Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse à la naissance de l' idée de justice sociale, idée formulée pour l'une des toutes premières fois en France par les saint-simoniens ( 1825-1832). Plus précisément, la justice sociale a émergé sous certaines conditions matérielles et intellectuelles. Ces conditions sont réunies par le saint-simonisme.Observateurs des progrès réalisés grâce à l'industrialisation, les saint-simoniens ont montré que les moyens de production pourraient être distribués à tou(te)s. Cela constitue la condition matérielle. L'esprit de la Révolution française, et surtout la Déclaration de 1789, a créé une atmosphère égalitariste : chaque individu devrait pouvoir améliorer son statut socioéconomique. Cela constitue la condition intellectuelle.Les considérations saint-simoniennes de justice sociale reposent sur un critère spécifique: la capacité. En découle alors l'aphorisme fondateur de la doctrine saint-simonienne : « à chacun selon sa capacité, à chaque capacité selon ses oeuvres »,aphorisme spécifiant les règles d'attribution des moyens de production et de distribution des récompenses. Lesystème saint-simonien prenait sa source dans leur volonté de fournir un système équitable d'opportunité basé sur lecrédit bancaire. De telles considérations constituent la justice sociale saint-simonienne. / This PhD thesis deals with the birth of the idea of social justice, which dates back in France to the Saint-Simonians. It asserts that social justice emerged under certain material and intellectual conditions.The Saint-Simonians (1825-1832) maintained, that due to the progress made within the industrial economic system, the means of production could be distributed to everyone. This comprised the material condition. The spirit of the French Revolution, and mostly the Declaration of Rights of Humans of 1789, created an egalitarian atmosphere; namely, everyone should be able to improve his socio-economic status. This specific spirit of thought comprised the intellectual condition.The Saint-Simonian considerations of social justice are based upon a specific criterion: ability: "to each according to his ability, to each ability according to his works." This aphorism specifies rules of allocation of means of production and distribution of reward. The underlying roots of their system were their willingness to provide a fair system of opportunity based upon banking credit. The saint-simonian considerations of social justice are based upon all these considerations.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / Franz Liszt's essay, "De la Situation des Artistes et de leur Condition dans la Societe," published in the Gazette musicole de Paris between 5 May and 11 October 1835, is one of the first comprehensive studies by a nineteenth-century French composer on the status of musicians in society. Liszt criticizes contemporary society for exploiting the talents of artists while disregarding their needs, and concerns himself with the creation of a new position for artists in society. The most frequently cited influence of the essay has been Liszt's contact with the Saint-Simonians movement. I wish to show that emphasis on the Saint-Simonians fails to show properly Liszt's debt to French Romantic ideas and philosophies during the 1830's. I define the social romantictsm that infused France and French artists and literary figues such as Victor Hugo, Alfred de Vigny and Alphonse de Lamartine, in the 1830's, and differentiate it from the utopian socialism of the period. I give an overview of the state of music journalism during the 1830's in Paris and discuss various relevant music-related journalists and their influences. specific aims and styles. Finally, I look at the compositional forms promoted and utilized by the Saint-Simonians and examine the compositions of Liszt during this period to see the extent of Liszt's experimentation with Saint-Simonian ideas within his musical compositions, and make conclusions as to the principal musical ideas which the Liszt pursued. Though this critique of the essay, and a discussion of the various influences which led up to it, I suggest an interpretation that clearly recognizes Liszt's place within the French social romantics during the 1830's.