In this thesis, we present a tool that is an extension of the NAVIRE Framework and used in remote environment exploration and navigation. It is available for end users on everyday devices such as desktops and mobile devices. The tool offers the characteristic of being cross-platform and easy to use and manipulate. Cubic panoramas that are generated by the NAVIRE Framework are loaded in the tool and rendered in 3D space on the user’s device. The 3D panoramas are interactive by allowing the user to view the scene in all direction, move from one scene to another or through interaction with augmented objects. The tool is geared to be interactive in the most natural and intuitive fashion using the inputs available in the different devices of the end-user.

In this thesis, we present a tool that is an extension of the NAVIRE Framework and used in remote environment exploration and navigation. It is available for end users on everyday devices such as desktops and mobile devices. The tool offers the characteristic of being cross-platform and easy to use and manipulate. Cubic panoramas that are generated by the NAVIRE Framework are loaded in the tool and rendered in 3D space on the user’s device. The 3D panoramas are interactive by allowing the user to view the scene in all direction, move from one scene to another or through interaction with augmented objects. The tool is geared to be interactive in the most natural and intuitive fashion using the inputs available in the different devices of the end-user.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le développement des mécanismes sous-tendant l'exploration d'une scène visuelle. Les résultats montrent que les stratégies d'attention ambiante et focale émergent vers l'âge de 12 mois. La saillance détermine davantage les mouvements oculaires chez les enfants de moins de 6 ans que chez les plus âgés. En outre, les objets sémantiquement inconsistants avec le contexte visuel attirent similairement le regard des jeunes enfants et des adultes. Cependant, seuls les enfants sont plus rapidement attirés par les objets à saillance élevée que par ceux à saillance réduite. L'effet du niveau de vocabulaire sur l'analyse des scènes visuelles se trouve uniquement dans la condition objets consistants. Toutefois, la latence et la topographie des PEs sont modulées selon le niveau de vocabulaire. Nos résultats suggèrent que le contrôle des mouvements oculaires liés à l'analyse d'une scène visuelle se développe de la petite enfance jusqu'à l'enfance. Bien que les modes ambiant et focal soient présents durant la petite enfance, l'exploration d'une scène visuelle est surtout influencée par le mode focal. De plus, les jeunes enfants utilisent - semblablement aux adultes - le contexte visuel pour orienter leur attention visuelle. Aux stades précoces du développement, la saillance paraît un facteur déterminant pour l'allocation du regard. L'attention visuelle est également influencée par les compétences linguistiques des jeunes enfants. / This dissertation investigated developmental mechanism underlying scene exploration. The results showed that ambient and focal attention strategies emerge by 12 months of age. Saliency guided eye movements more in children younger than 6 years compared with older children. Additionally, objects that were semantically inconsistent with the scene context equally attracted the gaze in young children and adults. Children were, however, attracted faster to high salient than to low salient objects. High-producers looked longer to consistent objects than low-producers while both groups looked equally long to inconsistent objects. The N400 ERP component was more pronounced for inconsistent than for consistent scene-word pairs. Low-producers exhibited a later N400 effect over the right frontal recording sites while in high-producers the N400 effect was observed earlier over the left frontal sites. Our results suggest that eye movement control during scene viewing mature from infancy to childhood. Even though ambient and focal modes are present in early infancy, scene exploration is dominated by focal mode. Additionally, young children use scene context, similarly to adults, in guidance of their visual attention. However, during early stages of development saliency has a stronger effect on gaze allocation compared with adults. Visual attention was also influenced by linguistic skills in young children.