No description available.

Emissions of methane were measured by a static chamber technique at 9 sites on 5 wetlands in the Eastern Temperate Wetland Region, north of Montreal. Mean daily methane fluxes measured from May to October ranged from 0.18 to 1071 mg/m$ sp2$/d, and estimated annual flux ranged from 0.02 to 186 g/m$ sp2$/y. Laboratory incubations of peat samples showed potential anaerobic methane production rates which ranged from 0.00 to 9.12 $ mu$g/g/d, and potential aerobic consumption rates from 0.55 to 3.75 $ mu$g/g/d. Seasonal methane emission patterns are related to water table level and CH$ sb4$ production and consumption potentials in the peat profile. Episodic fluxes were found to be important at several sites, contributing a significant portion of the total emissions. / Analysis of spectral reflectance data from 20 sites on 2 subarctic fens was carried out to address the issue of scaling up CH$ sb4$ emissions using satellite imagery. Hummocks, lawns and pools were found to be spectrally distinct enough to be differentiated by band 5 of Landsat MSS and band 3 of Landsat TM sensors. The averaging of spectral information in mixed pixels proved unlikely to be able to distinguish between wet lawn and string and pool communities. Such weaknesses can be overcome with the use of higher resolution data.

The effects of lichen ground cover (predominantly Cladina stellaris) on the growth of Picea mariana at Schefferville, Quebec and Pinus sylvestris at Kevo, Finland, was investigated in situ. Effect on seedling establishment was inferred through examining status quo conditions. While contiguous mat cover precluded establishment, its margins provided ameliorated conditions suitable for establishment. Moss covered areas were the most preferred sites. At Schefferville, ten perturbations involving fertilization, lichen removal, polyethylene overlays, and aqueous lichen extract application were effected on sixteen experimental plots. Branch elongation, needle nitrogen and bole diameter were statistically analyzed as functions of various monitored edaphic conditions. Leader elongation and needle nitrogen was measured at Kevo. Lichen presence over the term of both studies showed net beneficial effect on the trees; lichen extracts had significant detrimental effects. Seed germination was suppressed by lichen presence but enhanced by lichen induced low soil pH when in contact with the soil.

Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Educational and Counselling Psychology. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/07/28). Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

L’exploitation minière entraine le retrait de la couche de sol vivant ainsi que l’élimination des propagules végétales et des symbiotes bénéfiques à la survie et à la croissance des plantes. Dans les écosystèmes nordiques comme la toundra subarctique, les activités minières génèrent une telle pression sur l’environnement qu’il est nécessaire de prendre des mesures pour promouvoir la restauration écologique des sites dégradés. Notre hypothèse de recherche est que l’utilisation de symbiotes racinaires peut améliorer l’établissement et la survie de communautés végétales sur des sites sévèrement perturbés. Des racines saines ont été collectées chez six espèces de plantes du site de la mine de fer de Schefferville dans le Nord-du-Québec. Les champignons associés à ces racines ont été isolés et identifiés à l’aide d’outils moléculaires en analysant les espaceurs internes transcrits (ITS) de l’ADN ribosomique. Au total, 376 champignons cultivables ont été isolés et associés à 106 unités taxonomiques opérationnelles (OTU). Ces communautés cultivables montrent des différences selon les types d’habitat et de plante-hôte. Neuf des champignons les plus fréquemment isolés ont été utilisés pour un test in vitro en milieu liquide (GYME) amendé avec du mort terrain, des stériles ou du fer pur. La mesure de la production d’ergostérol et de la sécrétion d’acides organiques ont permis de quantifier la croissance et la réaction des champignons aux amendements. Le champignon éricoïde Rhizoscyphus ericae a présenté la meilleure croissance en présence de résidus miniers. L’endophyte septé noir Phialocephala fortinii occupait le deuxième rang en ce qui a trait à la croissance, mais il a produit la plus grande quantité d’acide organique. Cadophora finlandica et Meliniomyces bicolor ont également montré une bonne tolérance aux amendements. En conclusion, les champignons cultivables ne répondent pas tous de la même manière aux stress abiotiques imposés. Nous avons sélectionné les champignons candidats qui conviendraient le mieux au cas particulier de la restauration du site minier de Schefferville. / Mining activities involve the removal of healthy living soil, plant propagule and symbionts, beneficial to plant is necessary to take steps to promote the ecological restoration of degraded sites. Our research hypothesis is that the use of root symbionts can enhance the establishment and survival of plant communities on on drastically disturbed sites. Healthy roots were collected from six plant species at the Schefferville iron mine site in northern Quebec. Fungi were isolated from root tips and pure isolates were identified based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) analysis. A total of 376 cultivable fungi were isolated and identified to 106 operational taxonomic units (OTU). These cultivable communities show differences according to the types of habitat and host plant. Nine of the most frequently isolated fungi were used for an invitro test in liquid-based media (GYME) amended with overburden, waste rock or pure iron. Ergosterol andorganic acids were quantified to monitor fungal growth and reaction to amendments. Ericoid fungusRhizoscyphus ericae exhibited the best growth in the presence of mine tailings. Dark septate endophytePhialocephala fortinii ranked second in terms of growth, but it produced the highest amount of organic acids.Cadophora finlandica and Meliniomyces bicolor also showed good tolerance to amendments. In conclusion,cultivable root associated fungi did not all respond in the same way to the imposed abiotic stress. We selected the candidate fungi that would best suit the particular case of the restoration of the Schefferville mining site.