Pharmacists play an important role in the system of medical care, yet for a long period of time, the government has failed to effectively and thoroughly enforce the established policy "Separation of Medicine and Pharmacy". Traditionally, medical resources in Taiwan have long been in control of the medical circles, which results in disregard for pharmacists' duty and status. In the system of medical care, pharmacists are regarded as inferior, while in the whole link of medical care, pharmacists play a crucial role in treatment and health of patients. Job satisfaction of doctors and nurses is commonly the focus of research in numbers of literature reviews; on the contrary, pharmacists are rarely taken as the subjects of research. Therefore, job satisfaction of pharmacists is worth investigating. According to the characteristics of their work, pharmacists are generally classified into five types--hospital pharmacists, clinic pharmacists, drug store pharmacists, pharmaceutical pharmacists, and marketing pharmacists. This study mainly makes an induction of the data deriving from questionnaires to pharmacists in Kaohsiung to survey job satisfaction in terms of the seven aspects--Personal Factor, Work Condition, Organization System, Pay Welfare, Coworker Relationship, Work Environment, and In-service Study. Based on the data collected, this study aims to explore the overall job satisfaction of pharmacists and the differences in their job satisfaction and needs among the five work types of pharmacists. The influential factors behind the differences are investigated as well. The study functions as a reference for new pharmacists in choosing their work types. In addition, the study offers referential information to hospitals, clinics, pharmacy industries, cosmetics manufacturers, medicine marketing corporations, community pharmacy conductors, and even health authorities. Through the study, those related get a better understanding of pharmacists' job satisfaction and needs to improve management, and then promote pharmacists' work quality. The major findings are as follows: 1. The overall job satisfaction of pharmacists is between average and satisfaction. In the seven aspects of job satisfaction, "Coworker Relationship" stands the highest with "Personal Factor" following. The two aspects that indicate the lowest satisfaction are "Organization System", and "Pay Welfare". 2. There is no significant difference in overall job satisfaction among pharmacists of the five work types. With a further analysis, the differences in job satisfaction are mainly detected in the two aspects of "Pay Welfare", and "Work Environment". The satisfaction of clinic pharmacists is significantly higher than that of hospital pharmacists and marketing pharmacists in the aspect of "Pay Welfare". 3. As to the correlation between individual variations and job satisfaction, such variations as gender, marriage and study plan cause no significant differences in each aspect of job satisfaction. However, other variations--age, education, work year, pay, full/part time, work hour, and post result in significant differences in some items of questionnaires regarding job satisfaction.

Problématique: L’obésité infantile est en augmentation partout en occident. La qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation des jeunes Canadiens et Québécois est à améliorer. D’après les modèles écologiques, l’environnement alimentaire scolaire figure parmi les déterminants environnementaux de l’alimentation, celui-ci considéré comme étant un milieu prometteur pour des interventions visant à augmenter la consommation de fruits et légumes. La politique- cadre pour une saine alimentation et un mode de vie physiquement active, créée en 2008, est intégrée en 2011 aux services alimentaires scolaires de la Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM). Cependant, ses effets ont été peu mesurés. Objectif: L’objectif général est d’analyser les attentes et les motivations alimentaires des élèves du primaire et du secondaire à l’égard des services alimentaires de la CSDM. Méthodologie: En 2014, un sondage électronique rempli par des élèves du primaire et du secondaire de la CSDM intégrait une question ouverte portant sur les aliments attendus au secondaire. S’adressant uniquement aux élèves du secondaire, une question abordait leur(s) motivation(s) à utiliser leur service alimentaire. Suivant une approche inductive, deux grilles de codification furent développées pour l’analyse des données. Résultats : Au total, 1253 jeunes du primaire issus de 65 écoles et 2613 jeunes du secondaire issus de 27 écoles ont complété la question sur leurs attentes. Si une majorité des jeunes a nommé des aliments spécifiques, plusieurs ont aussi précisé leurs réponses avec des éléments suggérant des motivations alimentaires sous-jacentes tels les marques commerciales, la santé, la fraicheur, la variété, le goût, la composition des aliments et le prix. Au total, 2518 jeunes du secondaire ont répondu à la question sur leur motivation à l’utilisation des services. L’offre de certains aliments les motiverait (53%) mais aussi des conditions liées à l’environnement physique (15%) ou social (12%). Discussion : Les jeunes du primaire se démarquent par leurs attentes pour des aliments compatibles avec la politique alimentaire scolaire. Par ailleurs, les jeunes du secondaire recherchent davantage des aliments riches en gras, sucre et sel. Les jeunes du primaire et du secondaire indiquent rechercher des fruits et légumes dans les services alimentaires. Les données probantes sur l’impact d’interventions scolaires misant sur la disponibilité des fruits et légumes rapportent des effets favorables sur les apports alimentaires, ainsi ce type d’intervention aurait de bonnes chances d’avoir un impact positif au Québec. Les dimensions liées à la variété de l’offre alimentaire et aux environnements de services méritent aussi plus d’attention. Conclusion: Les résultats obtenus permettent de mieux identifier les attentes et les motivations alimentaires des jeunes du primaire et du secondaire. Cela pourra permettre à la CSDM d’orienter ses prochaines actions dans la gestion de l’offre dans leurs services alimentaires. / Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing throughout the Western world. The diets of young Canadians and Quebeckers are lacking in nutritional quality. According to the ecological concept of Story et al. (2002), school food services are an environmental factor affecting food intake. The school lunchroom is a promising place to work on increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. In 2011, the Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM), a school board in Montreal, integrated into its school meal services a policy framework created in 2008 for a healthy diet and a physically active lifestyle, the effects of which have yet to be measured. Objective: To analyze the expectations and motivations of elementary and high school students regarding the food offering from CSDM’s school meal services. Method: In 2014, CSDM elementary and high school students completed an online survey with an open-ended question on their expectations of the food offering in high schools. In another question, high school students only were asked to share their motivation(s) for using their school’s meal service. The researchers developed two coding grids. Frequencies were obtained with SPSS statistical software (version 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: 1,253 elementary school students from 65 schools and 2,613 high school students from 27 schools answered questions on their expectations of meal services. While most answers were about specific foods, some contained underlying food motivations, such as trademarks, health, freshness, variety, taste, ingredients and price. In total, 2,518 high school students answered the question about their motivation for using their school’s meal service. The food offering was a motivation for some (53%), but students also cited the conditions related to physical (15%) or social environment (12%). Discussion: Elementary school students are different in that their expectations of the food offering are compatible with the current school food policy. High school students are more drawn to foods that are high in fat, sugar and salt. Both elementary school and high school students expect fruits and vegetables in high school meal services. Literature shows that interventions focusing on fruit and vegetable availability have been successful. An intervention targeting fruit and vegetable availability could have a positive effect on children and youth’s fruit and vegetable intake. Further analysis of dimensions related to variety and meal service environments is also warranted. Conclusion: The results make it possible to more clearly identify the expectations and motivations of elementary and high school students. The CSDM can use this information to guide its future actions in managing the food offering in schools.