霍婉雯. / "二〇〇八年七月". / "2008 nian 7 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-175). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Huo Wanwen. / 中文提要 --- p.I / 英文提要 --- p.II / 目錄 --- p.III / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章´Ø --- 《孔子家語》槪述 --- p.2 / Chapter 第一節´Ø --- 《孔子家語》的流傳 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二節´Ø --- 《孔子家語》版本及硏究綜述 --- p.4 / Chapter 第三節´Ø --- 《孔子家語》版本問題 --- p.10 / Chapter 第四節´Ø --- 《孔子家語》〈序〉考 --- p.16 / Chapter 第五節´Ø --- 《孔子家語》與出土文獻的關係 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二章´Ø --- 《孔子家語》與傳世文獻比較 --- p.36 / Chapter 第一節´Ø --- 《家語》內容有所增益 --- p.36 / Chapter 第二節´Ø --- 《家語》內容有所删減 --- p.56 / Chapter 第三節´Ø --- 《孔子家語》內容有所改易 --- p.68 / Chapter 第四節´Ø --- 總結 --- p.81 / Chapter 第三章´Ø --- 《家語》編裁的目的 --- p.82 / Chapter 第一節´Ø --- 提升孔子形象 --- p.83 / Chapter 第二節´Ø --- 推尊儒家賢者 --- p.107 / Chapter 第三節´Ø --- 統一槪念用語´ؤ´ؤ以五儀爲例 --- p.116 / Chapter 第四節´Ø --- 闡述其經學思想´ؤ´ؤ以禮學爲例 --- p.142 / Chapter 第五節´Ø --- 符合篇章主旨 --- p.154 / Chapter 第六節´Ø --- 總結 --- p.159 / Chapter 第四章´Ø --- 王肅與《家語》的關係 --- p.160 / Chapter 第一節´Ø --- 論王肅《家語注》難鄭說 --- p.161 / Chapter 第二節´Ø --- 王肅《家語注》校勘《家語》考 --- p.163 / Chapter 第五章´Ø --- 總結 --- p.169 / 參考書目 --- p.171

Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] is a twelve zinc-finger (ZF), DNA binding transcription factor. Su(Hw) has been well characterized as critical component of the gypsy insulator complex, required for the enhancer blocking and the barrier activity of the insulator. In addition to gypsy, Su(Hw) localizes to ~3,000 binding sites in the Drosophila genome, with association to a subset of sites required for female germline development. Loss of Su(Hw) results in activation of a developmental checkpoint and apoptosis at mid- oogenesis, with a critical role during oogenesis in down-regulation of neural genes. Studies of Su(Hw) function have identified transcriptional activator, repressor and insulator roles at distinct binding sites. Current investigations aim to understand the factors that dictate the regulatory output of Su(Hw) at individual sites in the Drosophila genome, with a focus on the ZF domain. A genetic screen was completed to generate novel mutations in su(Hw). After screening more than 8,000 mutagenized chromosomes, we identified four new su(Hw) alleles, including two deletion mutations and two amino acid substitutions disrupting individual ZFs (ZF4 and ZF8). Studies of the ZF4 mutant, Su(Hw)M4M393, revealed that Su(Hw) requires this ZF for female fertility, but notgypsy insulator function. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the Su(Hw) ZF domain, we generated Su(Hw) mutant proteins carrying disruptions in individual ZFs. Analyses utilizing these proteins have defined the requirement for each ZF in DNA association in vitro. To complement extant ZF alleles, Su(Hw) ZF mutants were expressed in vivo. Analyses of these mutants established how each ZF contributes to SBS occupancy, gypsy insulator function and female fertility. Gene expression and ChIP analyses suggest that some Su(Hw) ZFs may execute roles apart from direct DNA recognition. Genome-wide binding analyses of Su(Hw)M4M393, combined with previous studies, found that the SBS binding motif contains three DNA sequence cores (termed upstream, central and downstream). Analyses of these sequence cores in combination with Su(Hw) ZF mutants have outlined which ZFs associate with each core. Interestingly, the class containing all three sequence cores represents high occupancy SBSs that are enriched for protein factors from functional classes including transcriptional repression, nucleosome remodeling and DNA replication. The class containing the upstream and central core correlates with insulator function, while the class containing the central and downstream cores correlates with activation or repression of Su(Hw) target genes. Finally, in vitro studies of Su(Hw) ZF mutants revealed a DNA bound conformation distinct from wild type Su(Hw). Su(Hw) is a versatile transcription factor able to act as an insulator, activator and repressor. Analyses of SBSs with these functions suggest that DNA sequence, ZF usage, protein partnership and Su(Hw) conformation, combine to dictate regulatory output. Together, these studies provide insight into how discrete ZFs contribute to the roles of a multifunctional, polydactyl transcription factor.

The Drosophila Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] protein is a multi-zinc finger DNA binding factor required for the gypsy insulator function. At the gypsy element, Su(Hw) recruits partners Centrosomal Protein of 190 kD (CP190) and Modifier of mdg4 67.2 kD isoform (Mod67.2), which facilitate the enhancer blocking and barrier functions of the insulator. Our genome-wide studies have identified thousands of endogenous non-gypsy Su(Hw) binding sites (SBSs) in Drosophila genome, constitutively occupied throughout development. Yet, only a third of SBSs associate with CP190 and Mod67.2, suggesting that the endogenous function of Su(Hw) may not necessarily involve formation of a gypsy-like chromatin insulator. To understand the function of endogenous SBSs, we investigated the requirement for Su(Hw) during female germline development. To this end, we performed genome-wide transcriptional analyses in su(Hw) mutant ovaries coupled with the genome-wide definition of ovary SBSs. We identified 49 direct targets of Su(Hw) regulation in the ovary, with 80% of these genes showing increased RNA accumulation when Su(Hw) is lost. Derepressed Su(Hw) targets are normally highly expressed in central nervous system, suggesting that Su(Hw) has a critical role in silencing neural genes in the non-neural tissues. We find that a single upregulated target gene is largely responsible for the female sterility of the su(Hw) mutants. This gene encodes an elav family factor RNA binding protein 9 (Rbp9), and Su(Hw)-mediated repression of Rbp9 is required at a specific stage of germline development. Decreasing the levels of Rbp9 restores female fertility of su(Hw) null mutants. Further, we demonstrate that Su(Hw) is required for transcriptional activation of pointed, gene involved in eggshell patterning during late embryogenesis. Importantly, both CP190 and Mod67.2 are dispensable for Rbp9 regulation, indicating that mechanism of Rbp9 repression is independent of the insulator function of Su(Hw). Our studies extend the known transcriptional activities of Su(Hw), indicating that it can function as an insulator, activator and repressor, the latter function being essential for oogenesis. These findings highlight that insulator proteins are versatile transcriptional regulators, suggesting that tissue specific contributions to transcription result from direct regulation of individual genes.

In this thesis, we study the Fisher's zeros in lattice gauge theory. The analysis of singularities in the complex coupling plane is an important tool to understand the critical phenomena of statistical models. The Fisher's zero structure characterizes the scaling properties of the underlying models and has a strong influence on the complex renormalization group transformation flows in the region away from both the strong and weak coupling regimes. By reconstructing the density of states, we try to develop a systematical method to investigate these singularities and we apply the method to SU(2) and U(1) lattice gauge models with a Wilson action in the fundamental representation. We first take the perturbative approach. By using the saddle point approximation, we construct the series expansions of the density of states in both of the strong and weak regimes from the strong and weak coupling expansions of the free energy density. We analyze the SU(2) and U(1) models. The expansions in the strong and weak regimes for the two models indicate both possess finite radii of convergence, suggesting the existence of complex singularities. We then perform the numerical calculations. We use Monte Carlo simulations to construct the numerical density of states of the SU(2) and U(1) models. We also discuss the convergence of the Ferrenberg-Swendsen's method which we use for the SU(2) model and propose a practical method to find the initial values that improve the convergence of the iterations. The strong and weak series expansions are in good agreement with the numerical results in their respective limits. The numerical calculations also enable the discussion of the finite volume effects which are important to the weak expansion. We calculate the Fisher's zeros of the SU(2) and U(1) models at various volumes using the numerical entropy density functions. We compare different methods of locating the zeros. By the assumption of validity of the saddle point approximation, we find that the roots of the second derivative of the entropy density function have an interesting relation with the actual zeros and may possibly reveal the scaling property of the zeros. Using the analytic approximation of the numerical density of states, we are able to locate the Fisher's zeros of the SU(2) and U(1) models. The zeros of the SU(2) stabilize at a distance from the real axis, which is compatible with the scenario that a crossover instead of a phase transition is expected in the infinite volume limit. In contrast, with the precise determination of the locations of Fisher's zeros for the U(1) model at smaller lattice sizes L=4, 6 and 8, we show that the imaginary parts of the zeros decrease with a power law of L-3.07 and pinch the real axis at β= 1.01134, which agrees with results using other methods. Preliminary results at larger volumes indicate a first-order transition in the infinite volume limit.

A gauged SU(4) flavor symmetric hadronic Lagrangian with empirical hadron masses is constructed to study charmonium absorption and charmed hadron production in hadronic reactions. For the coupling constants, empirical values are used if available. Otherwise, they are determined from known coupling constants using the SU(4) relations. To take into account the finite sizes of hadrons, form factors are introduced at strong interaction vertices with empirical cutoff parameters. For J/ψabsorption by nucleons, we have included both two-and three-body final states and find that with a cutoff parameter of 1 GeV at interaction vertices involving charm hadrons, the cross section is at most 5 mb and is consistent with that extracted from J/ψproduction from both photo-and proton-nucleus reactions. We have also evaluated the cross sections for charmed hadron production from pion and rho meson interactions with nucleons. With the same cutoff parameter of 1 GeV at interaction vertices, we find that these cross sections have values of a few tenths of mb and are dominated bythe s-channel nucleon pole diagram. For charmed hadron production from proton-proton reactions, their cross sections including bothtwo-andthree-body final states are about 1 batcenter-of-mass energyof 11.5 GeV, which is comparable to the measured inclusive cross section in these reactions.Including photon as a U(1) gauge particle, we have extended the model to study charmed hadron production in photon-proton reactions with both two-and three-body final states included. For form factors, an overall one is introduced in each processin order to maintain the gauge invariance of the total amplitude. Fitting the cutoff parameter in the form factor to the measured total cross section for charmed hadron production in photon-proton reactions at a center-of-mass energy of 6 GeV, the ratio of the cross sections for two-body and three-body final states is consistent with available experimental data.This result is further compared with predictions from the leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. Knowledge of the cross sections for charmonium absorption byhadrons and for charmed hadron production in hadronic reactions is essential for understanding charm production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), where a quark-gluon plasma is expected to be formed during the initial hot dense stage.

The number of applications in which infrared radiation sensors are used is increasing. In some applications, the cost of the sensor itself is an issue, and simple solutions are thus required. In this thesis, the investigations have related to the use of thin polymer membranes in thermal infrared sensors, such as bolometers and thermopiles. Infrared sensors are usually subcategorized into photonic sensors and thermal sensors. For detection of infrared radiation using a photodetector, there is a requirement for low band-gap material. The need of cooling makes infrared photodetectors rather expensive, and not an alternative for low-cost applications. In thermal sensors, the heat generated from the incident infrared radiation is converted into an electrical output by means of a heat sensitive element. Thermal sensors operate at room temperature, which makes them a low-cost alternative. The basic structure of thermal sensors consists of a temperature sensitive element connected to a heat sink through a structure with low thermal conductance. It is common to use thin membranes of Silicon or Silicon Nitride as thermal insulation between the heat sink and the sensitive element. In comparison, polymers have a thermal conductance that is lower than in these materials, and this increases the generated temperature in the sensitive element. A polymer such as SU-8 has a low thermal conductivity and is applied using a spin coater. This reduces the number of complex processing steps. This thesis presents a new application of SU-8 as a closed membrane in a thermal sensor. The concept was initially demonstrated by fabricating a nickel bolometer and titanium/nickel thermopile structure with a 5 µm SU-8 / SiO2 membrane. However, for the sensor responsivity to be able to compete with commercial thermal sensors the structures, some optimization was required. Since the thermopile generates its own voltage output and requires no external bias, the optimizations were focused on this structure. There exist a number available software tools for thermal simulation of components. However, to the author’s best knowledge, there exist no tool for design optimization of thermopiles with closed membranes. An optimization tool using iterative thermal simulations was developed and evaluated. A new thermopile structure, based on the optimization results, was both fabricated and characterized. Using an infrared laser with a small spot, the measured responsivity of the manufactured thermopile was higher than that of a commercial sensor. In the case of a defocused spot and for longer wavelengths, the infrared absorption in the absorption layer reduces and degrades the responsivity. The thermopile was further evaluated as a sensor in a carbon dioxide meter application based on the NDIR principle. An increase in the CO2 concentration demonstrated a clear decrease in the thermopile voltage response, as was expected. By normalizing the voltage response and comparing it with a commercial sensor, this showed that the SU-8 based thermopile is relatively more sensitive to changes in the CO2 concentration. / STC

A gauged SU(4) flavor symmetric hadronic Lagrangian with empirical hadron masses is constructed to study charmonium absorption and charmed hadron production in hadronic reactions. For the coupling constants, empirical values are used if available. Otherwise, they are determined from known coupling constants using the SU(4) relations. To take into account the finite sizes of hadrons, form factors are introduced at strong interaction vertices with empirical cutoff parameters. For J/ψabsorption by nucleons, we have included both two-and three-body final states and find that with a cutoff parameter of 1 GeV at interaction vertices involving charm hadrons, the cross section is at most 5 mb and is consistent with that extracted from J/ψproduction from both photo-and proton-nucleus reactions. We have also evaluated the cross sections for charmed hadron production from pion and rho meson interactions with nucleons. With the same cutoff parameter of 1 GeV at interaction vertices, we find that these cross sections have values of a few tenths of mb and are dominated bythe s-channel nucleon pole diagram. For charmed hadron production from proton-proton reactions, their cross sections including bothtwo-andthree-body final states are about 1 batcenter-of-mass energyof 11.5 GeV, which is comparable to the measured inclusive cross section in these reactions.Including photon as a U(1) gauge particle, we have extended the model to study charmed hadron production in photon-proton reactions with both two-and three-body final states included. For form factors, an overall one is introduced in each processin order to maintain the gauge invariance of the total amplitude. Fitting the cutoff parameter in the form factor to the measured total cross section for charmed hadron production in photon-proton reactions at a center-of-mass energy of 6 GeV, the ratio of the cross sections for two-body and three-body final states is consistent with available experimental data.This result is further compared with predictions from the leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. Knowledge of the cross sections for charmonium absorption byhadrons and for charmed hadron production in hadronic reactions is essential for understanding charm production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), where a quark-gluon plasma is expected to be formed during the initial hot dense stage.

This paper proposed a low-cost and high-throughput method to fabricate lensed optical fibers. SU-8 Photoresist is used as the material for fabricating the proposed lens structure and is directly applied on two kinds of optical fiber tip, single mode glass fibers (O.D.=125 £gm) and plastic graded-index plastic fiber (O.D.=500 £gm), utilizing surface tension force to form a hemi-circular shape lens structure. The hemi-circular shape SU-8 lens is then electrostatically pulled to form non-spherical shape in an uniform electric field at a temperature higher than the glass temperature (Tg) of SU-8. Microlens with various radius of curvature can be easily produced by tuning the applied electric fields during the electrostatic pulling process. In addition, this study also measures the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum SU-8 photoresist to confirm the optical property of SU-8. Results indicate the SU-8 has high optical transmittance from the wavelength range of 380-1600 nm. SEM observation also indicates the fabricated SU-8 microlens has excellent surface smoothness which is essential for optical applications. A commercial optical simulation software of ZEMAX® is used to predict the light path of the fabricated lensed fiber. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental test obtained by projecting laser light into a diluted fluorescence solution. Furthermore, a Fabry-Perot laser chip with the wavelength of 1310 nm is used for light coupling test for the fabricated lensed fibers. Results show the coupling efficiency is up to 78% at working distance of 90 £gm while using the plastic lensed fiber (R =48 £gm), which is around 2 fold higher than that of a flat-end fiber. The coupling efficiency of glass lensed fiber (R =23 £gm) is up to 72% at working distance of 24 £gm, which is around 2.3 fold higher than that of a flat-end fiber. The proposed method is feasible of producing high-quality lensed optical fiber in a high throughput and low-cost way. The method proposed in the current study may give substantial impacts on fabricating lensed fiber in the future.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Kaynakça var.

No description available.