(E) CURVES --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2. --- CALCULATED I(E) CURVES --- p.36 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Top Site --- p.4o / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Bridge Site --- p.41 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Hollow Site --- p.42 / Chapter VI. --- DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.44 / APPENDIX I --- p.51 / TABLES --- p.52 / I(E) CURVES AND CONTOUR MAPS --- p.61 / APPENDIX II --- p.79 / MAIN PROGRAMME FOR Rh(100)-c(2x2) -S --- p.80 / INPUT PARAMETERS FOR TOP SITE --- p.85 / INPUT PARAMETERS FOR BRIDGE SITE --- p.87 / INPUT PARAMETERS FOR HOLLOW SITE --- p.89 / REFERENCES --- p.91

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 85-86.

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Graduation date: 2003

This paper summarizes a recently developed continuum theory for the elastic-viscoplastic deformation of amorphous solids such as polymeric and metallic glasses. Introducing an internal-state variable that represents the local free-volume associated with certain metastable states, we are able to capture the highly non-linear stress-strain behavior that precedes the yield-peak and gives rise to post-yield strain-softening. Our theory explicitly accounts for the dependence of the Helmholtz free energy on the plastic deformation in a thermodynamically consistent manner. This dependence leads directly to a backstress in the underlying flow rule, and allows us to model the rapid strain-hardening response after the initial yield-drop in monotonic deformations, as well as the Bauschinger-type reverse-yielding phenomena typically observed in amorphous polymeric solids upon unloading after large plastic deformations. We have implemented a special set of constitutive equations resulting from the general theory in a finite-element computer program. Using this finite-element program, we apply the specialized equations to model the large-deformation response of the amorphous polymeric solid polycarbonate, at ambient temperature and pressure. We show numerical results to some representative problems, and compare them against corresponding results from physical experiments. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of solvent addition to bitumen froth on the wettability of froth solids. The wettability of solids determines the transportation/partitioning of the solids between phases, which in turn affects the solids and water rejection in a Clark hot water extraction process (CHWE). The impact of solvents treatment on the wettability of froth solids was studied using both a model system and a real bitumen froth system. The vulnerabilities of four kinds of model minerals to hydrocarbon contamination/wettability alteration in different solvents were compared and discussed by considering solvent composition and mineral types. The wettability of solids extracted from the industrial froth using different solvents was also compared. The XRD analysis on these solids confirmed the partitioning behavior of solids observed in model solids system. The results from this study indicate that the composition of paraffinic/aromatic solvent in an industrial froth treatment process could be tailor-optimized to achieve a better solids/water rejection. / Materials Engineering