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­^¤å´£­n¡R Variation technique has always been one of the way of composing used by composers both in eastern and western music. During Beethoven's creative time, he worked on variation both technique and musical form frequently. Before 1800, he composed pieces based on variation technique for keyboard including 12 piano variations, few chambers and piano duets. After 1800, he started using variation more intensively. The pieces he wrote include in chambers, concertos and symphonies. Until 1815, the technique of variations became character on the late period of Beethoven. In this thesis, The definition of variation will be introduced first. The historical background of variation will be discussed from Middle age to Classic period. Before 1823, the types of variation can be differentiated as the independent variations and variation movements in large works. And the technique could be divided into four types which are ostinato variations¡Bcantus-firmus variations¡Bfixed-harmony variations and melodic variations with fixed harmony. And the form of variation can be divided into three types which are strophic variations¡Bhybrid variations and genre variations. Then, three string Quartets from different periods¡Bsymphony No.3 and some piano variations will be discussed from the point of view of Beethoven's variation technique. And 5 pieces from piano sonatas of Beethoven's works-- Op.14 No.2 II movement, Op.26 I movement, Op.57 II movement, Op.109 III movement, and Op.111 II movement-- will be described in detail on the background of composing and form analyzing. Finally, conclusion will be given. By adding variation movements to classic sonatas, Beethoven experienced the new technique of variation, and made these 5 sonatas much more unique and with variety.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008. / Title from title screen (site viewed Sept. 16, 2008). PDF text: xv, 120 p. : music ; 7 MB. UMI publication number: AAT 3297757. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Divertissement / Jean Francaix -- Sonata for piano and violoncello in E minor / Johannes Brahms -- Sonata in D minor / C. P. E. Bach -- Portugesa / Henri Busser -- Concertino / Francisco Mignone. / text

Sonata for cello and piano in G minor, op.5, no.2 / Ludwig van Beethoven -- Pan trauert um Syrinx: Eine mythologische Szene / Joseph Marx -- Sonata for cello and piano in C major, op.65 / Benjamin Britten. / text

Prelude and scherzo / P. Jeanjean -- Sonata in D major, op.78 / J. Brahms -- Vier letzte Lieder (1948) / R. Strauss. / text

Sieben fruhe Lieder / Alban Berg -- Duo concertante / Igor Stravinsky -- Sonata for viola and piano / George Rochberg. / text

Thesis (B.M.)--Butler University, Summa cum laude, 1970. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 62).

Thesis (A.Mus.D.)--University of Arizona, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-70).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1977. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 408-416). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.