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An Investigation into Teacher Support of Science Explanation in High School Science Inquiry UnitsHoffenberg, Rebecca Sue 18 July 2013 (has links)
The Framework for K-12 Science Education, the foundation for the Next Generation Science Standards, identifies scientific explanation as one of the eight practices "essential for learning science." In order to design professional development to help teachers implement these new standards, we need to assess students' current skill level in explanation construction, characterize current teacher practice surrounding it, and identify best practices for supporting students in explanation construction. This multiple-case study investigated teacher practice in eight high school science inquiry units in the Portland metro area and the scientific explanations the students produced in their work samples.
Teacher Instructional Portfolios (TIPs) were analyzed with a TIP rubric based on best practices in teaching science inquiry and a qualitative coding scheme. Written scientific explanations were analyzed with an explanation rubric and qualitative codes. Relationships between instructional practices and explanation quality were examined.
The study found that students struggle to produce high quality explanations. They have the most difficulty including adequate reasoning with science content. Also, teachers need to be familiar with the components of explanation and use a variety of pedagogical techniques to support students' explanation construction. Finally, the topic of the science inquiry activity should be strongly connected to the content in the unit, and students need a firm grasp of the scientific theory or model on which their research questions are based to adequately explain their inquiry results.
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A study on the predictive power of HKCE examination results regarding the performance in HKAL examination for science studentsFu, Tak-wah., 傅德華. January 1989 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Statistics / Master / Master of Social Sciences
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The effect of some common teaching strategies used in issues educationon secondary school students' attitudes towards nuclear powerLam, Cho-lung., 林楚龍. January 1994 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education
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The implementation and evaluation of a constructivist intervention in secondary school Science teaching in SeychellesAnyanwu, Raymond Ndubisi 31 August 2008 (has links)
Recent studies on human cognition have presented credible
evidence that learners are not tabula rasa as previously
conceived by traditional theorists, rather they enter new
lessons with some preconceptions, most of which are resistant
to change in spite of teachers' efforts to assuage them. As
such the challenges confronting science educators and
educational psychologists are to understand the nature of
learners' preconceptions, designing and implement appropriate
instructional interventions that would enable the learners
become aware of and reconcile their conceptions that are
inconsistent with accepted views of science.
Several perspectives have been advocated on how learners'
preconceptions can be modified through instructions. While
traditional theorists subscribe to substitution of inaccurate
conceptions with accurate ones, the constructivists identify
with giving the learners autonomy to inquire and re-evaluate
their own ideas. The former has been confronted with
widespread criticism and is becoming less and less tenable.
This research identifies with the latter.
Conceptual change entails restructuring of ideas. It is a
cognitive process that involves change in attitude toward
learning. Based on the theoretical assumption that learning is
facilitated through teaching that give the learners autonomy
search to new ideas, verify them, and restructure existing
ideas, I developed a model of conceptual change from where I deduced the four sub variables of the conceptual change that
this study explored. The sub variables include formulation of
ideas, search for new ideas, review of meaning, and transfer
of knowledge. My assumption was that conceptual change can be
facilitated through instructions that engage learners in
experiences relevant to the four sub variables that I have
mentioned. This conceptual framework served as my reference
point for the designing of the Constructivist Teaching Model
that consists of four instructional phases.
Judging that I was resident and working in Seychelles as a
teacher trainer at a time I developed the Constructivist
Teaching Model, I chose to implement and evaluate it first in
Seychelles. Hence this study is titled `The implementation and
evaluation of a constructivist intervention in secondary
school science teaching in Seychelles'.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the
constructivist teaching model as an intervention to facilitate
conceptual change. Basically, there are two main aims of this
study. First, to investigate to what extent the constructivist
teaching model facilitates conceptual change. Secondly, to
investigate if the paradigms shift from the traditional method
to the constructivist method of science teaching is welcomed
in Seychelles.
This study was carried out in two phases Pretest and
Evaluation. Pretest was aimed at identifying the weaknesses of
the initial version of my model of constructivist teaching with a view to eliminate those weaknesses to further
strengthen the model. In a nutshell pretest was a step taken
to enhance the validity of the model. Evaluation on the other
hand was aimed at making a judgment whether a difference
actually exists between the learners that received
constructivist instruction and those that received traditional
lecture instruction in terms of the four sub variables of
conceptual change. To enable for this judgment necessitated an
experiment.
The experiment was conducted with a total of six secondary
schools selected from the ten secondary schools on the island.
The participants included 178 learners, 6 science teachers and
8 independent persons. The learners were constituted into
three Bands; 1, 2 and 3. Each Band consisted of a Control
group and an Experimental group. Altogether six groups were
formed, with 3 Control groups and 3 Experimental groups. There
were 59 learners in Band 1, comprising of 29 learners in the
Control group and 30 learners in the Experimental group; Band
2 comprised a Control group of 25 learners and an Experimental
group of 28 learners; and Band 3 consisted of 33 learners in
each group. The learners in Band 1 were used for pretest that
lasted for five week. The learners in Bands 2 and 3 were used
in the evaluation that lasted for thirteen weeks.
The groups were non-equivalent, suggesting that randomisation
was not possible as the learners were in intact classes.
Learners in the experimental groups received constructivist
instruction while their counterparts in the control groups received traditional lecture instruction. Both groups were
exposed to the same experimental conditions except in the
methods of teaching. Data was collected through teacher
interviews, independent observation, measurement of learners'
achievement, and analysis of documents. Quantitative data was
analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Qualitative data was analysed on the basis of content or
meaning of the information given by the respondents. Following
the design of this study the performance and achievements of
learners that received constructivist instruction were
compared with their counterparts who received traditional
instruction.
Guiding this study are two main assumptions. The first is the
assumption of equality of the variance, and the second is the
assumption of normality of the distribution. The results of
Levene's test of equality of variances indicated a violation
of the assumption of homogeneity of the variances of TI and CI
groups while the results of test of skewness and kurtosis give
the indication of normality of distribution of scores in both
groups.
The results of descriptive statistics analysis showed that the
learners who received constructivist instruction performed
better than the learners that received traditional instruction
in terms of formulation of ideas, search for new ideas, review
of meaning, and transfer of knowledge. The results of
inferential statistics showed that the difference in the means
of the two groups on each of the sub variables of conceptual change is significant. This evidence indicates that my model
of constructivist teaching produced an effect measuring 0.86
and a power of 0.85 based on Cohen's Blueprint, and a
reliability of 0.72 based on Cronbach's test of internal
consistency. Besides statistical evidence, analysis of the
opinions of science teachers who implemented the
Constructivist Teaching Model in their respective classes and
the independent persons who observed teaching and learning in
both the experimental and control groups showed a preference
for the constructivist approach over the traditional approach.
On the grounds of the evidence gathered through observation
and measurement this study concludes that the constructivist
approach to science teaching is more effective than
traditional lecture approach in facilitating the ability of
secondary school learners in Seychelles to reconstruct ideas.
This study also found that science educationists in Seychelles
welcome the paradigm shift from the traditional approach to
the constructivist approach. / Educational Studies / D. Educ. (Psychology of Education)
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An investigation on how grade 8 learners make sens of static electricity through exploring their cultural beliefs and experiences about lightning: a case studyNanghonga, Ottilie Mwanyenenange January 2013 (has links)
Lightning as a natural phenomenon is shallowly presented in the Namibian curriculum documents such as the syllabus and textbooks. This gap in curriculum triggered my interest to investigate whether learners’ meaning-making in static electricity was enabled or constrained by elicitation and integration of their cultural beliefs and experiences about lightning and by their practical activities. This study was conducted with my grade 8 learners at the school where I am currently teaching. The school is located in a rural area in Ohangwena region in Northern Namibia. The study is situated within an interpretive paradigm. Within the interpretive paradigm, a qualitative case study approach was adopted. I considered this methodological orientation appropriate in this study as it allowed me to use the following data gathering methods: document analysis, brainstorming, discussions and presentations, semi-structured interview, focus group interview, observation and an assessment test. Multiple methods to gather data were used for triangulation and validation purposes. For data analysis purposes, the data sets were colour-coded to derive themes and analytical statements. Ethical considerations were also taken seriously in this study and all participants gave consent. An analysis of data revealed that there is no learning objective or basic competence in the Namibian Physical Science syllabus for grade 8-10 that requires learners to bring in their cultural beliefs and experiences, in particular, about lightning. Yet the study revealed that learners possess a lot of prior everyday scientific and non-scientific knowledge and experiences about lightning that they had acquired from their communities. Also, mobilization of learners' everyday knowledge and experiences about lightning enabled learner engagement during the science lessons. Likewise, engaging learners in practical activities in static electricity helped them to make meaning of scientific concepts. Based on my research findings, I therefore, recommend that learners' prior everyday knowledge and experiences about lightning should be incorporated during teaching and learning of the topic on static electricity.
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Effective teaching of science through English in Hong Kong secondary schoolsHoare, Philip. January 2003 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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The place of technical studies in the ordinary secondary school with special reference to the science curriculumSun, Kai-wing., 辛啓榮. January 1981 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education
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Language and school children's misconceptions in energy and forceYeung, Kim-wai, Thomas., 楊劍威. January 1988 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education
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Cognitive Level Demands of Test Items in State-Adopted Computer Science TextbooksAman, James R. 08 1900 (has links)
Test items supplied with seven textbooks approved for use in Computer Science I and II curricula in Texas public schools were categorized by Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Eating was done by a panel of ten judges selected from a group of participants at a taxonomy workshop. The selection criterion was demonstration of at least 80 percent competency in item classification. Judges received a small stipend for completing the rating task.
Of 2020 possible items, 998 were randomly selected for analysis. Equal percentages of items from each text were then randomly assigned to each rater. All statistical analyses were computed using SPSS/PC+ (version 2.1).
In both courses, CLD frequencies decreased through the three lower levels. The percentage of questions falling in these levels was approximately 83 percent for both courses. However, the higher-level course contained almost 10 percent more Knowledge level questions than did the lower course. At the higher taxonomic levels, the decline was roughly five percent per level in CS I but erratic in CS II. Analysis by book also revealed wide differences within each course.
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Kreatiwiteitsbevordering in rekenaarstudie02 March 2015 (has links)
M.Ed. / Computer Studies as a school subject consists of a theory and a practical component. The practical component refers to programming. In programming the student has to design a algorithm. Problems can be solved with step by step approaches which lead to the final instruction that will solve the problem. This sequence of instructions that lead to problem solving is called an algorithm. There is more than one algorithm that will solve the same problem. There is no fixed recipe but only guidelines that assist the student to design an algorithm. During the designing of an algorithm the student gets the opportunity to be creative. The practical component of computer studies provides the ideal situation in which the student can solve a problem in his own way. Because of the nature of computer studies which is problem solving the opportunity arises where one can expose his creative talent. The situation unfortunately today exists where some teachers lack experience and training. To determine whether a specific algorithm solves a problem the inexperienced teacher should use a computer. Teachers that prefer to mark algorithms with a memorandum hamper the creativity of students. Although most teachers do have the necessary academic background they were not properly trained in the subject didactics of computer studies.
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