Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-137). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Six different nations have claimed sovereignty over some or all of the current state of Texas. In the early nineteenth century, Spain ruled Texas. Then Mexico rebelled against Spain, and from 1821 to 1836 Texas was a Mexican province. In 1836, Texas Anglo settlers rebelled against Mexican rule and established a separate republic. The early Anglo settlers brought their form of civilization to a region that the Spanish had not been able to subdue for three centuries. They defeated a professional army and eventually overwhelmed Native American tribes who wished to maintain their way of life without inference from intruding Anglo settlers. This history fostered a people who consider themselves capable of doing anything—an exceptional population imbued with a fierce sense of nationalistic and local rooted in the mythic memoirs of the first Anglo settlers. The purpose of this study is to explore the origin and development of Texan exceptionalist beliefs. The “taming of the Texas wilderness,” the Alamo, the defeat of Santa Anna at San Jacinto, the formation of a republic that earned recognition by major foreign powers, Stephen F. Austin, Davy Crockett, William Travis, are all elements in the great Texas myth. From the letters and documents of the early settlers, the extensive papers of Stephen F. Austin, the war papers of the Texas Revolution, newspapers of the era, and other sources, it is apparent that the early Texas settler did not come to Texas for any altruistic purpose. Texas provided a second chance for many who had been previously unsuccessful and an opportunity to gain riches from the extensive land bounty granted by the Mexican government. This research provides additional depth to a neglected part of Texas history. Removing the mystique of the Texas legend reveals a far more colorful and complex period. These early Texans were a complex, divided, greedy, racist people who changed the course of the United States and established a legend that has withstood the test of time.

The San Andreas fault forms the right lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. At various locations along the San Andreas fault the geometry of the fault surface is much more complex than a straight, vertical, plane. The San Bernardino Mountain segment of the San Andreas fault, in the San Gorgonio Pass region has one of the most complex active fault geometries in southern California due to a left-stepping restraining bend in the San Andreas fault. The evolution of the actively faulting pass has created an intricate network of active and formerly active, dipping and vertical, three-dimensionally irregular fault surfaces. The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of the mechanics of the present day active fault geometry and the evolution in the San Gorgonio pass region, through numerical modeling. We use the three-dimensional Boundary Element Method modeling code Poly3D to simulate different fault configurations. We see that fault geometries that include geologically observed and inferred fault dips match geologic data more accurately than simplified, vertical faults in the San Gorgonio Pass region of the San Andreas fault. The evolution of the San Andreas Fault in the San Gorgonio Pass region over the past million years may follow the principle of work minimization in the Earth’s crust up until the present day configuration.

San Jacinto 1, an archaeological site located in the savanna region of the north coast of Colombia, South America, reveals evidence for logistically mobile hunter-gatherers who made pottery and collected and processed plants from 5940 ± 60 BP until 5190 ± 40 BP (6000-5000 BC calibrated dates). The site is discussed in terms of the social and economic context of the early evidence of pottery in the New World. Social activities and aggregation are indicated and tied to the use of logistic mobility strategies within a restricted territoriality in a highly seasonal environment. Lithic technology also points to the intensification of plant processing as an early stage in the continuum leading to a dependency on food production. This is the first time that a special-purpose site of this kind has been reported for the American tropics. / San Jacinto 1, un sitio arqueológico localizado en la región sabanera de la costa norte de Colombia, revela la evidencia de cazadores-recolectores que realizaron trabajos de alfarería y procesaron plantas silvestres desde 5940 ± 60 a.p. hasta 5190 ± 40 a.p. (6000-5000 a.C. en fechados calibrados). El sitio es tratado en términos del contexto social y económico de evidencia temprana de alfarería en el Nuevo Mundo. Las actividades sociales y el conjunto de artefactos arqueológicos están relacionados con el uso de estrategias de movilidad logística dentro de un territorio restringido en un ambiente muy estacional. La tecnología lítica se relaciona con el procesamiento de plantas silvestres recolectadas, algo que representa, al parecer, una etapa temprana en el proceso que llevó a una dependencia de la producción de alimentos. Esta es la primera vez que un sitio con propósitos especiales de este tipo es reportado para los trópicos americanos.

Excavations at San Jacinto: A U-Shaped Temple in the Chancay ValleySan Jacinto is the largest U-shaped complex in the Chancay valley. By excavations in 1993 the author was able to propose a fourfold sequence based on ceramic typology and comparisons, especially with Ancon and Curayacu. In phase III evidence of contacts with other sites appear as well as the "Dragonian" style, also found at Ancon, Huacoy, Garagay and Chavin de Huantar, while in phase IV Janabarriu-ceramics seem to be dominant. These ceramic changes apparently are linked to architectural modification of a complex interpreted as the center of a social political system dominating the lower and middle Chancay Valley. / San Jacinto es el complejo en U más grande del valle de Chancay. Por excavaciones llevadas a cabo en 1983, la autora propone una secuencia de cuatro fases basada en tipología cerámica y comparaciones con otros sitios, particularmente con Ancón y Curayacu. En la fase III se observa contacto con otros sitios como la aparición del estilo "Dragoniano" también presente en Ancón, Huacoy, Garagay y Chavín de Huantar. En la fase IV la cerámica es semejante a la de la fase Janabarriu. Cambios correspondientes también se observan en la arquitectura. La autora interpreta San Jacinto como centro de un sistema sociopolítico que dominaba el medio y bajo valle de Chancay.

The goal of this project being to provide a unique strategy that integrates new curriculum, instructional methods, and distance technology to position higher education as a key participant in workforce and economic development.

The Clark fault is one of the primary dextral faults in the San Jacinto fault zone system, southern California. Previous mapping of the Clark fault at its southern termination in the San Felipe Hills reveals it as a broad right lateral shear zone that ends north of the crossing, northeast-striking, left-lateral Extra fault. We investigate the relationship between the dextral Clark fault and the sinistral Extra fault to determine whether the Clark fault continues to the southeast. We present new structural, geophysical and geomorphic data that show that the Extra fault is a ~7 km wide, coordinated fault array comprised of four to six left-lateral fault zones. Active strands of the Clark fault zone persists through the Extra fault array to the Superstition Hills fault in the subsurface and rotate overlying sinistral faults in a clockwise sense. New detailed structural mapping between the San Felipe and Superstition Hills confirms that there is no continuous trace of the Clark fault zone at the surface but the fault zone has uplifted an elongate region ~950 km. sq. of latest Miocene to Pleistocene basin-fill in the field area and far outside of it. Detailed maps and cross sections of relocated microearthquakes show two earthquake swarms, one in 2007 and another in 2008 that project toward the San Felipe Hills, Tarantula Wash and Powerline strands of the dextral Clark fault zone in the San Felipe Hills, or possibly toward the parts of the Coyote Creek fault zone. We interpret two earthquake swarms as activating the San Jacinto fault zone beneath the Extra fault array. These data coupled with deformation patterns in published InSAR data sets suggest the presence of possible dextral faults at seismogenic depths that are not evident on the surface. We present field, geophysical and structural data that demonstrate dominantly left-lateral motion across the Extra fault array with complex motion on secondary strands in damage zones. Slickenlines measured within three fault zones in the Extra fault array reveal primarily strike-slip motion on the principal fault strands. Doubly-plunging anticlines between right-stepping en echelon strands of the Extra fault zone are consistent with contraction between steps of left-lateral faults and are inconsistent with steps in dominantly normal faults. Of the 21 published focal mechanisms for earthquakes in and near the field area, all record strike-slip and only two have a significant component of extension. Although the San Sebastian Marsh area is dominated by northeast-striking leftlateral faults at the surface, the Clark fault is evident at depth beneath the field area, in rotated faults, in microseismic alignments, and deformation in the Sebastian uplift. Based on these data the Clark fault zone appears to be continuous at depth to the Superstition Hills fault, as Fialko (2006) hypothesized with more limited data sets.

Although community colleges offer opportunities for diverse students to achieve their educational goals, African American males continue to rank at the bottom of most academic success measures such as semester-to-semester retention and degree completion. Research shows that factors associated with teaching excellence (how well a faculty member exhibits enthusiasm, clarity, preparation/organization, stimulation, and love of knowledge) should encourage student engagement. The following research questions are proposed for this study: 1. How do faculty discuss teaching excellence relative to the academic engagement of African American males? 2. How do African American male students discuss the importance of faculty members’ race in relationship to their academic engagement? 3. How, if at all, does the age of an African American male student impact his academic engagement? 4. How do first-generation and second-generation collegiate African American male college students differ, if at all, in academic engagement? To conduct this research, a mixed method paradigm will be used. A quantitative instrument will be utilized to identify highly engaged African American male students and those who teach them. Qualitative analysis will lead to discovery of how teaching excellence affects the engagement of the target population of students. This research will add to current literature by examining the impact of the criteria of teaching excellence on African American male students in predominately white community colleges. / text

The nation-state of Texas was forged in the crucible of frontier warfare. From 1822 to 1836, the embattled Anglo-American settlers of Colonial Tejas and the Texas Revolution formed an adaptive mounted arms tradition to facilitate territorial defense and aggression. This evolution incorporated martial influences from the United States, Mexico, and Amerindians, as the colonists first adapted tactically as mounted militia in Anglo-Indian warfare, and then adapted organizationally as nationalized corps of rangers and cavalry during the Texan War for Independence. While the colonial conflicts centered exclusively on counterguerrilla interdiction and expeditions against Native opponents, the revolutionary contest included simultaneous engagement in unconventional and conventional campaigns against tribal warriors and the Mexican Army. These combat experiences resulted in a versatile frontier cavalry tradition based in mobility, firepower, and tactical adaptation, which subsequently served Texas throughout a century of border and wartime conflicts. / text

Damage zones adjacent to or associated with faults are important to the geologic community because of their implications to hazards and their ability to preserve evidence for, and show history of, slip, fluid flow, and deformation associated with large strike-slip faults. We examine two fault zones in southern California where fault zone damage is expressed. We revisit the drilled crystalline core from the Cajon Pass California drill hole, 4 km northeast of the San Andreas fault (SAF), and 1 km north of the Cleghorn fault, to perform a systematic structural analysis of deformation and alteration associated with strike-slip faulting at the site. The core preserved 19 fault zones, 11 of which were not previously identified. The most significant fault is a fully intact steep-dipping fault zone at 3,402 m depth with potassium feldspar and epidote alteration. This fault correlates well with the nearby left-lateral Cleghorn fault. The extent of deformation varies within the core, and is controlled by the size of the fault zones intersected by the core. The extent of deformation varies and is controlled by the size of the faults the core intersected. We also examined the nature of right separation across the Clark fault damage zone along the Santa Rosa segment using a marker assemblage of biotite, hornblende-bearing tonalite - marble - bearing metasedimentary rocks - migmatite located in Coyote Mountain and the southeast Santa Rosa Mountains. Separation measured from this study is 16.8 km + 3.67 km / -6.03 km. Our measurement uses the updated location of the Clark fault in Clark Lake Valley and matches a distinctive lithologic contact across the fault instead of matching the diffuse western boundary of the Eastern Peninsular mylonite zone as previously used. We calculate the errors associated with projecting the contacts across Quaternary cover to the trace of the Clark fault, and consider a range of projections. Additional strain may have been accommodated in folds and small faults within the damage zone of the San Jacinto fault zone. Two large map-scale folds deform the marker assemblage near the San Jacinto fault zone and we tested whether Cretaceous ductile deformation or brittle late Quaternary right slip produced the folds.