No description available.

This dissertation is an exploration of the creative spaces often opened up by exile and forced migration, where Southern Sudanese negotiate and perform new forms of belonging and affiliation, while simultaneously (re)producing, ‘local’ practices in order to reaffirm and solidify existing relationships and identity categories. Through my examination of the creative spaces opened up by migration and exile, I also raise questions related to broader concerns in the field of forced migration and refugee studies regarding the need to problematize the often binary distinction between forced and voluntary migrants, which often places refugees in a category stripped of agency and choice. Based on 20 months of multi-sited field work in Calgary, Canada and Juba, South Sudan and exploring issues related community organization and shifting forms of affiliation, long distance nation building, transnational marriage and return migration, this dissertation demonstrates how settling-in and place-making involve both material and moral aspects of practice, and that refugees, regardless of the “forced” nature of their migration, are active agents in this process.

This dissertation is an exploration of the creative spaces often opened up by exile and forced migration, where Southern Sudanese negotiate and perform new forms of belonging and affiliation, while simultaneously (re)producing, ‘local’ practices in order to reaffirm and solidify existing relationships and identity categories. Through my examination of the creative spaces opened up by migration and exile, I also raise questions related to broader concerns in the field of forced migration and refugee studies regarding the need to problematize the often binary distinction between forced and voluntary migrants, which often places refugees in a category stripped of agency and choice. Based on 20 months of multi-sited field work in Calgary, Canada and Juba, South Sudan and exploring issues related community organization and shifting forms of affiliation, long distance nation building, transnational marriage and return migration, this dissertation demonstrates how settling-in and place-making involve both material and moral aspects of practice, and that refugees, regardless of the “forced” nature of their migration, are active agents in this process.

German-speaking Mennonite people from Mexico are moving into Southern Alberta. They are mainly employed as farm labourers. Their low level of income makes it difficult to provide for the needs of their large families. Many also encounter difficulties because of their lack of English and literacy, unfamiliarity with Canadian ways and laws, and a lack of understanding and trust in the helping agencies and school system. By using the Participatory Action Research approach and te principles of Community Development, representatives of community health services were able to enter into a unique partnership with the Mennonite people to work toward meeting their identified needs. A family-centred approach was used, with special attention being given to cultural and religious traditions and values. Programs that were developed addressed the needs of the Mennonite people including English as a Second Language, literacy, nutrition, health, safety, dental, socialization, education, and German literacy for the children. A key finding of the research study was that a participatory action research approach did allow the Mennonite people in this study to find more effective ways of making the transition from life in Mexico to life in southern Alberta. Participants did take steps towards their goal of a better quality of life. As well, agency people found new ways of working with the Mennonite people and with each other. Finally, this study shows that as Mennonite people adapt to life in Canada changes do occur in their ways of interacting with each other and with the broader community. / vii, 167 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

Species that are introduced outside of their native ranges are an important threat to biodiversity. In southwestern Alberta, Canada, sport and bait fish have been introduced into most waterbodies. I examined the effects of introduced trout and minnows on the distribution, demography and behaviour of larval long-toed salamanders through a combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments and an outdoor mesocosm experiment. Results from field surveys at 30 high-elevation (>1500m) lakes confirmed previous studies showing an allopatic distribution of trout and long-toed salamanders. The same pattern was also documented at 27 low-elevation (<1500m) ponds. In a mesocosm experiment, salamander survival was significantly reduced in ponds containing trout or minnows. Surprisingly, larvae exposed to minnows were 28-65% smaller than larvae in control ponds, suggesting strong interspecific competition for zooplankton prey. In a series of laboratory studies, trout preyed directly on salamander hatchlings and larvae, whereas minnows injured hatchlings but did not consume them. In laboratory aquaria, salamander larvae spent significantly more time within a refuge when exposed to minnow cues, but showed no behavioural response to trout. This confirmed my expectation that long-toed salamanders lack specific behavioural responses to trout, but respond generally to disturbances within the water column. Thus, direct predation and a lack of specific antipredator behaviour are among the likely mechanisms responsible for the observed allopatic distribution of trout and long-toed salamanders. My data also show that gape-limited fish reduce growth and survival of salamanders, perhaps more so than trout, through mechanism such as competition and behavioural alteration. / ix, 76 leaves : ill., map ; 29 cm.

Building upon the ideas of decoupling and convergence, this thesis explores the structure of place-based community experience and levels of well-being for rural residents in southern Alberta. The research objectives are to: 1) measure and identify the experiential character of rural communities within the Behavioral, Cognitive and Affective Domains of community social life, and to understand the structure and complexity of this experience; 2) assess the aggregate differences in the intensity of these experiential structures by degree of rurality as represented by Metropolitan Influenced Zones (MIZs); and 3) model the extent to which these dimensions may account for differences in well-being. Sixteen unique dimensions of variation in rural community experience are identified – partially supporting convergence – and almost no differences are found in the intensity of these dimensions by degree of rurality (MIZs). The findings show a subset of experiential dimensions to be significant predictors of well-being in rural people. / x, 164 leaves ; 29 cm.

No description available.

No description available.

Focused procedures which streamline and optimise plant prioritisation and selection in bioprospecting have the potential to save both time and resources. A variety of semiquantitative techniques were assessed for their ability to prioritise ethnomedicinal taxa in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) region. These techniques were subsequently expanded upon for application in plant selection for the Novel Drug Development Platform bioprospecting programme. Least squares regression analyses were used to test the hypothesis that ethnomedicinal plant use in southern Africa is strictly random, i.e. no order or family contains significantly more medicinal plants, than any other order or family. This hypothesis was falsified revealing several 'hot' plant orders. The distribution of southern African ethnomedicinal taxa was investigated, and revealed low ethnomedicinal plant usage in the Western Cape and Northern Cape. The historical settlement of Bantu tribes in the eastern regions of southern Africa was one explanation for this discrepancy. Growth forms of ethnomedicinal taxa in 'hot' orders (identified in the regression analysis) were analysed. The results indicated no clear preferences across orders, but rather a preference for particular growth forms in certain orders. With respect to distribution, endemism and Red Data List status of ethnomedicinal taxa, the Western Cape had the greatest proportion of endemics and Namibia had the highest proportion of Red Data Listed ethnomedicinal taxa. With respect to chemotaxonomy, the Asteraceae contained the highest proportion of terpenoids, the Rubiaceae the highest proportion of alkaloids and the Fabaceae the highest proportion of flavonoids. The predictive value of regression analyses was tested against an existing analysis of anti-malarials and the subsequent in vitro bioassays on Plasmodium falciparum. In particular, the ability of these analyses to identify plants with anti plasmodial IC50 values of [less than or equal to] 10 [micro]g/ml was assessed. Most species in 'hot' genera showed comparatively good antiplasmodial activities (IC50 [less than or equal to] 10 [micro]g/ml). Plant candidates were prioritised for screening anti-tuberculosis, anti-diabetes and immune-modulatory compounds, using a weighting system based on; their ethnomedicinal application, chemotaxonomic potential, frequency in ethnomedicinal trade, association with the relative disease, toxicity, Red Data status, indigenous or endemic status, and family selection in ethnomedicine (identified through regression analyses). Other taxa were short-listed due to their presence in biodiversity hotspots where few ethnomedicinal plant use records are documented, and still others were incorporated due to their taxonomic association with efficacious exotic allies. Statistical analyses of the weighting processes employed were not possible in the absence of screening results which are due only in December 2006. The legislation governing bioprospecting in South Africa is discussed and several recommendations are presented to minimise negative impacts on the industry. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Natal, 1990.