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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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台灣是否應成立國家主權基金之探討 / The appropriateness for Taiwan to establish SWF謝明妤, Hsieh, Ming Yu Unknown Date (has links)
探討台灣是否應成立國家主權基金，以及提出相關實施方法。首先針對國家主權基金的緣起、歷史沿革、以及特色等做基本介紹，再藉由個案研究，冀望透過分析他國國家主權基金之經營方式，獲得有利資料，有助於研究台灣是否適合成立SWF，以及如何實施之建議。 / Because of global financial crisis since 2007, the financial subcommittee under the Office of the President, Republic of China, addressed the possibility of establishing Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) of Taiwan in 2008, in order to integrate resources in a more efficient way, and to stimulate domestic economy development. However, the comments regarding this issue are controversial and there are few people in Taiwan who understand SWF.
Therefore, the subject of this thesis is to study “if it is appropriate for Taiwan to establish SWF, and the best process to establish SWF if it is”.
In Chapter II, I will introduce what is SWF. SWF is a government-owned investment vehicle, which has already shown up since 1953 but be only noticed these years due to its dramatic growth. The importance of SWF is the impacts that SWF brings, including both the good sides (financial stabilization) and the bad sides (exacerbating market volatility and lacking of transparency). Also, the national security issue of the bad impacts and the relative regulation system are the most critical concerns for SWF host countries and recipient countries.
In Chapter III, I use six criteria (Background, Funding Purpose, Scale, Source, Investment Policy, and Governance) to analysis six SWFs (GIC, Singapore Temasek, CIC, ADIA, Norway GPF, and KIC); trying to figure out the appropriateness for Taiwan to set up SWF, and the way how to establish if it is appropriate. The result of this analysis is posted in the end of this study (Chapter IV)--Taiwan definitely has the capability to establish its own SWF, and the whole society will benefit from it:
1. Background
(1) Taiwan holds huge amounts of foreign exchange reserves.
(2) It is hard to find good objectives to invest overseas.
(3) Taiwan domestic market needs capital injection to stimulate the domestic economy
2. Funding Purpose
(1) Manage foreign exchange reserves more efficiently and seek for better investment return; and
(2) Inject capital domestically to prompt industry upgrading or transforming; in order to stimulate country development.
3. Scale
It should depends on how much does it take for SWF’s investment portfolio, or for the policy of upgrading domestic industry.
4. Source
Foreign exchange reserves is the best sources for funding SWF. Considering Taiwan is not the member of IMF and may need more foreign exchange reserves against hot money attacks, I use two ways to demonstrate that the foreign exchange reserves is absolutely sufficient as the source for SWF.
5. Investment Policy
(1) Put more weights on domestic investments.
(2) Follow government industry policy, to invest capital in the future blue-chip industry.
(3) Invest in those industries that Taiwan familiar with or good at.
6. Governance
(1) Establish another company to manage the assets of SWF which were entrusted by government.
(2) Let external funds managers stand an appropriate proportion in all managers.
(3) Make the specific regulation about Taiwan SWF.
(4) Bottom-up periodic report mechanism and the up-down authorization system.
It is important that the suggestion above can only be done and be implemented by an integrity entity or government. Only when Taiwanese government takes preparation well beforehand, the advantages of SWF can be seen completely.
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Development of stirred well filtration as a high-throughput technique for downstream bioprocessingKazemi, Amir Sadegh 11 1900 (has links)
Micro-scale processing (MSP) techniques are miniaturized version of upstream and downstream conventional unit operations that are designed to accelerate the pace of bioprocess design and development. Previous ‘dead end’ filtration studies have demonstrated the usefulness of this concept for membrane filtration processes. However, these experiments were performed without stirring which is the most common strategy to control the effects of concentration polarization and fouling on filtration performance.
In this work, the pressure-driven stirred conditions of a conventional stirred-cell module were integrated with a 96-well filter plate to develop a high throughput technique called ‘stirred-well filtration’ (SWF). The design allowed for up to eight constant flux filtration experiments to be conducted at once using a multi-rack programmable syringe pump and a magnetic lateral tumble stirrer. An array of pressure transducers was used to monitor the transmembrane pressure (TMP) in each well. The protein sieving behavior and fouling propensity of Omega™ ultrafiltration membranes were assessed via a combination of hydraulic permeability measurements and protein sieving tests in constant filtrate flux mode. The TMP profile during filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was strongly dependent on the stirring conditions – for example the maximum TMP in the stirred wells were an average of 7.5, 3.8, and 2.6 times lower than those in the unstirred wells at filtrate fluxes of 12, 36, and 60 LMH (5, 15, and 25 μL/min) respectively. The consistency of the data across different wells for the same stirring condition was very good. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the SWF technique, the eight tests for a simple 2^2 factorial design-of-experiments (DOE) test with duplicates was run to evaluate the effect of solution pH and salt concentration on protein filtration. The combination of SWF with statistical methods such as DOE is shown to be an effective strategy for high-throughput optimization of membrane filtration processes. / Dissertation / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
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Development of High-throughput Membrane Filtration Techniques for Biological and Environmental Applications / Development of High-throughput Membrane Filtration TechniquesKazemi, Amir Sadegh 11 1900 (has links)
Membrane filtration processes are widely utilized across different industrial sectors for biological and environmental separations. Examples of the former are sterile filtration and protein fractionation via microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) while drinking water treatment, tertiary treatment of wastewater, water reuse and desalination via MF, UF, nanofiltration (NF) and reverse-osmosis (RO) are examples of the latter. A common misconception is that the performance of membrane separation is solely dependent on the membrane pore size, whereas a multitude of parameters including solution conditions, solute concentration, presence of specific ions, hydrodynamic conditions, membrane structure and surface properties can significantly influence the separation performance and the membrane’s fouling propensity. The conventional approach for studying filtration performance is to use a single lab- or pilot-scale module and perform numerous experiments in a sequential manner which is both time-consuming and requires large amounts of material. Alternatively, high-throughput (HT) techniques, defined as the miniaturized version of conventional unit operations which allow for multiple experiments to be run in parallel and require a small amount of sample, can be employed. There is a growing interest in the use of HT techniques to speed up the testing and optimization of membrane-based separations. In this work, different HT screening approaches are developed and utilized for the evaluation and optimization of filtration performance using flat-sheet and hollow-fiber (HF) membranes used in biological and environmental separations. The effects of various process factors were evaluated on the separation of different biomolecules by combining a HT filtration method using flat-sheet UF membranes and design-of-experiments methods. Additionally, a novel HT platform was introduced for multi-modal (constant transmembrane pressure vs. constant flux) testing of flat-sheet membranes used in bio-separations. Furthermore, the first-ever HT modules for parallel testing of HF membranes were developed for rapid fouling tests as well as extended filtration evaluation experiments. The usefulness of the modules was demonstrated by evaluating the filtration performance of different foulants under various operating conditions as well as running surface modification experiments. The techniques described herein can be employed for rapid determination of the optimal combination of conditions that result in the best filtration performance for different membrane separation applications and thus eliminate the need to perform numerous conventional lab-scale tests. Overall, more than 250 filtration tests and 350 hydraulic permeability measurements were performed and analyzed using the HT platforms developed in this thesis. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Membrane filtration is widely used as a key separation process in different industries. For example, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) are used for sterilization and purification of bio-products. Furthermore, MF, UF and reverse-osmosis (RO) are used for drinking water and wastewater treatment. A common misconception is that membrane filtration is a process solely based on the pore size of the membrane whereas numerous factors can significantly affect the performance. Conventionally, a large number of lab- or full-scale experiments are performed to find the optimum operating conditions for each filtration process. High-throughput (HT) techniques are powerful methods to accelerate the pace of process optimization—they allow for multiple experiments to be run in parallel and require smaller amounts of sample. This thesis focuses on the development of different HT techniques that require a minimal amount of sample for parallel testing and optimization of membrane filtration processes with applications in environmental and biological separations. The introduced techniques can reduce the amount of sample used in each test between 10-50 times and accelerate process development and optimization by running parallel tests.
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