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The topic (theme) of this dissertation is a misconception indication of of pupils 2, 3rd years of four-year grammar schools, respectively. sexes and septimates of eight-year grammar schools concerning knowledge of human biology (functioning of blood circulation, first aid, ontogenetic development etc.). The aim is to verify the presence of each of these types of misconception and their incidence among students at four grammar schools in the Czech Republic (Prague, Tabor, Sokolov). A tool for obtaining data will be a didactic test with closed and open questions. Individual questions are grouped by topic to which they relate, so that the problem areas of the curriculum in human biology can be predicted. The didactic test will be a model for verifying pupils' misconception across the board. Data obtained from this model will probe for correct or incorrect perceptions of students about the functioning of the human body. This probe can be developed to more global research on the topic. From my perspective, however, the probe has to be especially incentive for teachers of biology, who may use it during lessons to correct the misconceptions of students. Then, the test can serve them as an evaluation tool-verify that their interpretation helped to suppress, resp. eliminate, the students' misconception....

Orientadora: Maria Cláudia Cabrini Grácio / Banca: Ely Francina Tannuri de Oliveira / Banca: Leandro Innocentini Lopes de Faria / Banca: Rogério Mugnaini / Banca: Daniel Martinez Ávila / Resumo: Conhecer o desempenho científico de um investigador, temática, disciplina, área do conhecimento ou país é uma atividade essencial para subsidiar e orientar políticas científicas institucionais ou governamentais. Para tanto, se faz necessário ter critérios de avaliação consistentes e fidedignos ao desempenho do avaliado e considerar na análise aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos. Entre os indicadores de impacto presentes na literatura científica, destaca-se o índice h, proposto por Jorge Hisch em 2005, considerado um parâmetro avaliativo robusto por avaliar de forma simultânea os aspectos relativos à produtividade e ao impacto científico do avaliado. Apesar de ser uma medida simples de ser obtida e de seu desempenho ter se mostrado o mais significativo na representação do desempenho científico de um pesquisador, diversos trabalhos subsequentes apontam suas deficiências e limitações e propõem variações no intuito de minimizar ou dirimir os problemas e apontados. Neste contexto, esta Tese teve por objetivo analisar o índice h, suas propriedades, variações e ponderações e propor dois novos indicadores complementares ao índice h, denominados índices dci e dco, dedicados a medir a dispersão do índice h. Tem-se por hipótese que esses novos índices podem contribuir para avaliar a representatividade do índice h como indicador do impacto científico acumulado de um pesquisador e distinguir, de forma mais precisa, pesquisadores seletivos e produtivos. Além disso, contribui para estimar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Knowing the scientific performance of a researcher, thematic, discipline, area of knowledge or country is an essential activity to subsidize and guide institutional or governmental scientific policies. Therefore, it is necessary to have consistent and reliable evaluation criteria for the performance of the evaluated and to consider qualitative and quantitative aspects in the analysis. Among the impact indicators present in the scientific literature, the h-index, proposed by Jorge Hisch in 2005, stands out as a robust evaluation parameter for simultaneously evaluating aspects related to productivity and to scientific impact of the evaluated researcher. Although h-index is a simple measure to obtain and its performance has been the most significant in the representation of the scientific performance of a researcher, several subsequent works pointed out their deficiencies and limitations and proposed variations in order to minimize or solve the problems. In this context, this Thesis aimed to analyze the h-index, its properties, variations and weights and propose two new complementary indicators to the h-index, called indexes dci and dco, dedicated to measure the dispersion of the h-index. It is hypothesized that these new indexes can contribute to evaluate the representativeness of the h-index as an indicator of the cumulative scientific impact of a researcher and to distinguish, more accurately, selective and productive researchers. In addition, it contributes to estimate the p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor