Thesis (MTech(Business Administration))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / In the education and training environment retention and a high throughput rate of students are common objectives of many learning institutions from government sponsored community training programmes to tertiary institutions. High dropout and attrition in many of these education and training programmes is, therefore of great concern for all stakeholders in these institutions. The high dropout rate experienced in entrepreneurial training programmes is, in particular, of great concern, given its importance in the South African economy. The New Venture Creation (NVC) Learnership NQF Level 4, is one such training programme rolled out by the South African government to develop entrepreneurs in the previously disadvantaged section of the South African population for various socio-economic and political reasons. The Services SETA were responsible for the roll out NVC Learnership for previously disadvantaged individuals (PDI„s) within the Saldanha Bay Municipal area. The PDI‟s refer to those sections of the population who were isolated in terms of new venture creation during the apartheid regime. Depriving these South Africans of the necessary entrepreneurial skills for new venture creation had an impact on their participation in entrepreneurship and the formal economy. The social context of the potential entrepreneur, further, impact hugely on objectives envisaged for these programmes. One of the key objectives of the programme is to change the attitude towards entrepreneurship from the tendency to start survivalist to establishing sustainable business ventures. The entrepreneurial mind-set of the trainee and the training context, therefore, play a huge role. In order to address the issue of huge trainee dropout and develop the mind-set of trainees in NVC programmes, this study seeks to explore the issue of academic resilience as a key area of intervention to ensure higher retention and throughput rate.The current study was concerned with assessing the personal factors and other factors in the training context perceived by trainees‟ to influence their academic resilience in the New Venture Creation (NVC) training programme.An in-depth literature study was done to establish the factors on a personal level and in the training context that tend to influence the academic resilience of trainees. Graduates in a NVC Learnership in St. Helena Bay formed the case study to assess these factors by means of a structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The semi-structured interview offered graduates the opportunity to elaborate on certain findings in the questionnaire. A focus group session was held with another group who did a similar NVC NQF Level 4 Learnership, to corroborate and validate the findings of the interviews in the first group.The research revealed that personal and training contextual factors do influence the academic resilience of trainees in the NVC training programme. The research findings, further, revealed that these factors have huge implications for facilitation and, in particular, on a pedagogical level.

M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Management) / Saldanha forms part of the heart of the Western Cape and is an integral part of the economic and social well being of South Africa. The recent development of the Namakwa Sands Smelter and the proposed Saldanha Steel Project indicate a possible new phase of industrial growth in the Saldanha area. The evolution of man into beings who are more environmentally aware and the proclamation of more environmentally related legislation, should integrate well with this development. These factors should ensure that companies and institutions implement better pollution control and management. In this study lead pollution caused by the handling and storing of lead concentrate for export purposes in Saldanha Bay, is investigated. The Small Bay area was identified as the area likely to be most polluted and this study concentrated on the pollution in this specific area. The lead pollution was measured for a certain period by monitoring lead concentrations in samples of biological material (black mussels), soil, sediment and dust. From the results the following conclusions are made. Lead concentrations in biological material in the Small Bay area remained constant with no real increase or decrease. Lead concentrations in the soil samples on the north easterly side of Small Bay showed a definite decrease during the monitoring period. Lead concentrations in the sediments of the Small Bay area indicate a decrease during the monitoring period. Lead concentrations in dust collected on the eastern side of Small Bay remained constant during the monitoring period. Lead concentrations in dust collected on the north eastern side showed a decrease. In general, based on the above results obtained, it can be concluded that lead pollution in the Small Bay area of Saldanha decreased during the monitoring period. Lead concentrations in the biological material and dust that did not show a decrease, remained constant i.e. did not worsen.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: To date, the only volcanic rocks described from the Cape Granite Suite are ignimbrites that crop out along the western margin of Langebaan lagoon, to the south of Saldahna. These ignimbrites, with an age of 515 ± 3 Ma, represent the youngest rocks within the Suite. This study aims to investigate the petrogenesis of fine grained granitic rocks exposed to the north of Langebaan lagoon, as well as to reassess the classification of these rocks as a sub-volcanic quartz porphyritic intrusive. These rocks exhibit a dark grey to brown micro- to crypto-crystalline matrix containing prominent feldspar and quartz phenocrysts that are often embayed and broken. Phenocrysts of biotite and orthopyroxene (Fs50-70) can be identified microscopically, as can replacement of both phases by chlorite. Ilmenite commonly occurs in close association with the orthopyroxene phenocrysts. A second generation of poikiloblastic biotite overgrows the matrix and is clearly formed through sub-solidus reaction. The feldspar phenocrysts are commonly microcline microperthite. Contact exposures can be observed in the study area which indicates that the finer grained rock intruded older coarser grained granites. The predominance of broken phenocrysts as well as the presence of fiamme present in outcrop in rocks with a microcrystalline matrix is indicative of a volcanic origin, suggesting that these rocks be classified as ignimbrite as opposed to quartz porphyry. The foregoing observations and features could be interpreted to represent a welded ignimbrite deposit which is underlain by coarse grained granite. The finer grained ignimbrite would then represent a subsequent intrusion by a later pulse of similar magma along the contact with the coarser grained granite. The ignimbrites are silicic with SiO2 ranging between 69 and 76 wt. %; they are mildly peraluminous with values for ASI (ASI = mol. Al2O3/ (CaO+Na2O+K2O)) ranging from 1.02 to 1.09; and ASI is negatively correlated with Mg + Fe (hereafter maficity). Tight to very tight inter-element correlations exist for several major elements as well as trace elements when plotted against maficity. The following R² values apply: Al =0.94; Ca = 0.98; Si = 0.97; Ti = 1.00; Na =0.90; Zr =0.95; La = 0.87. These elements are all positively correlated with maficity, except for Si which is negatively correlated. Orthopyroxene and ilmenite represent early formed, high temperature minerals in the magma. In the biotite-poor rocks, ilmenite represents the main reservoir of titanium whilst orthopyroxene represents the main MgO and FeO reservoir. The exceptionally tight Ti: maficity correlation requires that both these minerals always be present at the same molecular ratio in the magma, despite the significant range in maficity portrayed by the rocks and despite the fact that these minerals have different size-density relationships. This exceptionally tight correlation can be readily interpreted to reflect entrainment of a peritectic assemblage consisting of ilmenite and orthopyroxene. The Al, Ca and Na correlations require the entrainment of peritectic plagioclase. The decreasing trend for ASI requires the entrainment of peritectic clionopyroxene. A near perfect match with the concentrations of these elements in the ignimbrites is produced by modelling entrainment of a peritectic assemblage consisting of plagioclase, ilmenite, orthopyroxene and clionopyroxene in stoichiometric proportions dictated by the melting reaction. A peritectic assemblage formed by these phases’ points to the partial melting of a source undergoing coupled biotite and hornblende fluid-absent melting, with hornblende being subordinate. The opx- and ilmenite-rich micro-domains in the rocks represent zones in the magma rich in original peritectic orthopyroxene and ilmenite. In contrast, the peritectic plagioclase demanded by the chemistry of the rocks has melted during ascent due to overheating and decreasing water solubility in the melt. The phenocrystic potassium feldspar observed in the rocks crystallised after significant cooling and the physical behaviour of these crystals does not shape the chemistry of the magma. K contents of the ignimbrites are however not well replicated by this modelling, which predicts a significant K decrease due to dilution. K in the rocks is not correlated with maficity. This may reflect the fact that the K behaviour represents two slightly different source protoliths with differing K contents. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tot op hede is die enigste vulkaniese rots van die Kaapse Granietgroep wat al beskryf is ignimbriete wat teen die westelike grens van die Langebaan-lagune, na die suide van Saldanha, aan die oppervlak kom. Hierdie ignimbriete, met ’n ouderdom van 515 ± 3 Ma, verteenwoordig die jongste gesteentes in die Groep. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die petrogenese van fynkorrelrige granietrots wat na die noorde van die Langebaan-lagune blootgestel is, te ondersoek, en ook die klassifikasie van hierdie rotse as ’n subvulkaniese kwartsporfier- intrusiewe gesteentes te assesseer. Hierdie gesteentes toon ’n donker grys tot bruin mikro- tot kriptokristalvormige matriks wat prominente veldspaat en kwartsfenokriste bevat wat dikwels bogtig en gebreek is. Fenokriste van biotiet en ortopirokseen (Fs50-70) asook vervanging van albei fases deur chloriet kan mikroskopies geïdentifiseer word. Ilmeniet kom dikwels naby ortopirokseenfenokriste voor. ’n Tweede generasie poikiloblastiese biotiet groei die matriks toe en is duidelik deur subsolidusreaksie gevorm. Die veldspaatfenokriste is gewoonlik mikroklien-mikropertiet. Kontakblootstelling kan in die studiegebied waargeneem word, wat aantoon dat die fynkorrelrige rots ander grofkorrelrige granietgesteentes intrudeer het. Die oorheersing van gebroke fenokriste asook die teenwoordigheid van ‘fiamme’ strukture in die rotsdagsoom met ’n mikrokristalvormige matriks dui op vulkaniese oorsprong, wat aan die hand doen dat hierdie gesteentes as ignimbriete eerder as kwartsporfier geklassifiseer kan word. Hierdie waarnemings en eienskappe kan geïnterpreteer word as verteenwoordigend van ’n gelaste ignimbriet-afsetting wat deur grofkorrelrige graniet onderlê word. Die fynkorrelrige ignimbriet stel dan ’n daaropvolgende intrusie voor deur ’n latere puls van soortgelyke magma teen die kontak met die grofkorrelrige graniet af. Die ignimbriete is silisies met SiO2 wat wissel tussen 69 en 76 wt. %; hulle is matig peralumineus met waardes vir ASI (ASI = mol. Al2O3/ (CaO+Na2O+K2O)) wat wissel van 1.02 tot 1.09; en ASI is negatief gekorreleer met Mg + Fe (hierná mafiese komponent). Nou tot baie nou inter-elementkorrelasies bestaan vir verskeie groot elemente asook spoorelemente wanneer dit teen die mafiese komponent gestip word. Die volgende R²-waardes is van toepassing: Al =0.94; Ca = 0.98; Si = 0.97; Ti = 1.00; Na =0.90; Zr =0.95; La = 0.87. Hierdie elemente is almal positief met die mafiese komponent gekorreleer, buiten Si, wat negatief gekorreleer is. Ortopirokseen en ilmeniet verteenwoordig vroeg gevormde, hoëtemperatuur-minerale in die magma. In die biotiet-arme rotse stel ilmeniet die hoofreservoir van titaan voor, terwyl ortopirokseen die vernaamste MgO- en FeO-reservoir voorstel. Die buitengewoon nou Ti: mafiese-korrelasie vereis dat albei hierdie minerale altyd in dieselfde molekulêre verhouding in die magma teenwoordig moet wees, ondanks die beduidende omvang van die mafiese komponent wat deur die gesteentes getoon word en ondanks die feit dat hierdie minerale verskillende grootte–digtheidsverhoudings het. Hierdie buitengewoon nou korrelasie kan geredelik geïnterpreteer word om meesleping van ’n peritektiese groep te weerspieël wat uit ilmeniet en ortopirokseen bestaan. Die Al-, Ca- en Na-korrelasies vereis die meesleping van peritektiese plagioklaas. Die verminderende neiging tot ASI vereis die meesleping van peritektiese klionopirokseen. ’n Byna perfekte passing met die konsentrasies van hierdie elemente in die ignimbriete word voortgebring deur die modellering van meesleping van ’n peritektiese groep bestaande uit plagioklaas, ilmeniet, ortopirokseen en klionopirokseen in stoïgiometriese verhoudings wat deur die smeltreaksie bepaal word. ’n Peritektiese groep wat deur hierdie fases gevorm word, dui op die gedeeltelike smelting van ’n bron wat gekoppelde biotiet- en horingblende- vloeistofafwesige smelting ondergaan, met horingblende wat ondergeskik is. Die ortopirokseen- en ilmeniet-ryke mikrodomeins in die gesteentes verteenwoordig sones in die magma wat ryk is aan oorspronklike peritektiese ortopirokseen en ilmeniet. Hierteenoor het die peritektiese plagioklaas wat deur die chemie van die gesteentes vereis word tydens styging gesmelt weens oorverhitting en dalende wateroplosbaarheid in die smeltsel. Die fenokristiese kaliumveldspaat wat in die rotse waargeneem is wat ná aanmerklike afkoeling gekristalliseer het en die fisiese gedrag van hierdie kristalle vorm nie die chemie van die magma nie. Die K-inhoud van die ignimbriete word egter nie goed deur hierdie modellering gerepliseer nie, wat ’n aanmerklike K-afname weens verdunning voorspel. K in die rotse is nie met mafiese komponente gekorreleer nie. Dit kan die feit weerspieël dat die K-gedrag twee effens verskillende bronprotoliete met verskillende K-inhoud voorstel.

Entre 1775 e 1782, a Capitania de São Paulo foi governada por Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha. Durante esse período, as disputas na fronteira Sul eram a maior preocupação da Coroa Portuguesa no Ultramar. Nesse contexto, a Capitania de São Paulo assumiu o papel de arregimentar tropas e assegurar a posse dos territórios meridionais da América Portuguesa. Com o Tratado de Santo Ildefonso, em 1777, ficou definida diplomaticamente a fronteira com os castelhanos. Começa então um segundo período do governo de Lobo de Saldanha em São Paulo, no qual as tensões e disputas políticas do período de guerra afloraram com maior intensidade, tornando evidente a oposição entre governador e poder local. O presente trabalho procura analisar o Governo do Capitão-General Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha enfatizando a questão geopolítica, mostrando como suas diretrizes de governo estavam relacionadas à questão na fronteira Sul. Uma vez solucionados os conflitos, no restante de seu governo Lobo de Saldanha enfrentou a oposição da elite local, em decorrência dos problemas causados pela guerra. E, para tal enfrentamento, Saldanha não possuía as habilidades políticas necessárias. / Between 1775 and 1782, the Captaincy of São Paulo was governed by Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha. During this period, the disputes in the southern frontier were the major concern of the Portuguese Crown overseas. In this context, the Captaincy of São Paulo assumed the responsibility of enlisting troops and ensure the ownership of the southern territories of the Portuguese America. With the San Ildefonso Treaty, in 1777, the frontier was diplomatically defined with the Castilians. This is considered the beginning of a second term government of Lobo de Saldanha in São Paulo, in which wartime tensions and political disputes surfaced with greater intensity, making clear the opposition between the governor and the local power. This thesis analyzes the Government of Captain-General Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha emphasizing the geopolitical issue, showing how his government directives were related to the issues at the southern frontier. Once the conflict were solved, during the remaining years of his government Lobo de Saldanha faced the opposition of the local elite, due to the problems caused by war. And for such confrontation, Saldanha lacked the necessary political skills.

Entre 1775 e 1782, a Capitania de São Paulo foi governada por Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha. Durante esse período, as disputas na fronteira Sul eram a maior preocupação da Coroa Portuguesa no Ultramar. Nesse contexto, a Capitania de São Paulo assumiu o papel de arregimentar tropas e assegurar a posse dos territórios meridionais da América Portuguesa. Com o Tratado de Santo Ildefonso, em 1777, ficou definida diplomaticamente a fronteira com os castelhanos. Começa então um segundo período do governo de Lobo de Saldanha em São Paulo, no qual as tensões e disputas políticas do período de guerra afloraram com maior intensidade, tornando evidente a oposição entre governador e poder local. O presente trabalho procura analisar o Governo do Capitão-General Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha enfatizando a questão geopolítica, mostrando como suas diretrizes de governo estavam relacionadas à questão na fronteira Sul. Uma vez solucionados os conflitos, no restante de seu governo Lobo de Saldanha enfrentou a oposição da elite local, em decorrência dos problemas causados pela guerra. E, para tal enfrentamento, Saldanha não possuía as habilidades políticas necessárias. / Between 1775 and 1782, the Captaincy of São Paulo was governed by Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha. During this period, the disputes in the southern frontier were the major concern of the Portuguese Crown overseas. In this context, the Captaincy of São Paulo assumed the responsibility of enlisting troops and ensure the ownership of the southern territories of the Portuguese America. With the San Ildefonso Treaty, in 1777, the frontier was diplomatically defined with the Castilians. This is considered the beginning of a second term government of Lobo de Saldanha in São Paulo, in which wartime tensions and political disputes surfaced with greater intensity, making clear the opposition between the governor and the local power. This thesis analyzes the Government of Captain-General Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha emphasizing the geopolitical issue, showing how his government directives were related to the issues at the southern frontier. Once the conflict were solved, during the remaining years of his government Lobo de Saldanha faced the opposition of the local elite, due to the problems caused by war. And for such confrontation, Saldanha lacked the necessary political skills.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: At present the population in South Africa continues to grow at a higher rate than the rate of job creation. Traditional sources of job creation, such as large enterprises and state departments, are unable to provide enough jobs to combat the increasing rate of unemployment. An important component of the government's effort to address the unemployment problem, should be the emphasis on the development of entrepreneurship. In a study done in Bulgaria by Bartlett and Rangelava the contribution of small business to job creation became clear. Bulgaria, like South Africa, is also plagued by a high rate of unemployment (1997: 330). As the small business is seen as the natural port of entry for the entrepreneur to the business world, it would only be logical if efforts to encourage entrepreneurship are focussed on small business development. In essence entrepreneurial activity can be regarded initially as a local phenomenon which then spreads to the larger economy. In this regard research suggested that a mega event in a local context might result in an increase in entrepreneurial activity. The development of the Saldanha Steel project could be seen as an example of such a mega event in the West Coast region. This event inevitably led to an increase in entrepreneurial activity, which manifested in the establishment of many formal and informal businesses. At the completion of the project, however, few businesses survived. This raises the question whether the opportunity perceived by the mega event rather than the market on the long term initiated the decision to start-up. In this study it will be argued that the businesses that survived the so-called mega event were started as a result of long-term market considerations characterized by the critical success factors underlying an entrepreneurial decision. The objective of this research is to prove that the critical factors for entrepreneurial success play a more important role in eventual success and survival of the enterprise than the opportunistic entrepreneurial behavior sparked by a mega event only. Consequently the critical success factors for entrepreneurial success of businesses established in anticipation of the mega event that survived and surviving businesses established in the ten year period prior to the mega event, will be compared in order to test the hypothesis. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tans is die bevolkingsaanwas in Suid-Afrika hoër as wat die toename in die skepping van werksgeleenthede is. Tradisionele bronne vir werkskepping, soos groot sakeondernemings en staatsdepartemente, kan nie voldoende werksgeleenthede skep om die toename in werkloosheid teë te werk nie. 'n Belangrike komponent in die regering se poging om die werkloosheidprobleem aan te spreek, behoort 'n fokus op die ontwikkeling van entrepreneurskap te wees. 'n Studie wat deur Bartlett en Rangelova in Bulgarye gedoen is, toon duidelik dat klein- en mediumsakeondernemings 'n bydrae tot werkverskaffing lewer. Bulgarye, soos Suid-Afrika, is ook die prooi van 'n hoë werkloosheidsyfer (1997: 330). Kleinsakeondernemings word beskou as die natuurlike deurgang vir die entrepreneur tot die sakewêreld en dit sou net logies wees om pogings om entrepreneurskap aan te moedig, op die ontwikkeling van klein sakeondernemings te fokus. In wese kan entrepreneursaktiwiteite beskou word as 'n aanvanklike plaaslike verskynsel wat geleidelik uitbrei na die groter ekonomiese sektor. Navorsing suggereer, derhalwe, dat 'n grootskaalse gebeurtenis binne plaaslike konteks kan lei tot 'n toename in entrepreneursaktiwiteite. Die ontwikkeling van die Saldanha Staal-projek kan beskou word as sodanige gebeurtenis in die Weskusstreek. Hierdie projek het onvermydelik tot 'n toename in entrepreneursaktiwiteite gelei wat in die vestiging van verskeie formele en informele sakeondernemings gemanifesteer het. Na voltooiing van die projek het min van die ondernemings egter bly voortbestaan. Dit laat die vraag ontstaan of dit die potensiële geleentheid van hierdie grootskaalse gebeurtenis, eerder as die langtermyn mark is wat hierdie ondernemingsbesluite geïnisieer het. In hierdie studie sal daar van die standpunt uitgegaan word dat die ondernemings wat die grootskaalse gebeurtenis oorleef het, die is wat die resultaat van langtermyn markoorwegings was en gekenmerk is deur kritiese suksesfaktore onderliggend aan 'n entrepreneursbesluit. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te bewys dat die kritiese suksesfaktore vir entrepreneursukses 'n belangriker rol in die uiteindelike sukses en oorlewing van 'n onderneming speel as die opportunistiese entrepreneursgedrag wat slegs deur 'n grootskaalse gebeurtenis aangevuur is. Om die hipotese te toets sal daar 'n vergelyking getref word tussen die kritiese suksesfaktore vir entrepreneursukses van ondernemings wat in afwagting van die grootskaalse gebeurtenis begin is en nog bestaan, en dié van ondernemings wat in die tien jaar periode voor die verwagte gebeurtenis begin is en nog bestaan.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study addresses the sustainable development and employment creation potential of bivalve mariculture with reference to the case of Saldanha. The first section of the study looks at various theoretical perspectives relating to sustainable development. The development of modernist theory is presented, as are its shortcomings. The People-Centred Development theory is presented as an alternative theoretical perspective. This theory is relevant to the present study because it prioritises the participation of local individuals in the development process, rather than prioritising the increase of capital gain. One of the development approaches within people-centred development is the Learning Process Approach. The learning process approach provides a development model through which people-centred development can take place. The study then focuses on empirical cases. The development of four mariculture case studies from different countries and farming different organisms is then considered. The development process of these case studies is used to draw lessons on what factors affect the sustainable development of a mariculture sector. It is shown that five key factors play a role in the sustainable development of each of the four cases. The five factors are the state, the market, funding, the environment and the local community. These five factors provide a typology with which to measure the potential for the sustainable development of the bivalve mariculture sector in Saldanha. Literature on Saldanha is then reviewed, giving a background to rising unemployment in Saldanha and the need to consider the expansion of alternative sectors. This is followed by presenting the methods and results of empirical research involving the collection of primary data in Saldanha. The research methods used in conducting empirical research in Saldanha are presented. This research elicited data on bivalve mariculture employees and bivalve mariculture directors in Saldanha as well as state representatives. The key findings of this study are that the restrictive state policies on mariculture and a lack of funding are the primary limitations to the sector‟s expansion. The sector has the potential to expand by a factor of four, providing employment for over 200 households in Saldanha. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek fokus op die volhoubare ontwikkeling en werkskeppingspotensiaal van tweekleppige marikultuur met verwysing na die geval van Saldanha. Die eerste gedeelte van die ondersoek handel oor verskillende teoretiese perspektiewe met betrekking tot volhoubare ontwikkeling. Die ontwikkeling van modernistiese teorie word aangebied, tesame met sy tekortkominge. Die Mens-Gesentreerde Ontwikkelingsraamwerk word as 'n alternatiewe teoretiese perspektief aangebied. Die mens-gesentreerde ontwikkelingsraamwerk is relevant tot die huidige ondersoek omdat dit die deelname van plaaslike individue in die ontwikkelingproses, eerder as die verhoging van kapitaalwins, vooropstel. Een van die ontwikkelingsbenaderings binne mens-gesentreerde ontwikkeling is die Leerproses Benadering. Die leerproses benadering bied 'n ontwikkelingsmodel waardeur mens-gesentreerde ontwikkeling kan plaasvind. Die leerproses benadering word dan gebruik om die ontwikkeling van ander marikultuur gevalleondersoeke te bespreek. Die tweede deel van die huidige ondersoek beskou die ontwikkeling van vier marikultuur gevalleondersoeke uit verskillende lande wat met verskillende organismes boer. Die ontwikkeling van hierdie gevalleondersoeke is gebruik om lesse op te stel oor watter faktore 'n invloed op die ontwikkeling en volhoubaarheid van 'n marikultuursektor het. Dit is getoon dat die vyf belangrikste faktore wat 'n rol in die volhoubaarheid en uitbreidingspotensiaal van elk van die gevalle gespeel het die staat, die mark, finansiering, die omgewing en die plaaslike gemeenskap behels. Hierdie vyf faktore is gebruik as 'n tipologie om die volhoubaarheid en uitbreidingspotensiaal van die tweekleppige marikultuursektor in Saldanha te meet. Die geval van Saldanha word eerstens in die literatuur aangebied vir 'n agtergrond oor stygende werkloosheid in Saldanha en die noodsaaklikheid om die uitbreiding van alternatiewe sektore te oorweeg. Derdens is primêre navorsing oor Saldanha se tweekleppige marikultuursektor onderneem. Data is versamel vanaf werknemers, direkteure en staatsverteenwoordigers. Die belangrikste bevindings van hierdie ondersoek is dat die beperkende staatsbeleid oor marikultuur en 'n gebrek aan fondse die primêre beperkings op die uitbreiding van die sektor is. Die sektor het die potensiaal om met 'n faktor van vier uit te brei. Teen hierdie grootte sal meer as 200 huishoudings in Saldanha 'n inkomste hê.

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the role of contracting in reducing transaction costs in smalIscale mussel farming in Saldanha Bay. Masiza Mussel Growers (Masiza), an initiative by the public and private sector to address the imbalances of the past through entrepreneurial development, are used as a case study hence a case study approach is followed. Two transactions were considered, one between Masiza and Blue Bay Aqua Farm (Blue Bay) and another between La Vie Sea Food Products (La Vie) and Masiza. These transactions form the basis for analysis. Market risks, uncertainties, environmental risks, information incompleteness, illiteracy, limited technical knowledge of farming, lack of appropriate infrastructure and lack of transport facilities are identified and examined as possible sources of transaction costs that constrain the existing supply chain relationship. The study shows that asset specificity, time specificity, and site specificity playa positive role in the supply chain as they result in relative dependency amongst parties. Opportunistic behavior within the existing supply chain is neutral, but appears to be relatively high on the spot or fresh live market. Characteristics of market transactions for mussels and associated transaction costs suggest that fresh-live spot market trading for Masiza is difficult to attain. This therefore motivates parties (Masiza) to contract or vertically integrate, as it is costly and risky to rely on spot live markets. Interviewees (Masiza) pointed out that the benefits associated with contract farming outweigh the transaction costs associated with this governance structure. Hence a market specification contract with the La Vie (a processing company), and a production management and resource provision contract with Blue Bay (a larger producer) were designed. They reduce transaction costs associated with fresh-live markets and ensure a more stable and reliable market for growers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ondersoek die rol van kontraktering in die vermindering van transaksie koste vir klein skaal mossel produsente in Saldanha baai. Die Masiza Mussel Growers (Masiza) word as gevallestudie gebruik. Twee transaksies met o.a. Blue bay Aqua Farm (Blue Bay) en La Vie Sea Food Products (La Vie) was ter sprake en laasgenoemde het as basis vir die analise gedien. Mark risiko, onsekerheid, omgewings risiko, gebrekkige informasie, ongeletterdheid, beperkte tegniese kennis, beperkte infrastruktuur en beperkte verroer fasiliteite is geidentifiseer en ondersoek as moontlike oorsake van hoë transaksie koste wat die huidige aanbod ketting strem. Die studie toon aan dat interafhanklikheid tussen die betrokke partye deur bate, tyd en area spesifisiteite bevorder word en dus 'n positiewe rol in die aanbod ketting speel. Opportunistiese gedrag binne die bestaande aanbod ketting is neutraal, maar blyk hoog te wees in die vars mark. Transaksie kostes en eienskappe blyk beduidende beperkinge te wees vir kleinskaal mossel produsente om aktief deel te neem in die mark. Die opstel van kontrakte (of vertikale integrasie) blyk dus 'n uitkoms te wees. Respondente het aangetoon dat kontrak boerdery voordelig blyk te wees. Laasgoemde het tot die ontwikkeling van mark kontrakte met die La Vie ('n verwerkings maatskappy) asook produksie bestuur en hulpbron voorsiennings kontrakte met Blue Bay ('n groot kommersiële produsent) gelei. Die kontrakte beperk transaksie koste vir die vars mark en verseker 'n stabiele en betroubare mark vir produsente. 'n Transaksie koste analiese word gebruik om transaksie kostes te ondersoek en te verifieer binne die industrie.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:The study focus on the Greater Saldanha and environment by evaluating the socio-economic impact of the Saldanha Steel project on the area. Major development projects, like the SSP, can create significant impact on the socioeconomic features within the region of influence. This impact affects the provision of public services (education, health services, police protection), social services (housing, transport, urban land use) as well as the fiscal features of the region. Following the National elections in 1994, the new government implemented the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) to address social and economic problems in specific regions. The RDP was followed by the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy. Spatial Development Initiatives (SDI's), form part of the GEAR strategy and aims to address regional differences and promote sustainable long term development, economic growth and employment in the region. The West coast Investment Initiative (Well) is one of the eight SDI's that were identified. The Saldanha Steel project (SSP) is the focus project of the WCII. The initiative is a mixed industrial and agrotourism SDI. Great expectations were formed with respect to the number of employment opportunities that would be provided by the SSP, as well as the economic progress and development within the region. This study project evaluates the socio-economic impact of the SSP by focussing on the demographic aspects, social infrastructure and services, employment and income, housing and development, infrastructure provision as well as the SSP's involvement within the communities of Greater Saldanha and environment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op Groter Saldanha en omgewing deur die sosio-ekonomiese impak van die Saldanha Staal projek (SSP) op die gebied te evalueer. Groot ontwikkelingsprojekte, soos die SSP, kan 'n groot impak maak op die sosio-ekonomiese kenmerke binne die streek of area van invloed. Die impak word veral ervaar in die verskaffing van publieke dienste (opvoeding, gesondheisdienste, polisie), sosiale dienste (behuising, vervoer, stedelike grondgebruik) sowel as die fiskale karaktertrekke van die streek. Na die Nasionale verkiesing in 1994, het die nuwe regering die Heropbou en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP) geimplementeer om sosiale en ekonomiese probleme aan te spreek. Die HOP is in 1996 gevolg deur die "Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategie. As deel van die GEAR strategie, is Ruimtelike ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe deur die Nasionale Regering ingestel om streeksongelykhede aan te spreek en volhoubare lang termyn ontwikkeling, ekonomiese groei en werksgeleenthede te verseker vir die streek. Ag ruimtelike ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe (ROI) is ingestel, waarvan die Weskus Beleggingsinisiatief een is. Die Saldanha Staal projek (SSP) is die fokusprojek van die Weskus Beleggingsinisiatief. Die inisiatief is geidentifiseer as 'n gemengde industrieële en landboutoerisme ROI. Groot verwagtinge is geskep ten opsigte van die hoeveelheid werksgeleenthede wat geskep sal word deur die SSP, sowel as ekonomiese vooruitgang en ontwikkeling binne die streek. Die werkstuk evalueer die sosio-ekonomiese impak van die SSP deur te fokus op demografiese aspekte, sosiale infrastruktuur en dienste, indiensneming en inkome, behuising en ontwikkeling, infrastruktuurvoorsiening sowel as die SSP se betrokkenheid by die gemeenskappe van die Groter Saldanha en omgewing.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the construction of the causeway and the jetty during the early 1970’s in Saldanha Bay, various alterations to the coastline in the area of the Langebaan Lagoon mouth were observed. These alterations include the erosion of Langebaan Beach located near the town of Langebaan. An investigation was undertaken to identify the possible impact these structures had on the hydrodynamics and sediment transport of the Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon systems, focusing on the entrance to the Langebaan Lagoon. A two-dimensional numerical model was implemented for this investigation. The outdated information available for the generation of a bathymetry, which indicated the conditions prior to the erosion of Langebaan Beach, complicated the calibration process. However, calibration of the numerical model was acceptable. Due to the bathymetry not providing an indication on the current situation at the Langebaan Lagoon mouth, the results from the numerical model were approached with caution, providing an overview of the hydrodynamics present in Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon and would be able to broaden the understanding of the impact the causeway and jetty had on the hydrodynamics and sediment transport of Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon. Results provided by the sediment transport model only provide an indication on the effect tidal variations and wind forcing have on the bay and lagoon and not realistic total sediment transport rates due to the omission of wave action during the modelling process. Results from the numerical model, based on tidal oscillations and wind forcing only, have indicated that no major impact on the hydrodynamics and sediment transport were experienced due to the construction of the causeway and the jetty. During the investigation of the impact of various extreme water level and extreme wind conditions, it has been observed that a 1 in 100 year wind velocity across the longest fetch towards Langebaan Beach resulted in the greatest velocities prior to the construction of the causeway and the jetty, and after the construction of the causeway and the jetty tidal storms, or storm surge, generated the greatest velocities and thus the most sediment transport in the main channels of the mouth of the Langebaan Lagoon. From this investigation it was recommended that future studies would require an updated survey of the area, to ensure accurate modelling of the conditions as experienced during field surveys. Further recommendations on the investigation of sediment transport were the inclusion of wave action to provide realistic results. Wave action is a fundamental part of sediment transport along the coastline. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die konstruksie van die breekwater en die kaai gedurende die vroeg 1970’s in Saldanhbaai, is verskeie veranderings aan die kuslyn in die gebied van die Langebaan strandmeer mond waargeneem. Hierdie veranderinge sluit in die erodering van Langebaan Strand, geleë naby die dorp van Langebaan. 'n Ondersoek is onderneem om die moontlike impak van die bogenoemde strukture op die hidrodinamika en sedimentvervoer van die Saldanhabaai en die Langebaan strandmeer stelsels, veral die strandmeer se kanale, met die fokus op die ingang na die Langebaan strandmeer te ondersoek. 'n Twee-dimensionele numeriese model is gebruik vir hierdie ondersoek. Die verouderde inligting van die seebodem wat beskikbaar was vir die opwekking van die numeriese model het die kalibrasieproses bemoeilik. Alhoewel hierdie proses bemoeilik is kon ‘n aanvaarbare kalibrasie bereik word. Aangesien die gemodelleerde area en die werklike area nie ooreengestem het nie is resultate van die numeriese model omsigtig benader en die resultate geskik gevind om die kennis oor die moontlike impak wat die breekwater en die kaai op die hidrodinamika en sedimentvervoer van Saldanhabaai en die Langebaan strandmeer het, te verbreed. Resultate uit die sedimentvervoer model verskaf slegs ‘n aanduiding van die sedimentvervoer wat deur gety veranderings en wind gegenereer word. Werklike sediment vervoer sal die effect van golfaksie ook in ag moet neem, wat in hierdie studie uitgesluit is. Golfaksie is van kardinale belang by sediment vervoer langs ‘n kuslyn. Resultate van die numeriese model, gebaseer op gety en wind alleen, het aangedui dat geen groot impak op die hidrodinamika en sedimentvervoer as gevolg van die konstruksie van die breekwater en die kaai in Saldanhabaai ervaar word nie. Gedurende die ondersoek van die impak van verskeie ekstreme watervlak en uiterste windtoestande, is dit opgemerk dat 'n 1 in 100 jaar windsnelheid oor die langste stryklengte na Langebaan Strand gelei het tot die grootste vloei snelhede in die hoofkanale voor die konstruksie van die breekwater en die kaai. Na die konstruksie van die breekwater en die kaai is gevind dat gety storms die grootste snelhede en dus ook die meeste sedimentvervoer gegenereer het by Langebaan Strand. Uit hierdie ondersoek is dit aanbeveel dat toekomstige studies opgedateerde opmetings van die gebied moet uitvoer wat akkurate modellering, gebaseer op die toestande soos in die veld, sal verseker. Verdere aanbevelings oor die ondersoek van sediment vervoer is die modellering van .golfaksie wat van kardinale belang is in sediment vervoer langs ‘n kuslyn en dus meer realistiese resultate sal lewer.