This master thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of carpometacarpal (CMC) thumb joint. It is a preliminary study, which was not analysed on BUT Mechanical and biomechanical institute yet. There is a comparative stress-strain analysis of CMC with applied total endoprosthesis and physiological condition. The model of geometry was created based on CT images and processed with using software Catia and Solidworks. The problem was solved in numerical FEM (finite element method) in software Ansys 13.0

This thesis focuses on creating of a computational model for stress-strain analysis of parts of a generator. Computational model is parametric and it allows use of various geometric variants of the shaft and rotor lamination. Parametric computational model in APLD language is compiled in the attached sheet of software MS Excel after entering input values. After solving in software ANSYS 14.5 are results imported into MS Excel sheet for further post processing.

This thesis describes design of new circumferential blade attachment on last grade of steam turbine and following stress-strain analysis by FEM with static and cyclic loading. It was created two new design of geometry, which were created based on existing and operating constructional solution of oblique double T blade attachment. It was made stress-strain FEM analysis on original design of blades. Its results served to realize change of construction. Their target was increase load capacity and service life of new types of blade attachment.

This study deals with the mechanical aspects of human mandible in physiological state during the occlusion. The work is focused on evaluation of stress-strain conditions of bone tissue. The emphasis is paid to the interaction of teeth with the bone. In addition, contact pres-sures in temporomandibular joints during various loading conditions were determined. The analysis of material model of some parts of the system regarding their modelling-level is pre-sented as well. The problem concerning the evaluation of stress-strain states is solved by computational simulation using the finite element method. The presented work is a detailed analysis of the parts of the masticatory system and a thorough description of their modelling is presented. Special focus is paid to modelling of cancellous bone as well as of periodontal tissue which mediates the interaction between a tooth and the alveolar bone. Three-dimensional geometry of the mandible and all its teeth has been obtained by using the digitizing of real objects, namely by using of three-dimensional optical scanner. Three various modelling levels of the material of periodontium are assessed: Linear iso-tropic model, bilinear isotropic model and linear orthotropic model. Characteristics of these models are analyzed and especially nine new constants describing orthotropic model (which is almost absent in the literature) are proposed. Two-dimensional models are used for analysis of differencies in mechanical response of cancellous bone to the tooth loading. Two cases are considered: Cancellous bone as a ho-mogenous continuous model on one hand and with detailed trabeculous architecture model on the other. Computational model is divided into four basic cases varying in level of masticatory appa-ratus geometry: A – 2D geometry of bone; B – 3D geometry of bone segment with one tooth through three teeth; C – 3D geometry of whole mandible with the only tooth; D – 3D geome-try of whole mandible with all teeth. All basic cases are further researched in different varia-tions for different material models etc.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to design a new shape of the draft tube, which will be easier to manufacture while maintaining good strength and hydraulic properties. First part of this thesis is devoted to the formulation of the problem, description of the swirl turbine, principle of operation, the basic variants of arrangement, also the function of the draft tube, its efficiency and other formulas. In the second part of this thesis is a CFD and strength analysis of the original design, also a new design is proposed and the possibility of optimization using ANSYS Fluent Adjoint solver.

This thesis describes selection and shows calibration of material model, capable of describing cyclic softening of material. Stress-strain FEM analysis of circumferential blade attachment for last section of rotor blades of steam turbine is performed, expected lifetime of existing attachment is evaluated. Multi-parameter optimization of new-shape attachment was done, resulting in dimensions for new-shape attachment with longer lifetime. Improvements in strain amount in comparison with existing attachment were evaluated and possible RPM increase of turbine with new attachment type was calculated.

This doctoral thesis is focused on comparative stress strain analysis of a spinal segment with a malleable fixation device and a physiologic spinal segment. In its opening a research study from available sources is carried out. It covers the contemporary state of scientific studies in the given area, anatomy of individual components of the spine, material properties, ways and magnitudes of loadings and also the most common FE model used in similar problems solved. To create a model of geometry of a spinal segment CT scans of a spinal segment of a 38-year-old woman are used. Then they are subsequently used in the modeling software SolidWorks to create the model of geometry of two lumbar vertebras L4 - L5 and a malleable fixation device. Using the computational system ANSYS Workbench, the complete computational model of the spinal motional segment with a malleable fixation device is compiled, covering models of material, loading and bonds. On the basis of the computational solution of FEM models for different ways of loading, a stress-strain analysis is performed. To compare obtained results a detailed comparative analysis with the physiological spinal segment, the segment with the degenerated disc and the segment with applied "rigid" fixation device is carried out. Within the stress strain analysis of the spinal segment with malleable fixation device, an analysis of the magnitude of the strain intensity of spongious bone tissue around the implanted transpedicular screw, depending on the cord pretension of the malleable fixation device, is performed.

<p>  </p> <p>Understanding the mechanical properties of peripheral nerves is essential for chronically implanted device design. The work in this thesis aimed to understand the relationship between local deformation responses to global strain changes in peripheral nerves. A custom-built mechanical testing rig and sample holder enabled an improved cyclical uniaxial tensile testing environment on rabbit sciatic nerves (N=5). A speckle was placed on the surface of the nerve and recorded with a microscope camera to track local deformations. The development of a semi-automated digital image processing algorithm systematically measured local speckle dimension and nerve diameter changes. Combined with the measured force response, local and global strain values constructed a stress-strain relationship and corresponding elastic modulus. Preliminary exploration of models such as Fung and 2-Term Mooney-Rivlin confirmed the hyperelastic nature of the nerve. The results of strain analysis show that, on average, local strain levels were approximately five times smaller than globally measured strains; however, the relationship was dependent on global strain magnitude. Elastic modulus values corresponding to ~9% global strains were 2.070 ± 1.020 MPa globally and 10.15 ± 4 MPa locally. Elastic modulus values corresponding to ~6% global strains were 0.173 ± 0.091 MPa globally and 1.030 ± 0.532 MPa locally.   </p>

Στην παρούσα Μεταπτυχιακή Διατριβή αναλύονται τα παραμορφωτικά και συστασιακά (πετρογραφικά - ορυκτοχημικά) χαρακτηριστικά μυλωνιτιωμένων λιθολογιών από την πλαστική ζώνη διάτμησης του Φελλού (Βορειοδυτική Άνδρος). Η ζώνη διάτμησης του Φελλού είναι μια μεσοσκοπικής κλίμακας δομή, ΒΒΑ διεύθυνσης, με δομικό πάχος της τάξεως των 200 μέτρων. Το κεντρικό τμήμα της ζώνης διάτμησης φιλοξενείται σε μετα-πηλιτικές λιθολογίες και οριοθετείται από έντονα παραμορφωμένα μετα-υπερβασικά και μετα-βασικά λιθολογικά σώματα. Οι μυλωνιτιωμένες λιθολογίες της ζώνης διάτμησης χαρακτηρίζονται σαν S έως S – L τεκτονίτες. Η τεκτονική χαρτογράφηση στην περιοχή μελέτης αποκάλυψε ότι η μυλωνιτική ζώνη αναπτύχθηκε υπο-παράλληλα με το αξονικό επίπεδο ενός ήπια κεκλιμένου συγκλινοειδούς το οποίο έχει υποστεί καθολικό μετασχηματισμό. Οι ρεολογικές αντιθέσεις μεταξύ του πυρήνα της ζώνης διάτμησης και των περιθωρίων της σε συνδυασμό το τεκτονικό περιβάλλον ενός μετασχηματισμένου συγκλινοειδούς έχουν συμβάλλει στον εντοπισμό της παραμόρφωσης στην θέση ανάπτυξης της ζώνης διάτμησης. Σε χαρτογραφική κλίμακα ο προσανατολισμός των γραμμώσεων έκτασης μεταβάλλεται από ΝΝΔ , παράλληλα στη διεύθυνση της ζώνης διάτμησης, σε ΔΒΔ διεύθυνση βύθισης. Η μεταβολή στον προσανατολισμό των γραμμώσεων έκτασης δείχνει ότι η διεύθυνση κίνησης εντός της ζώνης διάτμησης διαμερίζεται χωρικά σε συνιστώσες κίνησης παράλληλα και κάθετα στην παράταξη της μυλωνιτικής φολίωσης. Ο κινηματικός διαμερισμός στην πλαστική ζώνη διάτμησης του Φελλού είναι χαρακτηριστικό γνώρισμα ζωνών διάτμησης πλάγιας συστολής. Ο κινηματικός διαμερισμός που αναγνωρίστηκε, ερευνήθηκε περαιτέρω με την εξέταση της χωρικής κατανομής των κρυσταλλογραφικών αξόνων [c] του χαλαζία, από δείγματα χαλαζιακών φλεβών και χαλαζιακών μυλωνιτών, προσανατολισμένα παράλληλα στη μυλωνιτική φολίωση και κάθετα στη γράμμωση έκτασης (ΧΖ επίπεδο ελλειψοειδούς παραμόρφωσης). Τα ιστολογικά διαγράμματα [c] αξόνων χαλαζία παρουσιάζουν μεταβολές στην τοπολογία τους σε διαφορετικά δομικά επίπεδα της ζώνης διάτμησης και διακριτές διαφορές με τα πρότυπα κρυσταλλογραφικά διαγράμματα [c] αξόνων μονοκλινικής συμμετρίας. Διακριτό χαρακτηριστικό , ειδικά για τα ανώτερα δομικά επίπεδα της ζώνης διάτμησης, είναι η εστίαση των [c] αξόνων σε σημειακά μέγιστα που προβάλλονται σε περιφερειακές θέσεις των κρυσταλλογραφικών διαγραμμάτων. Η βάση , δομικά, της ζώνης διάτμησης βρίσκεται στην ρεολογική διεπιφάνεια μετα-πηλιτών – μετα-βασιτών. Στην επαφή αυτή, ιστολογικά διαγράμματα από γειτονικά δείγματα χαλαζιακών φλεβών παρουσιάζουν συστηματικά διαγράμματα τύπου μικρών κύκλων. Η συστηματικότητα αυτή υποδηλώνει εντοπισμό της γεωμετρίας της παραμόρφωσης στην λιθολογική επαφή των μετα-πηλιτών - μετα-βασίτων. Η ποσοτική ανάλυση της παραμόρφωσης έδειξε ότι η παράμετρος Rxz μεταβάλλεται από 2.1 έως 6.45 ενώ η παράμετρος Flinn κυμαίνεται από 0.01 έως 0.93, υποστηρίζοντας και ποσοτικά ότι η γεωμετρία της παραμόρφωσης ανήκει στο πεδίο της πλάτυνσης. Η γεωμετρία της παραμόρφωσης στο πεδίο της πλάτυνσης είναι ένα επιπλέον διαγνωστικό χαρακτηριστικό των ζωνών διάτμησης πλάγιας συστολής. Η πετρογραφικη εξέταση μυλωνιτιωμένων λιθολογιών εστίασε στην αναγνώριση ζωνωμένων ορυκτών φάσεων με σκοπό την στοιχειοθέτηση των ορυκτοχημικών χαρακτηριστικών τους. Η πετρογραφική εξέταση δειγμάτων από μια επιφανειακή εμφάνιση μεταβασιτών από την βάση της μυλωνιτικής ζώνης συνέβαλλε στην αναγνώριση, σε κλίμακα λεπτής τομής, δύο λιθολογικών τύπων οι οποίοι είναι (α) Γρανατούχος – γλαυκοφανιτικός σχιστόλιθος και (β) Επιδοτιτικός - γλαυκοφανιτικός σχιστόλιθος. Η ορυκτοχημεία ζωνωμένων γρανατών και αμφιβόλων από τους δύο λιθολογικούς τύπους εξετάστηκε μέσω SEM/EDS.Η ορυκτοχημική ανάλυση οδήγησε στην αναγνώριση τριών τύπων ζώνωσης στις αμφιβόλους με τα εξής χαρακτηριστικά (α) Σκούροι πράσινοι πυρήνες σιδηρο-Κεροστίλβης με κροσσιτικά περιθώρια (β) Παλίνδρομη ζώνωση μεταξύ μπλε (σιδηρο-Γλαυκοφανής) και πράσινων αμφιβόλων (σιδηρο-Βαρροϊσίτης) και (γ) Απομονωμένοι κρύσταλλοι με κροσσιτικούς πυρήνες και ριβεκιτικά περιθώρια. Τα περιθώρια των ζωνωμένων γρανατών που εξετάστηκαν βρίσκονται σε ιστολογική ισορροπία με μπλέ αμφιβόλους, το γεγονός αυτό σε συνδυασμό με τα ορυκτοχημικά πειστήρια της κλασμάτωσης του μαγγανιου στους πυρήνες αποδεικνύει ότι η βλάστηση των γρανατών συνέβη σε αυξανόμενες συνθήκες πίεσης και θερμοκρασίας κατά την διάρκεια του υψηλής πίεσης μεταμορφικού γεγονότος. / The subject of the present contribution is the analysis of deformation in the Fellos ductile shear zone, which crops out in the island of Andros. Fellos shear zone (FSZ) is an outcrop scale NNE –striking structure with a total structural thickness of, approximately, 200 m. The central main domain of the shear zone is defined by mylonitized metapelitic rocks, bounded by strongly deformed meta-basic and meta–ultrabasic rocks both on top and bottom. Mylonitic rocks in the shear zone can be classified as S to S – L tectonites. Structural mapping revealed that the Fellos shear zone resulted from the complete transposition of a gently inclined synform the axial plane of which is orientated sub – parallel to the mylonitic foliation. The rheological contrasts between the core of the shear zone and its margins in conjunction with the structural framework of a transposed synform are first order influences to the localization of deformation. The map scale pattern of the stretching lineations in the shear zone shows that the lineation swings from a NNE orientation, trending parallel to the strike of the shear zone, to an ESE orientation. This variation shows that transport orientation in the shear zone is spatially partitioned into strike parallel and strike normal movements. This kinematic partitioning in the Fellos shear zone is a characteristic feature of transpressional high strain shear zones. The recognized partitioning was further investigated by examining the pattern of quartz [c]-axes fabrics in quartz veins oriented parallel to the mylonitic foliation as well as in quartz –rich mylonites. Quartz [c] axes fabric diagrams shows variations in their topology at different structural levels of the shear zone and distinct differences with the [c] axes patterns of monoclinic strain symmetry. Distinct feature, especially at the uppermost structural levels of the shear zone, is the point maxima clustering of the [c] axes in peripheral position of the crystallographic diagrams. At the base of the shear zone, in the rheological interface of metapelites with metabasites, the fabric diagrams from neighboring quartz vein specimens shows consistently small circle girdle pattern. This observation denotes localization in the geometry of deformation (flattening) at this lithological contact. Finite strain analysis shows that Rxz varies from 2.1 to 6.45, while the Flinn parameter range between 0.01 and 0.93, supporting quantitatively the flattening geometry of strain. Flattening strain is another diagnostic criterion of transpressional shear zones. The means to constrain the compositional features of the mylonitic rocks was mineral chemistry and petrologic analysis. Petrographic examination, specifically, of a metabasite outcrop from the base of the shear zone revealed, in thin section scale, two lithologic types : (a) Garnet blueschist and (b) Epidote blueschist. The mineral chemistry of zoned garnets and amphiboles from these petrographic types has been examined using SEM/EDS. The microchemical analysis revealed three different zoning patterns in the amphiboles which are characterized by (a) dark green Ferro – hornblende cores with crossite rims (b) Amphiboles with compositional zoning and alternations of blue (Ferro – glaucophane) and green amphiboles (Ferro – barroisite) and (c) Isolated grains with crossite cores and riebeckite rims. Compositional mapping of zoned garnets witnessed fractionation of manganese to the cores, which is the Prima facie evidence of growth zoning. In addition, the almandine rims of the zoned garnets are in textural equilibrium with blue amphiboles, observation which implies that these garnets nucleated during the HP event.

This master thesis deals with computational stress-strain analysis of the tailskid of airplane L410 NG with main focus firstly the check current design of the tailskid and then the design another design solution with the able to absorb as much as possible the deformation energy. Solution of this problem is performed using computational modeling utilizing numerical simulation of quasi-static and crash deformation load of the tailskid with using explicit Finite Element Method (FEM) in program ABAQUS v6.14. After the introduction with problem situation and tailskid assembly introductory part is devoted to the research study of various designs of the tailskid for different types of airplanes. There follows these theoretical general principles of thin-walled structures and buckling of them. Before the creating of the computational model itself, the explicit form of the Finite Element Method is better described. The conclusion of this thesis deals with the mutual comparison of the most advantageous design variants of the tailskid and the selection of the most suitable one of them for the airplane L410 NG.