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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Oncogenic enhancer reprogramming in triple negative breast cancer tumour progression

Michelatti, Daniela 27 January 2022 (has links)
Basal breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease whose unfavourable outcome is determined by a high risk of tumour relapse and metastasis formation. The potential of a cancer cell to adapt to foreign environments is favoured by oncogenic cell plasticity, which is supported by epigenetic reprogramming. It was previously demonstrated that MYC acts as an oncogenic reprogramming factor by inducing epigenetic rewiring at enhancers (Poli et al., 2018). This causes the activation of oncogenic pathways and pro-metastatic transcription factors such as SOX9, but scant pieces of evidence support a causal link between epigenetic alteration of oncogenic enhancers and cell plasticity. In the present work, we investigated the establishment of an alternative epigenetic program during tumorigenesis in a basal breast cancer xenograft derived model. We found that tumorigenic cells, primary tumour derived cells and metastasis derived cells showed intrinsically different phenotypic and epigenetic signatures, and that metastatic derived cells were characterized by the acquisition of pro-metastatic features, such as migration and invasion, that may increase their metastatic potential. Specifically, we provided data supporting the notion that changes of the chromatin landscape during tumour progression increased the responsiveness of cancer cells to environmental cues that they may encounter during dissemination and colonization of distant organs. We focused on investigating the role played by putative regulatory elements localized around the SOX9 locus, whose chromatin accessibility and interaction with the SOX9 promoter were increased in metastatic cells. We observed that SOX9 expression was responsive to the activation of the retinoic acid (ATRA) pathway, and our data suggests that this response may be strengthened by transcriptional memory priming SOX9 regulatory elements after a first exposure, so that the response is faster and more robust after the second one. SOX9 transcription modulation and ATRA response were also shown to be linked to the activation of a quiescence program specific of metastatic cells, which we hypothesise may favour cells during the dissemination steps of the metastatic cascade.
32

Der Einfluss der Wachstumsfaktoren TGF-b3 und EGF sowie des Matrixmoleküls Biglycan auf die Gene SOX9 und RUNX2 in chondrogenen Progenitorzellen / The influence of the growth factors tgf-b3 and egf and the matrix molecule biglycan on the genes sox9 and runx2 in chondrogenic progenitor cells

Schimmel, Stefan 22 September 2016 (has links)
Osteoarthritis (OA) ist eine chronische Erkrankung der Gelenke des menschlichen Körpers, insbesondere des Kniegelenkes. Sie ist durch entzündliche und degenerative Prozesse gekennzeichnet, die Patienten in ihrer Beweglichkeit stark einschränkt. In der komplexen Pathophysiologie kommt es unter anderem zu zellmorphologischen Veränderungen der knorpelbildenden Zellen, den Chondrozyten, und zu destruktiven Veränderungen der Knorpelmatrix. Bisherige therapeutische Ansätze bestehen in meist in einer rein symptomatischen Therapie durch Schmerzmittel sowie der operativen endoprothetischen Versorgung als Ultima Ratio. Eine kurative Therapie ist bisher nicht möglich. Einen Ansatz für eine kurative Therapie könnte eine Subpopulation der Zellen des Knorpelgewebes bieten. Chondrogene Progenitor Zellen (CPCs) stellen als Vorläuferzellen der Chondrozyten, gesteuert durch das prochondrogene Gen SOX9 und das proosteogene Gen RUNX2, einen möglichen regenerativen Ansatz in der Behandlung dar. Eine Rolle in diesem Prozess könnten die Wachstumsfaktoren TGF- β3 und EGF sowie das Matrixmolekül Biglycan darstellen. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese Wachstumsfaktoren, deren Rezeptoren und das Matrixmolekül Biglycan im osteoarthrischen Knorpel eine Rolle spielen. Insbesondere konnte in vitro gezeigt werden, dass CPCs unter dem Einfluss dieser Moleküle zu einer vermehrten SOX9 und verminderten RUNX2-Expression angeregt werden. Unter der Hypothese, dass sich CPCs auf diese Art zu Chondrozyten differenzieren lassen und so den Knorpel wiederherstellen, könnten diese Moleküle einen möglichen Baustein einer zukünftigen Therapie der OA darstellen.
33

Deciphering the genetics of pig complex traits through QTL mapping and positional candidate cloing / Entschlüsselung von komplexen Merkmalen beim Schwein unter Verwendung von QTL Kartierung und Kandidatengen-Klonierung

Ding, Nengshui 26 January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
34

Mechanical and Histological Characterization of Porcine Aortic Valves under Normal and Hypercholesterolemic Conditions

Sider, Krista 12 December 2013 (has links)
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity. While late-stage valve disease is well-described, there remains an unmet scientific need to elucidate early pathobiological processes. In CAVD, pathological differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and lesion formation occur focally in the fibrosa layer. This VIC pathological differentiation has been shown to be influenced by matrix stiffness in vitro. However, little is known about the focal layer specific mechanical properties of the aortic valve in health and disease and how these changes in matrix moduli may influence VIC pathological differentiation in vivo. In this thesis, micropipette aspiration (MA) was shown to be capable of measuring the mechanical properties of a single layer in multilayered biomaterial or tissue such as the aortic valve, if the pipette inner diameter was less than the top layer thickness. With MA, the fibrosa of normal porcine aortic valves was significantly stiffer than the ventricularis; stiffer locations found only within the fibrosa were comparable to stiffnesses shown in vitro to be permissive to VIC pathological differentiation. Early CAVD was induced in a porcine model, which developed human-like early CAVD lesion onlays. Extracellular matrix remodeling occurred in the absence of lipid deposition, macrophages, osteoblasts, or myofibroblasts, but with significant proteoglycan-rich onlays and chondrogenic cell presence. These early onlays were softer than the collagen-rich normal fibrosa, and their proteoglycan content was positively correlated with Sox9 chondrogenic expression, suggesting that soft proteoglycan-rich matrix may be permissive to chondrogenic VIC differentiation. The findings from this thesis shed new light on early disease pathogenesis and improve the fundamental understanding of aortic valve mechanics in health and disease.
35

Knockdown von Runx2 durch RNA-Interference in chondrogenen Progenitor-Zellen / Knockdown of Runx2 with RNA-interference in chondrogenic progenitor cells

Klein, Moritz 26 March 2014 (has links)
No description available.
36

Mechanical and Histological Characterization of Porcine Aortic Valves under Normal and Hypercholesterolemic Conditions

Sider, Krista 12 December 2013 (has links)
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity. While late-stage valve disease is well-described, there remains an unmet scientific need to elucidate early pathobiological processes. In CAVD, pathological differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and lesion formation occur focally in the fibrosa layer. This VIC pathological differentiation has been shown to be influenced by matrix stiffness in vitro. However, little is known about the focal layer specific mechanical properties of the aortic valve in health and disease and how these changes in matrix moduli may influence VIC pathological differentiation in vivo. In this thesis, micropipette aspiration (MA) was shown to be capable of measuring the mechanical properties of a single layer in multilayered biomaterial or tissue such as the aortic valve, if the pipette inner diameter was less than the top layer thickness. With MA, the fibrosa of normal porcine aortic valves was significantly stiffer than the ventricularis; stiffer locations found only within the fibrosa were comparable to stiffnesses shown in vitro to be permissive to VIC pathological differentiation. Early CAVD was induced in a porcine model, which developed human-like early CAVD lesion onlays. Extracellular matrix remodeling occurred in the absence of lipid deposition, macrophages, osteoblasts, or myofibroblasts, but with significant proteoglycan-rich onlays and chondrogenic cell presence. These early onlays were softer than the collagen-rich normal fibrosa, and their proteoglycan content was positively correlated with Sox9 chondrogenic expression, suggesting that soft proteoglycan-rich matrix may be permissive to chondrogenic VIC differentiation. The findings from this thesis shed new light on early disease pathogenesis and improve the fundamental understanding of aortic valve mechanics in health and disease.
37

Etude des marqueurs de différenciation testiculaire Sox9 et Amh lors d'un développement normal, d'une inversion sexuelle et d'un développement en absence de cellules germinales chez l'amphibien Pleurodeles waltl. Intérêt pour la physiologie comparée de la reproduction des vertébrés.

Al-Asaad, Imane 13 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Dans le contexte de la physiologie comparée de la reproduction, les amphibiens sont peu étudiés. Le travail réalisé durant cette thèse visait à analyser des marqueurs de différenciation testiculaire chez l'urodèle Pleurodeles waltl, dont le déterminisme génétique du sexe (ZZ/ZW) peut être influencé par la température. Nos études ont d'abord porté sur le gène sox9 marqueur de la différenciation testiculaire chez les vertébrés supérieurs. Le gène cloné chez le pleurodèle montre une bonne conservation par rapport aux autres vertébrés. Son expression plus élevée dans la gonade mâle n'apparaît que tardivement suggérant qu'il n'est probablement pas impliqué dans les stades précoces de la différenciation testiculaire. En outre, son expression dans le mésonéphros rend difficile son utilisation comme marqueur de différenciation testiculaire. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'Amh, hormone testiculaire impliquée dans la régression des canaux de Müller chez de nombreux vertébrés. Son expression spécifique de la gonade, précocement plus élevée chez les larves ZZ que les ZW, en fait un excellent marqueur de la différenciation testiculaire. Le fait que les pleurodèles mâles voient les canaux de Müller persister malgré la présence d'Amh suggère que la fonction primaire de cette hormone était en relation avec la différenciation gonadique et que la fonction de régression des canaux de Müller n'est apparue que secondairement au cours de l'évolution. Ces marqueurs ont été mis à profit pour caractériser le phénotype gonadique lors d'inversions sexuelles ou lors de développements en absence de cellules germinales. Ils ont permis de montrer que les cellules germinales ne semblent pas jouer de rôle dans la différenciation gonadique du pleurodèle.
38

Metalloprotease-dependent attenuation of BMP signaling restricts cardiac neural crest cell fate / メタロプロテアーゼ依存的BMPシグナル伝達の減衰は心臓神経堤細胞の細胞運命を制限する

Arai, Hiroyuki 23 January 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13301号 / 論医博第2190号 / 新制||医||1039(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 妻木 範行, 教授 木村 剛, 教授 影山 龍一郎 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
39

Association of gut luminal metabolites and allergic responses

Fallata, Ghaith Mohammed January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
40

A new experimental model to study bone and cartilage formation using a bioengineering approach

Quintana Frigola, Lluís 19 June 2009 (has links)
La medicina regenerativa és una disciplina que ha guanyat reconeixement en les últimes dècades pel fet que moltes malalties no són tractables amb fàrmacs convencionals. Molts grups de recerca i empreses inverteixen temps i diners en la producció de nous paradigmes per curar malalties com el Parkinson, l'artrosi o la regeneració de medul·la espinal. Aquestes propostes es basen en l'ús de teixits biomimètics per reparar òrgans danyats. En aquesta tesi es presenta un nou model experimental per estudiar la formació d'os i cartílag i eventualment la reparació d'aquests teixits. Hem utilitzat Fibroblasts Embriònics de Ratolí (MEFs) combinats amb diferents materials biomimètics per estudiar os i cartílag in vitro i in vivo. Aquests MEFs es van cultivar in vitro i in vivo en RAD16-I, un pèptid auto-ensamblable amb estructura similar a matrius extracel·lulars genèriques, amb l'objectiu d'estudiar l'evolució dels fibroblasts en aquestes dues condicions. També s'han recobert superficialment micropartícules de hidroxiapatita obtenint càrregues inorgàniques similars a l'os i biològicament actives per a utilitzar-les com a substituts d'os o cartílag. Amb la idea de millorar els recobriments superficials, hem desenvolupat una plataforma que permet dur a terme proves combinatòries amb factors de creixement i altres compostos biològicament actius. Cultius in vitro de MEFs han mostrat que quan fibroblasts embrionaris primaris de ratolí es cultiven en RAD16-I, estableixen una xarxa intercel·lular que causa una contracció cel·lular organitzada, proliferació i migració cel·lulars i culmina amb la formació d'una estructura bilateral i simètrica amb un eix central distingible. Durant aquest procés morfològic, augmenta l'expressió d'un grup de gens mesodèrmics (brachyury, Sox9, Sox5, Sox6, Runx2). L'expressió de brachyury està localitzada primer en l'eix de simetria central i després s'extén als dos costats de l'estructura. Per acabar, la formació espontània d'un teixit similar al del cartílag acompanya l'expressió de Sox9 i Runx2.L'estudi in vivo de MEFs es va fer gràcies a la tècnica de presa d'imatges no invasiva basada en bioluminiscència (BLI) que ha desenvolupat en el grup de recerca del dr. Jerónimo Blanco. Aquests experiments han mostrat que el RAD16-I és una matriu molt permissiva per a la supervivència i proliferació cel·lulars in vivo. A més, sembla que les pobres propietats mecàniques que té el RAD16-I no li suposen cap desavantatge en termes de creixement cel·lular in vivo. Finalment, hem desenvolupat diferents tipus de micropartícules de hidroxiapatita (HA) no recobertes, i recobertes mitjançant polimerització assistida per plasma. Els recobriments permeten afinar les propietats de la HA i produir partícules que satisfacin les necessitats de diferents aplicacions mèdiques en reparació d'os i cartílag. També hem desenvolupat un mètode per produir plataformes basades en plaques de 96 pous que permetin fer proves combinatòries amb compostos biològicament actius per vàries aplicacions en medicina regenerativa. En conclusió, hem aportat noves idees i eines que permetran trobar teixits regeneratius basats en l'ús de fibroblasts i materials biomimètics. / La medicina regenerativa es una disciplina que ha ganado reconocimiento en las últimas décadas porque muchas enfermedades no son tratables con fármacos convencionales. Muchos grupos de investigación y empresas invierten tiempo y dinero en la producción de nuevos paradigmas para curar enfermedades como el Parkinson, la artrosis o la regeneración de médula espinal. Estas propuestas se basan en el uso de tejidos biomiméticos para reparar órganos dañados. En esta tesis se presenta un nuevo modelo experimental para estudiar la formación de hueso y cartílago y tal vez la reparación de estos tejidos. Hemos utilizado Fibroblastos Embrionarios de Ratón (MEFs) combinados con diferentes materiales biomiméticos para estudiar hueso y cartílago in vitro e in vivo. Estos MEFs se cultivaron in vitro e in vivo en RAD16-I, un péptido auto-ensamblable con estructura similar a matrices extracelulares genéricas, con el objetivo de estudiar la evolución de los fibroblastos en estas dos condiciones. También se han recubierto superficialmente micropartículas de hidroxiapatita obteniendo cargas inorgánicas similares al hueso y biológicamente activas para utilizarlas como sustitutos de hueso o cartílago. Con la idea de mejorar los recubrimientos superficiales, hemos desarrollado una plataforma que permite llevar a cabo pruebas combinatorias con factores de crecimiento y otros compuestos biológicamente activos. Cultivos in vitro de MEFs han mostrado que cuando fibroblastos embrionarios primarios de ratón se cultivan en RAD16-I, establecen una red intercelular que causa una contracción celular organizada, proliferación y migración celulares y culmina con la formación de una estructura bilateral y simétrica con un eje central distinguible. Durante este proceso morfológico, aumenta la expresión de un grupo de genes mesodérmicos (brachyury, Sox9, Sox5, Sox6, Runx2). La expresión de brachyury está localizada primero en el eje de simetría central y después se extiende a los dos lados de la estructura. Para terminar, la formación espontánea de un tejido similar al del cartílago acompaña a la expresión de Sox9 y Runx2.El estudio in vivo de MEFs se hizo gracias a la técnica de toma de imágenes no invasiva basada en bioluminiscencia (BLI) que han desarrollado en el grupo de investigación del dr. Jerónimo Blanco. Estos experimentos han mostrado que el RAD16-I es una matriz muy permisiva para a la supervivencia y proliferación celulares in vivo. Además, parece que las pobres propiedades mecánicas que tiene el RAD16-I no le suponen ninguna desventaja en términos de crecimiento celular in vivo. Finalmente, hemos desarrollado diferentes tipos de micropartículas de hidroxiapatita (HA) no recubiertas, y recubiertas mediante polimerización asistida por plasma. Los recubrimientos permiten afinar las propiedades de la HA y producir partículas que satisfagan las necesidades de diferentes aplicaciones médicas en reparación de hueso y cartílago. También hemos desarrollado un método para producir plataformas basadas en placas de 96 pozos que permitan hacer pruebas combinatorias con compuestos biológicamente activos para varias aplicaciones en medicina regenerativa. En conclusión, hemos aportado nuevas ideas y herramientas que permitirán hallar tejidos regenerativos basados en el uso de fibroblastos y materiales biomiméticos. / Regenerative medicine is a discipline that has gained recognition in the last decades because many diseases are not treatable with traditional drugs. Many research groups and companies invest time and money in the production of new paradigms to cure conditions such as Parkinson's, arthrosis or spinal cord injuries. These approaches are based in the use of biomimetic tissues to replace damaged organs. In this work we present a new experimental model to study the formation of bone and cartilage and eventually to repair these tissues. We have used Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) combined with different biomimetic materials to study bone and cartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. MEFs have been cultured in vitro and in vivo in RAD16-I, a synthetic self-assembling peptide with structure similar to generic extracellular matrix milieu, to study the evolution of these fibroblasts in both conditions. Also, hydroxyapatite microparticles have been surface coated to produce biologically active bone-like inorganic charges for use in cartilage or bone substitutes. In order to improve the particles' coatings, we have developed a platform that allows us to perform combinatorial testing of growth factors and other biologically active compounds. In vitro cultures of MEFs has shown that when primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts are cultured in a soft nanofiber scaffold, they establish a cellular network that causes an organized cell contraction, proliferation, and migration that ends in the formation of a symmetrically bilateral structure with a distinct central axis. A subset of mesodermal genes (brachyury, Sox9, Sox5, Sox6, Runx2) is upregulated during this morphogenetic process. The expression of brachyury was localized first at the central axis, extending then to both sides of the structure. The spontaneous formation of cartilage-like tissue mainly at the paraxial zone followed the expression of Sox9 and Runx2.In vivo study of MEFs was facilitated by a non-invasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technique to detect luciferase-expressing cells, developed by Dr. Blanco's research group. These experiments showed that RAD16-I is a very permissive scaffold for cell survival and proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, it seems that the poor mechanical properties of RAD16-I are no disadvantage in terms of cell growth in vivo.Finally, we have developed different types of coated and uncoated hydroxyapatite (HA) microparticles by plasma polymerization. The coatings permit to tune the properties of HA and produce particles that suit the needs of different medical applications in bone and cartilage repair. Moreover, we have developed a method to produce platforms based on 96-well plates that allow the combinatorial testing of biologically active compounds for various applications in regenerative medicine. In conclusion, we have supplied new insights and tools that will enhance the finding of new regenerative tissues based on fibroblasts and biomimetic materials.

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