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The research investigates the Centro Velico Caprera (CVC), a sailing school located in the Mediterrean Sea, whose purpose is to replicate the lifestyle of a ship on land. This ambition creates an isolated environment in which the frequenters are completely immersed and the life is heavily controlled through different spatial and temporal means. The people who attend the school and become part of its community refer to its characteristics and to the collective essence they experience as 'the Spirit of Caprera'. Using an ethnographic approach and in particular participant observation as a primary source of data, and formal semi-structured interviews, the research investigated the internal dynamics of the school and the nature of the 'spirit' by looking at the setting from the insiders' point of view. The investigation aspired to gain a better understanding of the setting as a sailing community and of the relationships that are created that appear to make this environment unique. The research used sociological concepts as 'benchmarks', such as total institution, status and roles, routine and rituals, subculture and power, to guide the data collection and the analysis. Moreover, it made use of key thinkers such as Goffman and Foucault. The analysis has revealed that in the Centro Velico Caprera the 'spirit' can be considered as the consequence and result of more specific dynamics. In particular, the school's organisational and institutional structure, the time management, the role and functioning of authority and finally the rules and norms that derive from the idea of being part of a unique crew. The research engaged also in the analysis of social class and gender discrimination that characterise the school. The study of this school contributes to the study of sport and in particular sailing, which has often been ignored, by adding a new perspective and analysis to its study. The main contributions surround the comparison with other similar sailing subcultures and realities, such as ocean cruising, the development of the concept of the sport panopticon related to authority and its functioning, the notion of spirit, its meaning and significance, and the particular structure of the institution with its consequence for the frequenters. Moreover, the study also aimed to contribute to the narrower debates surrounding the 'benchmark' concepts, their use and their understanding in social theory and for sport studies.

Title: Brand image of Gill Summary: The purpose of this thesis is to identify the brand image of Gill in the Czech Republic. The aforementioned brand produces marine clothing and sports equipment. Marketing research has been executed using written questionnaires among the Czech sailors. Based on the results of marketing research, possible solutions to improve the brand image will be proposed. Keywords: image, brand, Gill, marketing research, sailing

Title : Analysis of motivational factors for sailors in the ship class Flying Dutchmen Introduction: This diploma thesis deals with posture problems of motivational factors for sailors in the ship class Flying Dutchmen. The aim of the work was to develop a preview of the motivational factors and at the end compare the identified facts in context with similar studies in other areas. The main experimental strategy we chose a qualitative approach. Methods: The research material was developed based on semistructured interview, narrative analysis, inquiry investigation and observation. Additionally quantitative approach was used, mainly in evaluating the inquiry investigation The processing of the results, we used statistical processing in Microsoft Excel. All the results were interpreted by means of comparison in Microsoft Office Word. Results: The results showed us that the principle factors of motivation are "Positive enjoyment ", "Cooperation" and "Beloging with natur". For most of our probands was the first motive to the beginnings of the yachting community boaters. Everyone devote most of their free time sailing, this means that sailing is important in their lives, we can described as their lifestyle is not for them mere sport or form of entertainment. Keywords: Sailing, Flying Dutchmen,...

Thesis advisor: Robert C. Bartlett / This dissertation is an attempt to understand and assess the presuppositions and methods of classical political science. In the first of its two parts, the dissertation examines the meaning of the traditional view, held by authorities as far removed from one another as Cicero and Hobbes, that Socrates was the founder of political philosophy. It does so by considering the intellectual autobiography that Socrates famously delivers in Plato's Phaedo. Socrates turned to the study of pre-scientific, common-sense moral and political opinions only after he had rejected, as a very young man, both the materialist and the teleological natural science of his philosophic predecessors. It is the task of the dissertation's first part to show how the general revolution in scientific thought presented in the Phaedo, a revolution known as "the Socratic turn," laid the theoretical groundwork for classical political philosophy's characteristic focus on pre-scientific, common-sense moral distinctions. After examining "the Socratic turn," the dissertation then outlines in its second part the approach to the study of politics that Aristotle advanced on the basis of it. In particular, Aristotle's statements on the method of political science in book I of the Ethics are shown to rely on the basic insights obtained through "the turn." / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

Thesis. 1975. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Ocean Engineering. / Includes bibliographical references. / by George S. Hazen. / M.S.

Grinding set-up in America's Cup sailing provides the power behind tacking and gybing, where the yacht crosses the wind to change direction. Grinding is also used for trimming the sails, which changes the angle on which the yacht is headed. This study provided a descriptive biomechanical overview of grinding on an America's Cup class yacht, and experimentally evaluated the influence of technique instruction on backward grinding performance. Inter-subject differences in body position (technique) throughout the grinding cycle, the ability to alter grinding technique within an eight-day technique intervention period, and the effect of technique on grinding performance as determined by power output were assessed. The quasi-experimental design, in which each of eleven Team New Zealand America's Cup grinders served as their own control, assessed four trials of backward grinding at baseline and post-biomechanical technique intervention testing sessions. Each trial was a maximal effort performed against a high load (250 W) and sustained over a period of eight seconds. Sagittal plane video was used to analyse joint kinematics (elbow, shoulder, trunk, hip, knee, ankle angles and joint centre positions) and to calculate the centre of body mass relative to the grinder pedestal. Height, weight, and limb lengths were obtained from each grinder using the ISAK protocol. Current backward grinding technique employed by the majority of grinders did not optimally use biomechanical principles. Recommendations for improvement were specific to each individual but focused on lowering trunk position and distancing the trunk from the grinding pedestal. Real-time visual feedback was provided to the grinder operators with the main focus being the position of their hip joint (viewed in the sagittal plane), and lowering the shoulder to be vertically level with the apex of the grinding handle cycle. During the intervention the grinders were given added correctional instruction relating to their body position according to perceived technique requirements. Recommendations were based on biomechanical principles regarding body position, and how body position could be altered to optimise the contribution of body weight and force production by the muscles of the upper limb in order to improve the torque applied to the handles. Altering grinding technique according to biomechanical principles produced 4.7% (p = 0.012) greater power during five seconds of grinding performance. Muscular strength, when measured using a 1RM bench pull (116.4 ± 9.8 to 117.3 ± 10.3), was unaffected by the intervention program, thus not contributing to the increased power output observed during grinding. Moderate changes to body position were observed after the eight-day intervention. Forward lean of the trunk decreased from 25° to 17° (p = 0.028) due to a lower hipy position (-0.09 m to -0.16 m below hub, p = 0.019). The more vertical trunk alignment resulted in the shoulderx position being further from the hub (0.33 m to 0.41 m, p = 0.013), producing a greater line of pull due to a more efficient shoulder vector angle (47° to 36°, p = 0.009). Variability (standard deviation and confidence intervals) decreased in all but four kinematic measures (which exhibited no change) indicating improved consistency in grinding technique. Regression analysis indicated the best predictors for high-load backward grinding performance were COMx position relative to the grinding pedestal and maximal strength. Changes in COMx position explained 40% (p = 0.166) of the variation in grinding performance, while maximal strength showed a relationship of 0.23% (p = 0.144) increase in performance per kilogram of bench pull 1RM. A one standard deviation difference in maximal strength altered the effect of COMx position by 0.26% per centimetre (p = 0.008). Weaker predictive factors were body weight, standing height, and pull angle, while brachial index did not appear to have any substantial influence on backward grinding performance. For future research greater subject numbers should enable more conclusive findings, especially in terms of the technique mechanisms and their relative levels of influence on performance.

<p> </p><p><strong>Aim</strong></p><p>The purpose of this project has been to research injuries among elite sailors in single handed dinghies in Sweden. The intention was to find the most common injuries in relation to age groups, compare male and females and look into how common preventative training is.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Method</strong></p><p>The chosen methods for this project were quantitative and qualitative. Questionnaires were sent out by email to 120 sailors where 42 chose to participate. Swedish elite sailors in single handed dinghies were targeted in age 13 to >28. Two interviews were performed with one experienced coach and physiotherapist. Two question templates were prepared to capture their expertise in the area following a main theme. Interviews were completed over internet (Skype).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>The researched showed that 76% have had one or more sailing related injuries in their sailing career. The most common injury is knee injury, followed by back injury which together calculated for over 50% of all injuries. The main type of injury for sailors is overuse injury that develop over time. There was a significant difference between male and female in injury frequency where males tend to injure themselves more often. 30% of males have injured themselves eight times or more. Both male and female showed knees as the most common injury. The majority of sailors, 75% of males and 78% of females, do regularly or sometimes perform specific training. Research showed that 80% of sailors warm up before sailing, either regularly or sometimes. The most strenuous manoeuvre identified was 'knees while hiking'.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><p>The majority of sailors, 76%, have had injuries in their sailing careers. Knees and back were the most pronounced injuries and can be categorised as overuse injuries that develop over time. There are indications of injuries starting in an early age and lack of training knowledge might be a factor. Females have greater discrepancy of injuries however males tend to injure themselves more often, although more males than females perform specific training to prevent or rehabilitate an injury. The majority of sailors, 80% of males and 60% of females believed their injuries could have been prevented by more knowledge and proper training.</p>

Aim The purpose of this project has been to research injuries among elite sailors in single handed dinghies in Sweden. The intention was to find the most common injuries in relation to age groups, compare male and females and look into how common preventative training is.   Method The chosen methods for this project were quantitative and qualitative. Questionnaires were sent out by email to 120 sailors where 42 chose to participate. Swedish elite sailors in single handed dinghies were targeted in age 13 to &gt;28. Two interviews were performed with one experienced coach and physiotherapist. Two question templates were prepared to capture their expertise in the area following a main theme. Interviews were completed over internet (Skype).   Results The researched showed that 76% have had one or more sailing related injuries in their sailing career. The most common injury is knee injury, followed by back injury which together calculated for over 50% of all injuries. The main type of injury for sailors is overuse injury that develop over time. There was a significant difference between male and female in injury frequency where males tend to injure themselves more often. 30% of males have injured themselves eight times or more. Both male and female showed knees as the most common injury. The majority of sailors, 75% of males and 78% of females, do regularly or sometimes perform specific training. Research showed that 80% of sailors warm up before sailing, either regularly or sometimes. The most strenuous manoeuvre identified was 'knees while hiking'.   Conclusions The majority of sailors, 76%, have had injuries in their sailing careers. Knees and back were the most pronounced injuries and can be categorised as overuse injuries that develop over time. There are indications of injuries starting in an early age and lack of training knowledge might be a factor. Females have greater discrepancy of injuries however males tend to injure themselves more often, although more males than females perform specific training to prevent or rehabilitate an injury. The majority of sailors, 80% of males and 60% of females believed their injuries could have been prevented by more knowledge and proper training.

This is a Bachelor degree project report describing the development process of a trapeze system for dinghy sailing. The project was performed in cooperation with Seldén Mast AB, manufacturer of spars and rigging systems for yachts and dinghies. The trapeze system is used in some dinghy sailing classes. It is used to move the weight of the crew outside of the boat to compensate the force created by the wind in the sails. The system consists of a number of components. Focus of the project was set on the position adjustment device and the attachment to the harness. The product development process included a pre study, a Product Design Specification, a function analysis, concept development, embodiment, and detail design. The project resulted in three products: two variants of trapeze cleats (adjustment devices) and a trapeze ring (to enable attachment to the harness).