This was a study of physicians' narratives regarding their medical experiences with children with persistent medically unexplained physical illness. The goal was to better understand those attitudes and beliefs that are involved in the construction of meaning regarding the child's symptoms of illness or pain. The study also sought to learn more about physicians' early life experiences with health and illness and their potential to shape diagnostic thinking and treatment. Ten physician participants were interviewed using an open-ended, semistructured interview methodology. Interviews were analyzed using an alternative narrative approach described by Mishler (1986, 1991) to identify key themes within and across interviews for comparative analysis. The subjective experience and dynamic discourse between interviewer and participant were also analyzed (Mishler, 1991; Paget, 1983). Four key themes emerged: (1) the experience of certainty and uncertainty; (2) physician search for restitution; (3) the path to truth and the construction of the physician's illness narrative; and (4) the parallel anxiety between physician and parent. Findings suggested a "stages of training" model or developmental career theme associated with the ways in which physicians make meaning of persistent medically unexplained illness or pain in the child. Implications for diagnosis and treatment include the possibility that the nature of the relationship between physicians and parents-- particularly the ability to negotiate trust, intimacy, and power--may lead to a hidden and collaborative meaning making of symptoms that occurs in exclusion, of the child, Certain early life experiences of the physician may also be brought to bear in the medical encounter with parent and child. Physicians would benefit from training in neutrality and negotiation of therapeutic goals with parents of sick children, as well as training to enhance self-awareness and understanding of the ways in which alliances and conflicts with patients and parents may occur as a result of family of origin issues.

Главной целью работы является разработка методического пособия для обучения иностранных студентов аудированию аутентичных текстов на материале русских фильмов про спорт для уровней B2-C1 (второй и третий сертификационные уровни). В качестве материалов для разработки были взяты два фильма российского производства «Чемпионы» (2014, реж. А. Вакулов) и «Движение вверх» (2017, реж. А. Мегердичев). Для определения уровня сложности предъявляемых упражнений и объема изучаемого материала использовались Государственный Образовательный стандарт по русскому языку как иностранному второго и третьего уровней. В первой главе работы представлен теоретико-методологический обзор психолого-педагогической литературы, изучены классификации видов аудирования в отечественной и зарубежной методиках. Во второй главе разработана система поэтапной работы по аудированию в иностранной аудитории при просмотре спортивных фильмов. Разработка содержит 90 упражнений, которые соответствует дотекстовому, текстовому и послетекстовому этапу работы с фильмом. Каждый из этапов содержит задания как закрытого (единичный / множественный выбор, сопоставление), так и открытого типа (заполнение пропусков, перефразирование, компрессия текста и др.). Каждый этап предполагает работу с грамматическим и лексическим материалом. / The main purpose of the work is to develop a methodological guide for teaching foreign students to listen to authentic texts based on the material of Russian films about sports for levels B2-C1 (second and third certification levels). Two Russian-made films «Champions» (2014, directed by A. Vakulov) and «Upward Movement» (2017, directed by A. Megerdichev) were taken as materials for development. To determine the level of complexity of the exercises presented and the volume of the material studied, the State Educational Standard for Russian as a Foreign language of the second and third levels was used. In the first chapter of the work, a theoretical and methodological review of psychological and pedagogical literature is presented, classifications of types of listening in domestic and foreign methods are studied. In the second chapter, a system of step-by-step work on listening in a foreign audience when watching sports films is developed. The development contains 90 exercises that correspond to the pre-text, text and the post-text stage of working with the film. Each of the stages contains tasks of both closed (single / multiple choice, matching) and open type (filling in gaps, paraphrasing, text compression, etc.). Each stage involves working with grammatical and lexical material.