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New Heuristics for Planning with Action CostsKeyder, Emil Ragip 17 December 2010 (has links)
Classical planning is the problem of nding a sequence of actions that take
an agent from an initial state to a desired goal situation, assuming deter-
ministic outcomes for actions and perfect information. Satis cing planning
seeks to quickly nd low-cost solutions with no guarantees of optimality. The
most e ective approach for satis cing planning has proved to be heuristic
search using non-admissible heuristics. In this thesis, we introduce several
such heuristics that are able to take into account costs on actions, and there-
fore try to minimize the more general metric of cost, rather than length, of
plans, and investigate their properties and performance. In addition, we show
how the problem of planning with soft goals can be compiled into a classical
planning problem with costs, a setting in which cost-sensitive heuristics such
as those presented here are essential. / La plani caci on cl asica es el problema que consiste en hallar una secuencia de
acciones que lleven a un agente desde un estado inicial a un objetivo, asum-
iendo resultados determin sticos e informaci on completa. La plani caci on
\satis cing" busca encontrar una soluci on de bajo coste, sin garant as de op-
timalidad. La b usqueda heur stica guiada por heur sticas no admisibles es el
enfoque que ha tenido mas exito. Esta tesis presenta varias heur sticas de
ese g enero que consideran costes en las acciones, y por lo tanto encuentran
soluciones que minimizan el coste, en lugar de la longitud del plan. Adem as,
demostramos que el problema de plani caci on con \soft goals", u objetivos
opcionales, se puede reducir a un problema de plani caci on clasica con costes
en las acciones, escenario en el que heur sticas sensibles a costes, tal como las
aqu presentadas, son esenciales.
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Carl Friedrich Geiser and Ferdinand Rudio : the men behind the first International Congress of MathematiciansEminger, Stefanie Ursula January 2015 (has links)
The first International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) was held in Zurich in 1897, setting the standards for all future ICMs. Whilst giving an overview of the congress itself, this thesis focuses on the Swiss organisers, who were predominantly university professors and secondary school teachers. As this thesis aims to offer some insight into their lives, it includes their biographies, highlighting their individual contributions to the congress. Furthermore, it explains why Zurich was chosen as the first host city and how the committee proceeded with the congress organisation. Two of the main organisers were the Swiss geometers Carl Friedrich Geiser (1843-1934) and Ferdinand Rudio (1856-1929). In addition to the congress, they also made valuable contributions to mathematical education, and in Rudio's case, the history of mathematics. Therefore, this thesis focuses primarily on these two mathematicians. As for Geiser, the relationship to his great-uncle Jakob Steiner is explained in more detail. Furthermore, his contributions to the administration of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology are summarised. Due to the overarching theme of mathematical education and collaborations in this thesis, Geiser's schoolbook "Einleitung in die synthetische Geometrie" is considered in more detail and Geiser's methods are highlighted. A selection of Rudio's contributions to the history of mathematics is studied as well. His book "Archimedes, Huygens, Lambert, Legendre" is analysed and compared to E W Hobson's treatise "Squaring the Circle". Furthermore, Rudio's papers relating to the commentary of Simplicius on quadratures by Antiphon and Hippocrates are considered, focusing on Rudio's translation of the commentary and on "Die Möndchen des Hippokrates". The thesis concludes with an analysis of Rudio's popular lectures "Leonhard Euler" and "Über den Antheil der mathematischen Wissenschaften an der Kultur der Renaissance", which are prime examples of his approach to the history of mathematics.
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