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It was the purpose of this present investigation to display the tentative relationships between self-actualization and sociometric status of adolescent school students. In light of the theoretical and related literature presented, the following hypotheses were posited: 1) students who are high sociometrically will evidence higher personal orientation inventory (POI) means than the middle or low groups on more positive POI scales and 2) students who are low or middle sociometrically will evidence higher POI means than the high group on the major negative POI scales.

The problem of this study concerned the sociometric status of learning disability (LD) and normal children in the classroom. More specifically, the degree of cross choosing between LD and normal children was compared for three different teaching models.

MSc (Med), Population-Based Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009 / Introduction: Although socioeconomic inequality in health and mortality is currently on the top of the epidemiologic debate, studies however on the subject among adult population in Africa has been hampered due to the long absence of data in many countries. With the present reliable records of deaths from emerged demographic surveillance systems on the continent, adult mortality can now be accurately estimated. Objectives: The study‟s main objectives were 1. To calculate and show trend in adult mortality rate in ACDIS between 2001 and 2007. 2. To measure the association between mortality and individual‟s socio-economic status in the ACDIS. Methods: Individuals were selected based on age (15-64 yrs) and residency (Resident in the DSA on 1st January 2001). The total number of adults who met the criteria was 33,677; out of whom 4,058 died during the seven years follow up period. Mortality rates were computed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates expressed per 1000 PYO. Household wealth index was constructed by use of PCA. The association between SES and adult mortality was assessed using Cox proportional Hazard model controlling for potential confounders such as age, sex and marital status. Results: The High group of the socioeconomic quintile had the highest mortality rate of 22.2 per 1000 PYO, 95% CI (20.7 - 23.7). There was no significant trend in the rates among the SES groups. After adjusting for the potential confounders; the effect of socioeconomic status in the highest SES category was 0.10 times less likelihood for death compared to the lowest SES group [HR=0.90, p=0.042, 95% CI (0.81 - 0.99)]. Conclusion: This study revealed that adult socioeconomic status is not significantly associated with adult mortality. Reducing the gap between the rich and the poor might not be the effective way in reducing adult mortality.

MSc (Med), Bioethics and Health Law, Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009 / Disclosure of HIV status has been considered an important public health issue for some 20 years. Yet the ethical issues surrounding the disclosure of positive HIV status have not been examined comprehensively. This report examines the ethics behind the disclosure of HIV-positive status primarily or individuals to their sex partners, and for health care practitioners to a patient’s sex partner when the patient is unwilling to disclose. Relevant rights and ethical principles are analysed, including the rights to: self-preservation; privacy and confidentiality; and the bioethical principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Historic and contemporary individual rights that people living with HIV (PLHIV) have regarding disclosure are emphasised, especially in adverse circumstances, where ethics can support non-disclosure based on the right to selfpreservation. Rights declarations and current disclosure guidelines for health care practitioners from several international and South Africa medical organisations also are reviewed. Of key importance to disclosure decisions are the specific situations of individuals in climates rife with stigma toward, and discrimination against, PLHIV, existing more or less worldwide. The potential negative impacts of disclosure are the basis for disclosure decisions of PLHIV. Research study results show that the negative impacts of disclosure can be severe for individuals, ranging from divorce or abandonment to community ostracism and even to murder. Relevant current theories of social justice related to HIV disclosure also are discussed. A conclusion is reached that, by decreasing stigma and discrimination against PLHIV and protecting individual rights related to HIV disclosure, prevention behaviours will be practised more widely, including ‘positive prevention’ by PLHIV and higher rates of disclosure. The eventual result will be the longterm public health goal of decreased spread of HIV.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.