The goals of the study were to define the limits of the genus "Boykinia" and to clarify its infrageneric taxonomy. As circumscribed by Engler, "Boykinia" contained nine species in three sections. Three segregate genera have been described however, and at its most fragmented, Engler's "Boykinia" would comprise: "Boykinia", "Neoboykinia", "Peltoboykinia" and "Telesonix". The situation is complicated by other closely related genera, whose limits also need clarification. Narrowly defined, they include "Suksdorfia", "Hemieva", "Hieronymusia", "Bolandra" and "Sullivantia". Methods of approach included an examination of a wide range of herbarium material to allow morphological comparisons of all taxa. Live plants of almost all species were maintained in cultivation and some anatomical observations were made, and an intra- and inter-generic hybridization programme was conducted, on these. The trichome complements of each genus were investigated. Pollen grains and seeds were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Chromosome numbers were confirmed or established for the first time for all but three species. A complete flavonoid analysis of representatives of all genera, including all species of "Boykinia" s.1., was conducted. General ecological observations were made during field work in Alaska and the Western Cordillera of Canada and the U.S.A. The results of these investigations confirmed that the genera form a closely related group. However, much of the evidence combined to suggest the following conclusions: 1) "Boykinia" comprises nine species in three sections (section "Boykinia" includes "B. aconitifolia", "B. intermedia", "B. lycoctoriifolia", "B. occidentalis", "B. rotundifolia" and "B. major; section Renifolium includes "B. richardsonii; and a new section, Telesonix, includes "B. jamesii" and "B. heucheriformis. 2) "Peltoboykinia tellimoides" is recognised as a distinct monotypic genus, with as much affinity with "Saxifraga" as with "Boykinia". It has two subspecies: ssp. "tellimoides" and ssp. "watanabei". 3) "Suksdorfia" is expanded to include "Hemieva" and "Hieronymusia", making a total of three species: "S. ranunculifolia", "S. violacea" and "S. alchemilloides". The range of variation in "Suksdorfia" is similar to that in "Boykinia" and the two genera are considered to have evolved in parallel. 4) "Bolandra" is provisionally retained as a separate genus. It is very close to "Suksdorfia", and further work on "B. californica", which is closest in terms of gross morphology, may lead to a merging of these genera. 5) "Sullivantia" is a distinct genus. Geographical distributions, together with the taxonomic data, allowed some speculation on the evolutionary relationships of the genera. "Boykinia" is probably a Tertiary relict, since it has a disjunct distribution between Japan, western North America and eastern North America. It may share a common ancestor (a "Saxifraga"-like plant) with "Peltoboykinia", which is endemic to Japan. The remaining genera have probably evolved from "Boykinia" stock by adaptive radiation into different habitats. "Sullivantia", an inhabitant of wet cliff faces, probably diverged first. "Suksdorfia" and "Bolandra", characteristic of open and shaded, spring-wet, summer-dry habitats respectively, probably evolved later, in response to the onset of such a climate in the late Pliocene. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate

In the Pacific Northwest, hybridization and polypoid variation have produced confusion in the relationships among Saxifraga rufidula (Small) James Macoun and its relatives. The entities from the Columbia River Gorge are particularly difficult to separate taxonomically. Some authors have recognized several species from that area while others recognize one highly variable, widely distributed species with varietal components. The present study approached the systematic treatment of S. rufidula and related subspecific taxa of S. occidentalis Wats. with data from numerical studies, studies of meiosis, observations of artificial and natural hybrid individuals and populations, breeding system experiments, observations of pollinators, and ecological observations. Polyploid intermediates and plants with introgressant characteristics are shown to occur, many of which appear to be the result of hybridization with the S. integrifolia species complex. Sufficient correlations of morphological, ecological and geographic discontinuities exist to substantiate the treatment of S. rufidula. S. occidentalls var. latipetiolata, S. occidentalis var. dentata, and S. occidentalis var. occidentalis as a species. According to the rules of nomenclature S. rufidula becomes S. aeguidentata. S. occidentalis var. latipetiolata becomes S. latipetiolata, S. occidentalis var. dentata becomes S. gormanii. and S. occidentalis var. occidentalis becomes S. occidentalis. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.S. in botany)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 13, 2010). "School of Biological Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1919. / Vita. "Reprinted from the Studies in the biological sciences, no. 4." "Literature cited": p. [69].

Åbo akademi, 1757, Thesis (doctoral). / At head of title: M.G.H. - Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 09225.1-3. - OCLC, 23684580. - Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University.

Thesis (doctoral)--Åbo akademi, 1757. / At head of title: M.G.H. Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 09225.1-3.

Astilbe (Saxifragaceae) is a genus of herbaceous perennials widely cultivated for their ornamental value. The genus is considered taxonomically complex because of its geographic distribution, variation within species, and the lack of adequate morphological characters to delineate taxa. To date, an inclusive investigation of the genus has not been conducted. This study was undertaken to (a) develop a well-resolved phylogeny of the genus Astilbe using an expanded morphological data set and sequences from the plastid gene matK, (b) use single nucleotide polymorphisms to determine the lineages of cultivated varieties, and (c) successfully culture Astilbe in vitro and evaluate potential somaclonal variation of resulting Astilbe microshoots. Phylogenetic trees generated from a morphological character matrix of 28 character states divided Astilbe into three distinct clades. Relationships were well resolved among the taxa, though only a few branches had greater than 50% bootstrap support. There is evidence from the phylogeny that some described species may actually represent variation within populations of species. From our analysis I propose an Astilbe genus with 13 to 15 species and offer a key for distinguishing species and varieties. There was little matK sequence variation among taxa of Astilbe. Phylogeny of Astilbe generated from the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis of matK sequences resulted in a polytomy of seven Astilbe species, with relationships within the genus poorly resolved. A second phylogeny of 21 taxa of Astilbe was more informative, aligning cultivated varieties near species from which they were derived. The matK sequence variation for Astilbe taxa was aligned to reveal DNA polymorphisms. Closely related taxa retained polymorphisms at the same sites within the gene sequence. These polymorphic sites could potentially be utilized to confirm the lineage of popular cultivated Astilbe varieties. Propagation of Astilbe seedlings in tissue culture gave rise to various numbers of microshoots from each of 15 seedlings. Multivariate and cluster analysis of morphological characters from 138 plants derived from 15 seedlings revealed potential somaclonal variants. These variants were characterized by one or more of the following traits: dwarf habit, dark green leaves (high chlorophyll content), increased flowering, or larger plant size. Somaclonal variants with desirable phenotypes may be valuable for cultivar development. / Ph. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 doria_kmabvs_me_botfca.pdf: 1765521 bytes, checksum: 3c3876d40aef109f0fbe73859a7a9972 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A hortênsia é um arbusto semilenhoso muito apreciado como ornamental no Brasil. No Brasil podemos ressaltar a “Região das Hortênsias” no Sul do país, onde esta ornamental é utilizada em projetos de jardinagem em casas e rodovias. A cidade de Gramado têm a hortênsia como sua flor símbolo. No Estado de São Paulo, ela é comumente encontrada na Região de Campos do Jordão. Plantas de hortênsia apresentando anéis cloróticos e necróticos foram observadas por Yuki et al. (2005) em material proveniente de Arujá, estado de São Paulo. Transmissões por extrato vegetal permitiram a observação de lesões locais cloróticas em Chenopodium quinoa e Gomphrena globosa, indicando infecção causada por vírus. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação e caracterização da espécie viral presente nestas amostras. Inicialmente as amostras foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica, onde puderam ser observadas partículas alongadas filamentosas, medindo cerca de 490 nm, indicando a provável presença de um potexvirus. Oligonucleotídeos específicos Hyd_senso e Hyd_anti_senso foram desenhados para o Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), um potexvirus encontrado comumente em países Europeus e nos Estados Unidos. O RNA total foi extraído pelo método de Bertheau et al. (1998), para posterior análise por RT-PCR utilizando-se estes oligonucleotídeos. Dois fragmentos, um em torno de 550 e outro de 250 nucleotídeos foram amplificados e purificados para realização do sequenciamento genético. Uma identidade de nucleotídeos de 96% e 88% para o fragmento maior e menor respectivamente foi observada para HdRSV (número de acesso AJ 707100.1), indicando tratar-se desta espécie viral. O HdRSV até então era uma praga exótica no Brasil, de forma que foi realizada comunicação ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, que emitiu parecer... / The hydrangea is an ornamental plant very appreciated in Brazil. In South of Brazil, this plant is used in projects for gardening in houses and highways. Hydrangea is the symbol of Gramado´s city. In State of São Paulo this ornamental plant is commonly found in Campos do Jordão. Hydrangea plants showing leaves with chlorotic and necrotic rings were observed by Yuki (2005) in material proceeding from Arujá, State of São Paulo. Chlorotic local lesions were observed on Chenopodium quinoa and Gomphrena globosa, after sap transmission, indicating infection caused by virus. On electron microscope analysis, virus particles with 490 nm could be 4 visualized indicating infectin by a potexvirus. In order to identify the species of virus infecting these plants, specifics primers (Hyd_senso and Hyd_anti_senso) were design for Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), a potexvirus commonly found infecting hydrangea in Europe and United States. Total RNA was extracted following Bertheau et al., 1998 protocol’s and the primers were used in RT-PCR. Two fragments, one around 550bp and another one of 250 nucleotides were amplified and sequenced. An identity of nucleotide of 96% and 88%, respectively, was observed for HdRSV (number of access AJ 707100.1), indicating that both fragments amplified were from the virus. As the HdRSV is an exotic pest in Brazil, the occurrence was notified to the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) that gave us the permission for publication this data (process 21052.015361/2007-08). To evaluate the dissemination of this virus in the matrices of hydrangea used in the commercial production in Brazil, 17 samples of the region of Arujá – SP were analysed for the presence of the virus. Eight of them were infected by virus, and the RT-PCR fragment from the varieties Azul Rendado, Azul LZR, Renat Blue, Rosa Japonesa, Rosita and Vermelho Comum were sequenced for analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: A hortênsia é um arbusto semilenhoso muito apreciado como ornamental no Brasil. No Brasil podemos ressaltar a "Região das Hortênsias" no Sul do país, onde esta ornamental é utilizada em projetos de jardinagem em casas e rodovias. A cidade de Gramado têm a hortênsia como sua flor símbolo. No Estado de São Paulo, ela é comumente encontrada na Região de Campos do Jordão. Plantas de hortênsia apresentando anéis cloróticos e necróticos foram observadas por Yuki et al. (2005) em material proveniente de Arujá, estado de São Paulo. Transmissões por extrato vegetal permitiram a observação de lesões locais cloróticas em Chenopodium quinoa e Gomphrena globosa, indicando infecção causada por vírus. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação e caracterização da espécie viral presente nestas amostras. Inicialmente as amostras foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica, onde puderam ser observadas partículas alongadas filamentosas, medindo cerca de 490 nm, indicando a provável presença de um potexvirus. Oligonucleotídeos específicos Hyd_senso e Hyd_anti_senso foram desenhados para o Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), um potexvirus encontrado comumente em países Europeus e nos Estados Unidos. O RNA total foi extraído pelo método de Bertheau et al. (1998), para posterior análise por RT-PCR utilizando-se estes oligonucleotídeos. Dois fragmentos, um em torno de 550 e outro de 250 nucleotídeos foram amplificados e purificados para realização do sequenciamento genético. Uma identidade de nucleotídeos de 96% e 88% para o fragmento maior e menor respectivamente foi observada para HdRSV (número de acesso AJ 707100.1), indicando tratar-se desta espécie viral. O HdRSV até então era uma praga exótica no Brasil, de forma que foi realizada comunicação ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, que emitiu parecer... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The hydrangea is an ornamental plant very appreciated in Brazil. In South of Brazil, this plant is used in projects for gardening in houses and highways. Hydrangea is the symbol of Gramado's city. In State of São Paulo this ornamental plant is commonly found in Campos do Jordão. Hydrangea plants showing leaves with chlorotic and necrotic rings were observed by Yuki (2005) in material proceeding from Arujá, State of São Paulo. Chlorotic local lesions were observed on Chenopodium quinoa and Gomphrena globosa, after sap transmission, indicating infection caused by virus. On electron microscope analysis, virus particles with 490 nm could be 4 visualized indicating infectin by a potexvirus. In order to identify the species of virus infecting these plants, specifics primers (Hyd_senso and Hyd_anti_senso) were design for Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), a potexvirus commonly found infecting hydrangea in Europe and United States. Total RNA was extracted following Bertheau et al., 1998 protocol's and the primers were used in RT-PCR. Two fragments, one around 550bp and another one of 250 nucleotides were amplified and sequenced. An identity of nucleotide of 96% and 88%, respectively, was observed for HdRSV (number of access AJ 707100.1), indicating that both fragments amplified were from the virus. As the HdRSV is an exotic pest in Brazil, the occurrence was notified to the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) that gave us the permission for publication this data (process 21052.015361/2007-08). To evaluate the dissemination of this virus in the matrices of hydrangea used in the commercial production in Brazil, 17 samples of the region of Arujá - SP were analysed for the presence of the virus. Eight of them were infected by virus, and the RT-PCR fragment from the varieties Azul Rendado, Azul LZR, Renat Blue, Rosa Japonesa, Rosita and Vermelho Comum were sequenced for analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Renate Krause Sakate / Coorientador: Marcelo Agenor Pavan / Banca: Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende / Banca: Valdir Atsushi Yuki / Mestre

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