Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1972. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-107).

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. / "January 1997." "Prepared for: Oceanographer of the Navy, OPNAV 096, Washington, DC 20392-5421." "NPS-OC-97-002." Includes bibliographical references (p. 152).

Thesis (M.S.)--San Diego State University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-75).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. / "June 1988." Funding provided by the National Science Foundation under grant Numbers OCE 82-13967, and OCE 85-15642, and by the WHO/MIT Joint Program Ventures Fund. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-146).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-45). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:45:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000846995.pdf: 1756080 bytes, checksum: 052d939207340449172950aee7605554 (MD5) / O trabalho foi conduzido no setor de produção agrícola da Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia - MS, da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), com o intuito de avaliar a produção de melancia em função do manejo da fertirrigação visando atingir diferentes condutividades elétricas do solo (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4; 3,0 e 3,6 dS m-1). O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos, I e II, que foram instalados em maio e setembro de 2014 respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado nos experimentos I e II foi o de blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos (condutividades elétricas da solução do solo) e quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por duas linhas de oito metros contendo dez plantas cada uma, sendo a parcela útil constituída pelas 8 plantas centrais de cada linha. Foram realizadas as análises de pH, condutividade elétrica, N-NH4 +, N-NO3 - e K+ na solução do solo coletada durante o ciclo da cultura. Também foram feitas a análise foliar e medida de intensidade de cor verde das folhas. Quanto às características da produção, foram avaliados o comprimento e diâmetro de fruto, espessura da casca do fruto, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT) e relação SS/AT da polpa dos frutos, número de frutos, produtividade total e produtividade comercial de frutos de melancia. A condutividade elétrica da solução do solo foi efetiva na discriminação dos tratamentos, sendo uma medida de grande importância para o manejo da fertirrigação. Recomenda-se a manutenção da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo em 2,0 dS m-1 para plantios no mês de maio e de 2,5 dS m-1 em plantios no mês de setembro. / This work was carried in the agricultural production sector at Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia (Casilandia University Unit) - MS, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), in order to evaluate watermelon production due to the management of fertigation aiming to reach different electrical soil conductivity (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4; 3,0 e 3,6 dS m-1). Two experiments were performed (I and II) in May and September 2014, through randomized block design with six treatments (electrical conductivity of the soil solution) and four replications. Each portion was composed by two rows of eight meters with ten plants each. The available portion was constituted of eight central plants in each line. pH Analyses, electrical conductivity, N- NH4 +, N- NO3 - and K+ were performed in the soil solution collected during the crop cycle. Foliar analysis and measuring of the color intensity of green sheets were accomplished as well. In relation to production traits, length and fruit diameter, thickness of the peel, pH, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and SS / TA ratio of the fruit pulp, number of fruits, total and commercial productivity of watermelon fruits were evaluated. The electrical conductivity of the soil solution was effective and it had a relevant role in discriminating treatments for fertigation management. It is recommended electrical conductivity of the soil solution in 2.0 dS m-1 for planting in May and 2.5 dS m-1 for planting in September

Orientador: Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos / Banca: Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri / Banca: Priscila Lupino Gratão / Resumo: A germinação de sementes é um processo crítico no ciclo vital das plantas superiores e muito susceptível às condições adversas do ambiente, as quais podem causar o estresse oxidativo, resultante do aumento de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), que podem causar danos às proteínas e iniciar a peroxidação lipídica nas membranas celulares. A aplicação do ácido salicílico e espermidina e de grande importância na proteção do tecido vegetal dos efeitos prejudiciais dos estresses, restaurando os padrões normais de crescimento evidenciando a função essencial no metabolismo celular. Diante disso o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos do estresse salino na germinação e no crescimento inicial de duas espécies de leguminosas forrageiras, guandu cv. BRS Mandarim e labe-labe cv. Rongai, avaliando-se os seguintes parâmetros bioquímicos-fisiológicos: i) efeito exógeno do ácido salicílico e da poliamina espermidina; ii) atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), ascorbatoperoxidase (APX) e catalase (CAT). iii) peroxidação lipídica e iv) teores de glicina betaína. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 2x2x4+1, sendo as duas cultivares, guandu, cv. BRS Mandarim (C1) e labe-labe cv. Rongai (C2); dois tipos de atenuadores (0,5 mM de AS ou Spd); quatro concentrações de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) para induzir diferentes níveis de estresse salino, expressos em mM: 0,0 (S1); 20 (S2); 40 (S3) e 60 (S4). Nas plantas sob salinidade, a Spd e o AS aumentaram o crescimento da parte aérea das espécies, mas diminuíram a germinação e o crescimento de raízes nas plântulas. A Spd aumentou a atividade da CAT, enquanto que o AS aumentou a atividade da SOD e da APX, nas plântulas sob estresse salino. O uso do AS e da Spd ocasionaram no decréscimo de glicina betaína. O labe-labe é menos sensível ao estresse salino... / Abstract: Seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of superior plants and very susceptible to adverse environmental conditions which can cause oxidative stress, resulting from the increase of reactive oxygen species (EROS), which may cause damage to proteins and initiate lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. The application of salicylic acid and spermidine is a great importance in protecting the plant tissue from the harmful stress effects, restoring the normal growth standards showing the key role in cell metabolism. In view of that, the aim of this study was verify the effects of salt stress on germination and initial growth of two species of forage legumes, pigeonpea cv. BRS Mandarim and lablab bean cv. Rongai evaluating the following biochemical and physiological parameters: i) exogenous effect of salicylic acid and polyamine spermidine; ii) activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT); iii)lipid peroxidation; iv) content of glycine betaine. The statistics experimental design was randomized completely in a factorial scheme 2x3x4, the two cultivars, pigeonpea cv. BRS Mandarin (C1) and lablab bean cv. Rongai (C2); Two types of attenuators (0.5 mM AS or Spd); four concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) to induce different levels of salt stress, expressed in mM: 0.0 (S1); 20 (S2); 40 (S3) and 60 (S4) . In plants under salinity, the Spd and AS increased the aerial parts of the species, but decreased germination and root growth in seedlings. The Spd increased the CAT activity, while the AS increased the SOD and APX acitivity, in the seedlings under salt stress. The use of AS and Spd caused decrease in glycine betaine. The lablab bean is less sensitive to salt stress than Guandu studied in this experiment. The obtained results in this experiment showed that the compounds (Spd and AS) are beneficial for mitigation of salt stress in both ... / Mestre

Microalgae have been recognized as one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuel production. In the Regional Algal Feedstock Testbed (RAFT) project, scientists and engineers have been working on various topics including improving cultivation strategy, optimizing culture system, developing production models, controlling contamination, and so on. One of the objectives in this project is to improve an algae cultivation model for productivity prediction and techno-economic assessment. The model adopted in this project is the Huesemann Algae Biomass Growth (HABG) model which is based upon strain characteristics obtained from laboratory experiments. However, because the model assumed optimal growth conditions for microalgae, it over-predicted biomass growth significantly when its results were compared to outdoor raceway experimental data. For example, in an attempt to control contamination, culture salinity was raised to a high level. The high salinity may limit growth of contaminants, but it also causes stress on salinity sensitive strains of microalgae. Researchers also lowered nutrient fertilization rates in order to minimize fertilizer input and cost of production. However, this introduced nutrient stress and lowered the growth rate of microalgae. In the raceways used in the RAFT project, shade covered a large fraction of the culture surface when solar angle was low. All of these growth limiting factors were not included in the original model. In this study, salinity stress, nitrogen limitation and shading effect were incorporated into the model. Growth rate reduction due to salinity stress and nitrogen limitation were quantified through laboratory experiments. An innovative concept of nitrogen availability was introduced, which estimates the nitrogen stress factor without measuring intracellular nitrogen. The shading factor was calculated based on solar position during the day and raceway geometry. The modification greatly improved the model accuracy. In addition to HABG model improvements, this study also focused on nutrient application. Several experiments were performed in both indoor and outdoor systems to improve field cultivation practices. The nitrogen experiments provided not only the growth kinetics that improved the growth model, but also demonstrated that high lipid accumulation rate was triggered at different nitrogen stress intensities for different strains. Stress should be applied depending the saturation demand of the final lipid product. In order to quickly evaluate the nitrogen status in the culture, a nitrogen stress index using optical density was proposed. Experiments in RAFT experiments supported the feasibility of applying the method in outdoor cultivation. This study also investigated maximum biomass yields of nitrogen and phosphorus for producing S. obliquus biomass with indoor bench scale experiments. The results were tested in the outdoor raceways and demonstrated the potential of using fertilizer more efficiently in microalgae cultivation.

The relative abundance of coho salmon (Oncorhmchus kisutch) in the Kains island troll fishing area was computed, for the years 1943 to 1951 inclusive, on the basis of the average catch per boat per day each year. The resulting figures varied from a minimum of 75, pounds per boat per day in 1946 to a maximum of 231 pounds per boat per day in 1951. These yield per unit effort figures were then statistically compared with the average surface salinity, or average surface temperature, for various periods in the life history of the coho taken by the fishery in these years. It was found that a very high correlation (r = 0.85, p = 0.01 - 0.001) existed between the average "summer" salinity (June to September inclusive) and the poundage yield per unit effort during that same year. It is suggested that this correlation is explainable in terms of varying growth rates in different years, and by variations in the numbers of fish taken in these years, both of these factors being governed by the availability of food, as evidenced by surface salinity. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Distributions of salinity, temperature, and oxygen of Bute Inlet based on eleven oceanographic surveys between the period August 1950 to August 1952 have been examined. The shallow salinity structures of the various seasons can be classified under two main groups, those occurring at periods of small river runoff and the others occurring at periods of large river runoff. In general, the surface salinity increases to seaward and with depth during all seasons. The surface water along the western shore is almost always observed to be less saline than along the eastern shore. The salinity of the deep water is 30.6 % during both periods. The seasonal fluctuation of salinities at the surface is well-marked but below a depth of 60 feet no normal cycle exists. The temperature distributions of both seasons can also be grouped under two main seasons, namely, Winter and Summer. During both seasons the surface temperature generally increases to seaward. The temperature gradients in the upper layers during the Winter and Summer are positive (increasing vertically downward) and negative (decreasing vertically downward) respectively. From the Spring Transitional to the late Autumn, a well-defined temperature minimum, which becomes indistinguishable at the mouth, is evident in the intermediate depths. The water in the greater depths has a temperature of 8°C and remains almost unchanged throughout the seasons. The seasonal temperature variation of the surface and sub-surface water down to a depth of 150 feet is in phase with the air temperature cycle but below this it is less noticeable. Insolation and cold runoff water from the rivers are predominant factors in determining the fluctuation in the temperature. The concentration of dissolved oxygen is usually high in the surface layer. The water at the greater depth is not stagnant as evidenced by the oxygen concentration. The characteristic water types of this inlet are: the Deep Water, Runoff Water, Intermediate Water and Winter Surface Water. The three distinct layers in the oceanographic structures are: the upper brackish layer, mixed layer, and lower layer. The main circulation of this inlet is estuarine. Eddy coefficient of diffusivity of values 0.65 and 0.58 g./cm./ sec., have been determined for the water above and below the layer of minimum temperature respectively. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate