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Orientador: Sandra Regina Teodoro Gatti / Banca: Sandra Regina Teodoro Gatti / Banca: Roberto Nardi / Banca: Júlio Cesar Castilho Razera / Resumo: A aproximação de aspectos de História e a Filosofia da Ciência (HFC) ao ensino vêm sendo discutida como uma abordagem importante para a alfabetização científica, com potencial para proporcionar uma visão mais fundamentada sobre a Natureza da Ciência (NdC), desconstruindo a compreensão de um somatório de verdades absolutas, descobertas por grandes gênios isolados e livres de quaisquer influências. Dessa forma, tais reflexões poderiam possibilitar a humanização da Ciência, o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, além de melhorar a compreensão dos conteúdos e a formação do professor. Isto nos remete aos cursos de Licenciatura e às possibilidades formativas que estes vêm proporcionando em relação a esta temática. Assim, esta pesquisa buscou compreender qual o perfil formativo dos quatro cursos de Licenciatura em Química de uma universidade pública do Estado de São Paulo, no que tange a articulação da HFC com ensino. Partimos da análise dos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos (PPCs) e dos planos de ensino das disciplinas específicas sobre HFC. Buscamos ainda investigar os docentes que ministram tal disciplina, a fim de entender como sua formação poderia influenciar em sua prática. Para tanto, realizamos primeiramente uma busca nos currículos Lattes, e posteriormente, uma entrevista semiestruturada, com o intuito de aprofundar as informações e entender como conduzem e organizam a disciplina. Utilizamos como metodologia de análise a Análise de Conteúdo (AC). Com base nas análises reali... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The oncoming of aspects of History and the Philosophy of Science (HPS) to teaching has been discussed as an important approach to scientific literacy, with potential to develop a more substantiated view on the Nature of Science (NoS) by deconstructing its comprehension as a sum of absolute truths, discovered by great isolated geniuses and free from all influences. In this way, such reflections could enable a humanization of science, a development of critical thinking, and an improvement in the understanding of contents and in the teacher formation. This brings us to the teacher education programs courses and the formation possibilities that these have been providing in relation to this theme. Therefore, this research sought to understand the formative profile of four teacher education programs courses in Chemistry of a public university in the State of São Paulo, regarding the articulation of HPS with teaching. We start from the analysis of the Courses' Pedagogical Projects (PPCs) and the teaching plans of the specific HPS disciplines. We also seek to investigate the professors who teach this subject in order to understand how their formation could influence their practice. Thereunto, we first realized a search in the Lattes curriculum, and then a semi-structured interview with them, in order to deepen the information and understand how they conducts and organizes the discipline. We used the Content Analysis (AC) as the methodology approach. Based on these performed analyzes,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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This thesis calls into question a currently orthodox view of Ludwig Wittgenstein's post-Tractarian philosophy. This view is that the social and political implications of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations are conservative and relativist. That is, Wittgenstein's concepts such as 'forms of life', 'language-games' and 'rule-following' defend and promote: a rule-determined and context-determined rationality; or an incomparable community-determined human understanding; or a neutralist, nonrevisionary, private or uncritical social and political philosophy. / In order to challenge and correct this conventional understanding the thesis sets up as 'objects of comparison' a variety of very different examples of the use of Wittgenstein in social and political philosophy. These uses are neither relativist nor conservative and they situate understanding and critical reflection in the practices of comparison and dialogue. The examples of this 'comparative-dialogical' Wittgensteinian approach are found in the works of three contemporary philosophers: Thomas L. Kuhn, Quentin Skinner and Charles Taylor. / This study employs the technique of a survey rather than undertaking a uniquely textual analysis because it is less convincing to suggest that Wittgenstein's concepts might be used in these unfamiliar ways than to show that they have been put to these unfamiliar uses. Therefore I turn not to a Wittgensteinian ideal but to examples of the 'comparative-dialogical' uses of Wittgenstein. In so doing I am following Wittgenstein's insight in section 208 of the Philosophical Investigations: "I shall teach him to use the words by means of examples and by practice. And when I do this, I do not communicate less to him than I know myself." Thus it will be in a survey of various uses and applications of Wittgenstein's concepts and techniques that I will show that I and others understand them.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the importance that deception has had on the efficient functioning of societies and the development of individuals. I attempt to do so by adopting an historical perspective, analysing the development of the notion of lawful deception during the Middle Ages and, mainly, the Early Modern Age through theological and political discourses. The scope of my investigation is pan-European. I examine sources from the major Western territories, but I pay special attention to those produced in the Spanish-Habsburg Empire, which was a major political and cultural entity during this period. My claim is that between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, the West witnessed the formation of what I call an "Ethics of Deception:" a trend of thought that, without challenging the Augustinian prohibition of lying, recognised deception as intrinsic to nature and mankind, thereby justifying its use from moral and political perspectives. I explain how this intellectual process was conducted, fostered by new social realities, and helped by the flourishing of casuistry, tacitism and neostoicism. Furthermore, I argue that the acceptance of deception contributed to the creation of a new view of the world, language and human interaction. A view that is in the very basis of some of the most characteristic features of Baroque art and that opened the door to some of the most transcendental cultural changes of the period, such as the creation of politics governed by reason rather than faith, the secularisation of social behaviour, and the emergence of the notions of individualism, privacy and freedom of thought. For these reasons, I claim that deception played an important role in the shaping of Modernity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fariasjunior_jp_dr_fran.pdf: 1545468 bytes, checksum: e44c351d749902fc2b79e19f75334afc (MD5) / Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) / A investigação se propõe analisar as obras De Regno (Ao imperador, sobre a realeza) e De Providentia (Aos egípcios, sobre a providência), ambas de autoria do filósofo norte-africano Sinésio de Cirene, supostamente escritas no momento em que participa da embaixada em Constantinopla, entre 397 e 400 d.C., a serviço de sua cidade nativa, Cirene, na província da Líbia Superior/ Cirenaica, norte da África. No centro de nossa investigação, encontram-se as estratégias discursivas e os topoi retóricos empregados por Sinésio para a construção de um ethos político favorável não só à construção de uma imagem de si que se ajusta ao papel do filósofo na política imperial, mas também à representatividade política de famílias abastadas na administração imperial, haja vista seu envolvimento e o de sua família nos quadros político-administrativos do Império Romano. A proposição de uma análise retórica pelo viés da construção do ethos político pode nos oferecer informações sobre as estratégias empreendidas por aristocratas da África romana tardia para se firmar no cenário político romano / The research aims to analyze the works De Regno (To the emperor, on the royalty) and De Providentia (To the Egyptians, on Providence), both written by the North African philosopher Synesius of Cyrene, who wrote them supposedly during his participation in the embassy in Constantinople between 397 and 400 AD serving his native city, Cyrene, in the province of Lybia Superior/Cyrenaica, North Africa. In the center of our research are the discursive strategies and rhetorical topoi used by Synesius to the construction of a political ethos in favor not only of the building of an image of himself that fits the role of the philosopher in imperial policy, but also of the political representation of wealthy families in the imperial administration, considering his involvement and his family’s involvement in political and administrative cadres of the Roman Empire. The proposition of a rhetorical analysis by the bias of the construction of political ethos can offer information on the strategies undertaken by aristocrats of the late Roman Africa who sought to establish themselves in the Roman political scene

Orientador: Pedro Geraldo Tosi / Coorientador: Elaine Cristine Sartorelli / Banca: Therese Fuhrer / Banca: Breno Battistin Sebastiani / Banca: Pablo Shwartz Frydman / Banca: Elizabete Sanches Rocha / Resumo: A investigação se propõe analisar as obras De Regno (Ao imperador, sobre a realeza) e De Providentia (Aos egípcios, sobre a providência), ambas de autoria do filósofo norte-africano Sinésio de Cirene, supostamente escritas no momento em que participa da embaixada em Constantinopla, entre 397 e 400 d.C., a serviço de sua cidade nativa, Cirene, na província da Líbia Superior/ Cirenaica, norte da África. No centro de nossa investigação, encontram-se as estratégias discursivas e os topoi retóricos empregados por Sinésio para a construção de um ethos político favorável não só à construção de uma imagem de si que se ajusta ao papel do filósofo na política imperial, mas também à representatividade política de famílias abastadas na administração imperial, haja vista seu envolvimento e o de sua família nos quadros político-administrativos do Império Romano. A proposição de uma análise retórica pelo viés da construção do ethos político pode nos oferecer informações sobre as estratégias empreendidas por aristocratas da África romana tardia para se firmar no cenário político romano / Abstract: The research aims to analyze the works De Regno (To the emperor, on the royalty) and De Providentia (To the Egyptians, on Providence), both written by the North African philosopher Synesius of Cyrene, who wrote them supposedly during his participation in the embassy in Constantinople between 397 and 400 AD serving his native city, Cyrene, in the province of Lybia Superior/Cyrenaica, North Africa. In the center of our research are the discursive strategies and rhetorical topoi used by Synesius to the construction of a political ethos in favor not only of the building of an image of himself that fits the role of the philosopher in imperial policy, but also of the political representation of wealthy families in the imperial administration, considering his involvement and his family's involvement in political and administrative cadres of the Roman Empire. The proposition of a rhetorical analysis by the bias of the construction of political ethos can offer information on the strategies undertaken by aristocrats of the late Roman Africa who sought to establish themselves in the Roman political scene / Doutor