Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo etnografar como à ser crianÃa no Parque Santa Filomena e como a experiÃncia da infÃncia à concebida pelos dois universos geracionais: o das crianÃas e o dos adultos. Para isso, priorizamos como nossos interlocutores as crianÃas, questionando o modelo adultocÃntrico que, mesmo nas pesquisas sobre crianÃas, as concebem a partir das falas dos adultos. O Parque Santa Filomena à uma comunidade do bairro Jangurussu, Fortaleza - CE, estigmatizada por ter sido fundada ao redor do âlixÃoâ e por ser representada na grande imprensa como um territÃrio com altos Ãndices de violÃncia. Essa representaÃÃo influencia no modo como os adultos concebem a infÃncia, que passa a ser mobilizada pelo medo da violÃncia e, em conjunto com as instituiÃÃes frequentadas pelas crianÃas, adotam prÃticas de maior controle e disciplinamento como forma de prevenÃÃo a um devir violento e a construÃÃo de um âadulto idealâ. Em contraponto, as crianÃas resistem ao âmundo adultoâ e criam suas prÃprias estratÃgias para fazer o que mais gostam: brincar na rua! O ato de brincar à significado pelas crianÃas como o demarcador da infÃncia na comunidade, que vai deixando de ser crianÃa quando perde o interesse por esta atividade. Analisamos ainda o encontro entre as crianÃas e a violÃncia, como este fenÃmeno à conceituado pelas crianÃas e como elas o experienciam, sejam como agentes, vÃtimas ou ainda espectadoras. Por fim, nesta investigaÃÃo, nos apoiamos na discussÃo atual em torno da Antropologia da CrianÃa e da Sociologia da InfÃncia. Todavia, outros atores e escolas do pensamento sociolÃgico, por vezes, sÃo acionados na perspectiva beckerniana do uso das teorias como âcaixa de ferramentasâ. Como âmeio de acercamentoâ da realidade estudada, optamos pela etnografia, com observaÃÃo participante e tambÃm utilizamos tÃcnicas complementares de pesquisa, tais como, grupo focal, desenhos, fotografias, vÃdeo e entrevista. / The aim of the present paper is to conduct etnography on what it is like to be a child in Parque Santa Filomena and how the childhood experience is conceived by two generational universes: the childrenâs a and adultâs one. In this regard, children were prioritized as interlocutors, questioning the adult-centric model, which even in the researches about children conceive them from an adultsâ perspective. Parque Santa Filomena is a community within Jangurussu, Fortaleza-ce, stigmatized by the fact it was founded around a landfill and by being represented by the mainstream media as a territory with high violence rates. Such representation influences the way adults conceive childhood, who become mobilized by the fear of violence and, in conjunction with the institutions attended by children, adopt practices of great control and discipliningÂas a way to prevent from a violent become and to build and âideal adultâ. Nonetheless, children resist to the âadult worldâ and create their own strategies to do what they like the most: playing on the streets! The act of playing is signified as a demarcation of childhood in the community by children, who are no longer children when they lose interest in this activity. The encounter between children and violence was also analyzed, as well as how this phenomenon is conceptualized by children and how they experience it, either as agents, victims or even spectators. Lastly this investigation relied on the current discussion towards the Anthropology of Children and the Sociology of Childhood. Nevertheless, other actors and schools of thoughts were sometimes accessed upon the Beckernian approach in the use of theories such as âtoolboxâ. As a way to get close to the studied reality, ethnography with participative observation was chosen and other complementary techniques were applied in the research, such as focus group, draws, photography, video and interview.

El presente informe reúne los resultados de la evaluación cuantitativa de niveles de mercurio en muestras de orina de 24 horas en trabajadores mineros artesanales de la comunidad de Santa Filomena ubicada en el distrito de Sancos, provincia de Lucanas, departamento de Ayacucho, a 600 Km. al sur de Lima. En el estudio se encontró que del 100% (31 muestras) de la población evaluada el 67.74% (21 muestras) presentó niveles de mercurio incrementado en el rango de 41 a 90 µg/L. (valores referenciales provistos por OMS ). Los grupos etáreos con más altos valores de contaminación fueron los adultos jóvenes de 24 a 34 años, y los niños de 2 a 12 años que representan el 29.03% y 19.35 % de la población total respectivamente, obtuvieron valores en el rango (40–90 µg Hg/L). De la misma forma se observa que del total de mujeres evaluadas, el 75% de ellas (6 muestras) presenta concentraciones de mercurio de 40 a 90 ug/L y del total de varones 65.22% de ellos (15 muestras) presentan esta misma concentración. El 58.06% de la población en estudio, quienes se exponen de 0 a 7 horas por semana presentan una concentración de mercurio en orina en cantidad significativa (de 40 a 90 ug Hg /L). / -- The present report reunites the results of the quantitative evaluation of mercury levels in samples of orina of 24 hours in artisan mining workers of the community of Santa Filomena located in district of Sancos, province of Lucanas, departament of Ayacucho, to 600 km to the south of Lima. In the study one was that of 100% (31 samples) of the evaluated population the 67,74% (21 samples) presented/displayed mercury levels increased in the rank from 41 to 90 µg/L. (referential values provided by OMS). The etáreos groups with more high values of contamination were the young adults of 24 to 34 years, and the children of 2 to 12 years that represent 29,03 % and 19,35 % of the total population respectively obtained values in rank (40. 90 µg Hg / L). Of the same form is observed that of the total of evaluated women the 75% of them (6 samples) ug/L presents/displays mercury concentrations from 40 to 90 and of the total of men 65,22% of them (15 samples) they present/display this same concentration. The 58,06% of the population in study, who expose themselves of 0 to 7 hours per week present/display a mercury concentration in orina in significant amount (from 40 to 90 ug Hg / L).