Revised; Originally published: 10/2009 / 10 pp. / This publication presents reasons for pruning, and how and when to prune. Pruning recommendations of individual regional plants are provided and shrubs for formal and informal hedges are listed.

Project Competion Report, OWRT Project No. A-055-ARIZ / Donor Reference Number: 14-31-0001-5003 / Period of Investigation: July - August 1974 / The work upon which this report is based was supported by the United States Department of Interior, Office of Water Research and Technology, as authorized under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964. / The rapid expansion in the development of real estate lakes in the Southwest has produced a somewhat haphazard use of clay soils or clays in attempts to seal these lakes against seepage losses. This situation is further aggravated by the fact that very little basic information exists at present on the equilibrium and movement of water in a swelling clay soil, which is the type of natural lining material of direct relevance to seepage control. This report presents new results in the theory of swelling clay soils, including a description of the equilibrium moisture profile and the steady flow of water in a submerged, saturated, natural clay soil liner. The theory then is applied to develop an equation for the rate of seepage (the rate of lowering of the water surface) through a swelling liner in a real estate lake of simple trapezoidal configuration. This equation is compared to the standard results for the seepage rate, as calculated on the classical theory of water flow through non-swelling soils, and is applied to estimate the seepage rate from an experimental reservoir studied by Rollins and Dylla. The principal conclusions are: (a) that the major effect of swelling in the liner, except for very shallow lakes, is to cancel the contribution of gravity to the seepage rate, (b) that the most important factor determining seepage loss is likely to be the soil water tension in the pervious soil surrounding the lake and liner, and (c) that the seepage equation can provide a useful estimate of the rate of loss when the important geometric and soil water parameters for the lake, the liner, and the surrounding soil are available.

Drainage systems for the desert Southwest are currently designed without much consideration for the climatological or surficial conditions of the region. The "100 year" flood has become the design standard throughout the United States due to misunderstandings about requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program. The effect of larger floods is virtually ignored, seasonal variations of rainfall patterns and intensities are neglected, and hydrologic data collection is extremely limited in watersheds of the urbanizing Southwest. The laws of nature are obscured by the rules of man during the planning and design of desert drainageways. Procedures for extrapolating runoff records and estimating the magnitude of the 100-year flood, including the LP III probability density function, the NOAA Atlas, and HEC-1, have been widely adopted in the arid regions as part of local drainage regulations. Plans are normally not approved unless the basis of design complies with the regulations. Assumptions inherent in the methods are questionable and data to verify the assumptions are limited. Drainage design can be improved by using available field data and a simple method--based on the Rational Method--is developed. Benefit-cost analysis is a valuable tool for establishing project alternatives, project size, and cost/benefit allocation. An equitability index is defined for evaluating fairness, and it is combined with the benefit-cost ratio for refining and selecting project design. Estimates of flood peaks can be improved by considering channel abstractions as "negative base flow"; by recognizing the presence of the n-value paradox; by extending flood records through paleohydrologic study; by monitoring rainfall, runoff, and the effectiveness of design strategies in urban catchments; and by using more suitable rainfall estimates. Drainage design can be made more rational by also considering sediment transport; by including nonstructural design alternatives; and by evaluating a range of flood magnitudes, not just the 100-year flood. A conceptual drainage ordinance not based on the NFIP is presented.

Cao, Lida. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-141). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction: Background and Purpose of the Research --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Prostitution/sex work in China: Upsurge in an era of HIV/AIDS --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Rationale and significance of research --- p.4 / Chapter 3. --- Research framework --- p.5 / Chapter 4. --- Layout of thesis --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review: Female Sex Workers and Identity --- p.10 / Chapter 1. --- Multiple contexts locating sex workers' identities --- p.11 / Chapter 1) --- Medical discourse: identity as a byproduct of health researches on sex workers --- p.11 / Chapter 2) --- Work discourse: rising rofessionalism --- p.13 / Chapter 3) --- Gender talk: Female sex workers as women --- p.16 / Chapter 4) --- Identity conflicts & management: the arise of multiple identities --- p.18 / Chapter 2. --- Management of Stigma: Theories and empirical works --- p.21 / Chapter 3. --- A review of rostitution/sex work studies in China --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methodology --- p.31 / Chapter 1. --- Qualitative interviewing --- p.31 / Chapter 1) --- Nature and Distinctiveness --- p.32 / Chapter 2) --- Data production --- p.33 / Chapter 3) --- "The relationship, validity of data, and ethnic issues" --- p.34 / Chapter 4) --- Limitation and Weakness --- p.37 / Chapter 2. --- On-site research work --- p.38 / Chapter 1) --- Sampling --- p.39 / Chapter 2) --- Access and interview process --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- Analysis: Grounded theory approach --- p.42 / Chapter 1) --- Coding --- p.44 / Chapter 2) --- Memos --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- "Rethinking Stigma on Sex Workers: Experience, Consequences and Management" --- p.47 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter 1) --- Theoretical Framework --- p.49 / Chapter 2) --- Stigmatization of sex work in China --- p.50 / Chapter 2. --- The experience of stigmatization --- p.52 / Chapter 1) --- Role-based interaction --- p.53 / Chapter 2) --- Close interaction --- p.54 / Chapter 3) --- Casual encounters --- p.56 / Chapter 3. --- Consequences of stigmatization --- p.57 / Chapter 1) --- Depreciative self-reflection --- p.57 / Chapter 2) --- Distancing from the normal --- p.59 / Chapter 3) --- Psycho burden of disclosure --- p.60 / Chapter 4. --- Managing the Stigma --- p.61 / Chapter 1) --- Information management --- p.62 / Chapter 2) --- Normalization techniques --- p.65 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- "Exploring the “Work Identity"": Sex Workers' Identity Management in the World of Work" --- p.72 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter 1) --- "Workers, sex workers and migrant workers in China" --- p.75 / Chapter 2) --- Analytical Framework --- p.77 / Chapter 2. --- Sex work in the eyes of sex workers --- p.79 / Chapter 3. --- Managing relationships --- p.80 / Chapter 1) --- With clients --- p.80 / Chapter 2) --- With co-workers --- p.85 / Chapter 3) --- With bosses --- p.87 / Chapter 4. --- Managing the working self --- p.88 / Chapter 1) --- The health R --- p.88 / Chapter 2) --- The emotions --- p.90 / Chapter 5. --- Career Crisis and Planning Exit --- p.91 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.94 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- "“Being women"": Sex Workers' Gender Identity Construction" --- p.96 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.96 / Chapter 1) --- Theoretical framework --- p.99 / Chapter 2) --- Women' status in China --- p.101 / Chapter 2. --- Reflecting over being a woman --- p.103 / Chapter 1) --- Ideal woman imagination --- p.103 / Chapter 2) --- Ideal husband imagination --- p.105 / Chapter 3) --- Reflecting gender equality --- p.106 / Chapter 3. --- Doing gender within relations --- p.108 / Chapter 1) --- As daughters --- p.109 / Chapter 2) --- As wives --- p.112 / Chapter 3) --- As mothers --- p.116 / Chapter 4. --- The gendered self --- p.118 / Chapter 1) --- The body --- p.119 / Chapter 2) --- The soul --- p.120 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.122 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Bibliography --- p.129

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This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

This thesis reviews the anthropological approaches to the study of the ethnic minorities in Southwest China. It sets out to demonstrate the limitations engendered by studies focusing on the process of ethnicity and the relative absence of 'ordinary local peasants' (villagers not involved in the dialogue of ethnicity) in anthropological research of villages in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Furthermore, this paper reveals the need for in-depth local studies in order to understand the impact of ethnic tourism on local identity construction.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Vanderbilt University, 1933. / Published also without thesis note. Bibliography: p. [130]-144.

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The Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona is a peer-reviewed monograph series sponsored by the School of Anthropology. Established in 1959, the series publishes archaeological and ethnographic papers that use contemporary method and theory to investigate problems of anthropological importance in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and related areas.