Open access is being talked about, and implemented, around the globe, by everyone from the U.N. to individual authors, editors, and publishers, and collaborative groups. As of October 2004, requests for a government mandate for OA had gone forward not only in the U.S. and the U.K., but also Croatia. The Scielo (Scientific Electronic Online) collections of Latin America are very substantial, fully open access journal collections. In the developing world, OA is seen not only as the best means to access the research results of others, but as an opportunity to contribute their own scholarly research findings. Outside the U.S. and the U.K., profits from scientific publishing are not common, and subsidies are not unusual. The author predicts that the present slow but steady growth in institutional repositories will be replaced in the near future by dramatic growth.

This article discusses the benefits of Open Access to library literature. It cites examples of library associations practicing Open Access.

The "Open" in Open Education is not only about free and reusable course materials. It is also about open communication and collaboration among faculty, staff, students and administrators regarding course material selection and cost. In this presentation, we will present our experience with an OER program at a mid-sized regional university in the Southeast as a means to facilitate discussion and sharing ways we can open education for all. Over two years ago, East Tennessee State University’s Student Library Advisory Council decided that they wanted to use their student library fee to fund initiatives supporting Open Educational Resources. Since that time, a Digital Scholarship Librarian from Charles C. Sherrod Library and a Teaching and Learning Specialist from the Center for Teaching Excellence combined their expertise to launch and complete a two-year pilot program. Now, the question remains “how do we reimagine a two-year pilot program into an establish suite of services?” In this session, the presenters will briefly discuss their two-year pilot program, specifically hosting Open Education Network (previously Open Textbook Network) workshops and launching an OER Awards Program. Then, they will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the pilot program based on anecdotal observations and feedback from surveys conducted throughout the program. The program will be contextualized with a description of other campus and state discussions and initiatives. The presenters will show how important it is to seize opportunities to collaborate with student groups, departments, faculty, and administrators in order to sustain open initiatives on campus. This will lead to how they intend to expand and further evolve the program. The session will delve into questions that arise when starting or reimagining Open Education services: Should the focus be on open or affordable? Who "owns” Open Education on a campus? How do we effectively educate, communicate, and collaborate in regards to Open Education? Attendees will… - Learn about the strengths and weaknesses of a two-year Open Educational Resources pilot program. - Identify the groups on their campus to collaborate with in order to strengthen their Open Education initiatives. - Consider ways to evaluate and reimagine Open Education initiatives on their campus.

The study aims to see whether there are differences in the nature and patterns of computer usage for communicating research between disciplines in the social sciences in Brazil and, if so, whether they can be related to factors which can affect the process of communication. The theory embedded in the research model states that pressures that accompany the introduction of information technologies into a university environment are significant factors in the use of such technologies. These pressures produce differences in the communication process itself. Furthermore, there may also be a relationship between individual factors and the use of IT for communication. The research data were collected via a survey using two instruments. Firstly, mailed questionnaires were sent to 760 academic researchers in sociology and economics in Brazil, working in post-graduate programmes. A response rate of 64.1 percent was achieved. Secondly, 36 interviews were carried out with a sample of the most productive researchers in the two subjects studied. The interview sample included both respondents and non-respondents to the questionnaire. A small sample of 1I British academic researchers was included in the interview survey, in order to allow comparisons and see whether Brazilian academics lag behind IT front-runners. Data collected revealed that there is an impact of computer usage on the scholarly communication process, especially in terms of informal communication. Such an impact can be related to changes in the social interactions that underlie knowledge creation among researchers, and also relates to differences in patterns and processes of computer usage between the chosen disciplines. Formal communication has experienced a gradually growing impact by electronic media on the well-established print environment, with the likely co-existence of the two media for some time to come. The results obtained showed that Brazilian researchers do not lag behind the British ones. Not many differences, but most similarities were found between economists and sociologists in both Brazil and the UK.

This paper argues that the distinction between grey and non-grey (or white) literature will become less relevant over time, as online discovery options proliferate. In the meantime, the political success of the open access publishing movement has valuable lessons for proponents of increasing access to grey literature.

In an attempt to identify motivating factors involved in decisions to publish in Open Access (OA) journals, individual interviews with biomedical faculty members at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a major research university, were conducted. The interviews focused on faculty identified as early adopters of OA/free full-text publishing. Searches conducted in PubMed and PubMed Central identified faculty from UNC-Chapel Hill who have published works in OA/free full-text journals. The searches targeted authors with multiple OA citations during a specified 18 month period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the most prolific OA authors. Individual interviews attempted to determine whether the authors were aware they published in OA journals, why they chose to publish in OA journals, what factors influenced their publishing decisions, and their general attitude towards OA publishing models. Interview questions were based on a review of the literature and consultation with a scholarly communication working group. The interview results were analyzed to see whether these faculty members made conscious efforts to publish in OA/free full-text journals, and if so why.

Breakout session from the Living the Future 8 Conference, April 23-24, 2012, University of Arizona Libraries, Tucson, AZ.

This report is a later version of the JCDL 2006 poster / This report summarizes the results of an ACRL Samuel Lazerow Fellowship funded research project to investigate the extent to which publishers and vendors are making use of technological protection measures ("TPM" also known as DRM) to control access to and use of licensed full-text scholarly materials or data sets. The study also began to explore the impact of access and use restrictions on learning, scholarship and library management.

This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Dillon, A., Richardson, J. and McKnight, C. (1989) The human factors of journal usage and the design of electronic text. Interacting with Computers, 1(2), 183- 189. Abstract: The present paper reports on a study of journal usage amongst human factors researchers. The aim of the study was to shed light on how journals are used with a view to making recommendations about the development of a full-text, searchable database that would support such usage. The results indicate that levels of usage vary over time, the range of journals covered is small and readers overlook a large proportion of the contents of articles. Furthermore, three reading strategies are observed which indicate that the presentation of journal articles is not ideally suited to their uses. The implications of these findings for developing suitable computer-based applications are discussed.

This is a revised version of David Goodman, "Open Access: What Comes Next." Learned Publishing 18(1):13-23 (2005) The present revision adjusts the figures, their corresponding legends, and discussion to match the Note added in proof in the published article. The published article itself has the Note added in proof only, since it was not practical to adjust the figures. The changes here are sufficiently great that the author considers this version independent, and has consequently given it an altered title. / This is a revised version of David Goodman, "Open Access: What Comes Next." Learned Publishing 18(1):13-23 (2005) The present revision adjusts the figures, their corresponding legends, and discussion to match the Note added in proof in the published article. The published article itself has the Note added in proof only, since it was not practical to adjust the figures. The changes here are sufficiently great that the author considers this version independent, and has consequently given it an altered title. This article examines the effects that present decisions about Open Access (OA) will have over the next ten years. It will be shown that the consequences are affected both by deliberate choices of policy by librarians and publishers, as well as by the adoption of various alternatives by scientific authors. The eventual result could be excellent, or quite otherwise.