Dans un contexte où la recherche de l’excellence universitaire est au coeur des préoccupations des institutions académiques et des pouvoirs publics, cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à l’étude des déterminants de la production scientifique des enseignants-chercheurs français en économie. En mobilisant les données originales issues des candidatures des enseignants-chercheurs à la ‘’Prime d’Excellence Scientifique’’, les quatre contributions proposées s’attachent à articuler deux importantes dimensions, jusqu’ici rarement traitées conjointement par la littérature : les effets d’externalités collectives dans la production scientifique, et le caractère multitâche de l’activité des enseignants-chercheurs. Le premier chapitre de la thèse analyse les déterminants de l’obtention de la Prime d’Excellence Scientifique des enseignants-chercheurs français en économie. Nous nous intéressons au caractère multitâche de la production individuelle et à la dimension dynamique de cette forme particulière de compétition académique mise en place depuis 2009. Les résultats économétriques obtenus à partir d’un modèle séquentiel montrent que les publications scientifiques constituent le facteur le plus déterminant dans les chances de succès à la PES. Nous identifions les facteurs de découragement au cours de ce tournoi dynamique. Les résultats montrent également que la promotion passée au titre du précédent dispositif PEDR augmente les chances de promotion des enseignants-chercheurs. Le second chapitre se penche sur le facteur déterminant de l’attribution de la PES et de la promotion des enseignants-chercheurs : la production scientifique. Ce chapitre met en évidence que les effets d’externalités associés à l’environnement de recherche des enseignants-chercheurs sont susceptibles d’expliquer à la fois la dynamique individuelle de la production scientifique et la concentration de celle-ci entre un petit nombre d’enseignants-chercheurs. Nos résultats économétriques par quantiles concluent à l’existence de deux régimes de production scientifiques extrêmes : les polyvalents et les spécialistes. Toutefois, nos résultats ne réfutent pas l’existence d’un cycle de production scientifique qui serait sensible au stock de compétences accumulées dans l’environnement de travail des enseignants-chercheurs. Tenant compte des interactions potentielles entre les tâches d’enseignement et de recherche mises en évidence dans le second chapitre, le troisième chapitre propose d’analyser à partir d’un modèle théorique et économétrique, les effets de l’environnement de recherche sur le choix d’activités des enseignants-chercheurs. En contrôlant la simultanéité et l’endogénéité du choix des tâches de l’enseignement et de la recherche, les résultats économétriques sur nos données confortent largement les prédictions théoriques : les effets d’externalités issus de la concentration spatiale des compétences en recherche et/ou en formation à un moment donné, conduit à des profils « typés » de spécialistes (en recherche ou en formation) ou à l’opposé de « généralistes » associant production scientifique, implications pédagogiques et responsabilités collectives. Prenant en compte l’hétérogénéité des publications scientifiques en économie, le quatrième chapitre analyse des déterminants de l’arbitrage « quantité-qualité » dans la production scientifique. Nous étudions en particulier les déterminants du choix de deux types publications définies dans le classement CNRS des revues d’économie: les publications de premier rang et les publications de second rang. Les résultats économétriques de l’estimation jointe de ces deux types de publications concluent à un arbitrage entre les publications de bonne qualité et les publications dans les revues moins bien classées, arbitrage sensible aux effets d’externalité de l’environnement de recherche des enseignants-chercheurs. / In a context where both academic institutions and government consider academic excellence as crucial, this thesis aims at contributing to the study of the determinants of scientific productivity of professors. Using an original database of French academic economists involved in the “Prime d’Excellence Scientifique” tournament, the four proposed contributions show the importance of considering two dimensions often ignored so far: first, collective externalities, and the multidimensional nature of professors’ activities.The first chapter investigates the determinants of success in a large competition among French academic economists, the “Prime d’Excellence Scientifique (PES)”. We are particularly interested in the dynamic aspects of this repeated tournament initiated by the French academic system in 2009 to select the best productive researchers for promotion. The econometric estimation of the transition probabilities using sequential-response models allows for identification of changes in weightings assigned to each criterion. Our results confirm the importance of peer-reviewed publications and identify discouraging factors in this dynamic tournament. We also find that past success influences the promotion of professors.The second chapter focuses on the most decisive factor in the award of the “Prime d’Excellence Scientifique”: the scientific production. It shows that the scientific environment can explain both the path dependency in individual scientific productivity and the high inequality and skewness of individual productivity distributions. The results of quantile regressions show the existence of two separated regimes of scientific production, namely the regime of specialists and the regime of generalists. Our results also show that life-cycle effects are not only significant for the evaluation of individual productivity scores but also for the stock of knowledge accumulated in economics departments.Taking into account the potential interactions between teaching and research activities highlighted in the second chapter, the third chapter investigates the determinants of scientific production, including collective determinants related to the research environment, in the context of multitasking teachers. The chapter develops a principal-agent model to understand how university professors allocate their time between two substitutable tasks: publishing and teaching. The theoretical model predicts that professors devote more time to the tasks for which they have a marginal advantage. Controling for endogeneity activity choices, the econometric analysis confirm the key predictions ofthe model: these tasks are conflicting and the institutional context affects the activity choices of professors.Based on the heterogeneity of publication outlets, the fourth chapter analyzes the determinants of the quantity-quality tradeoff in scientific production. The focus is on the determinants of two types of publications identified by the journals ranking in Economics of the French National Committee for Scientific Research (CNRS): publications in high-quality journals and publications in low quality journals. The joint estimates of these two types of publications indicate that there is a tradeoff between the high quality publications and low quality publications, and this tradeoff is imputable to the scientific environment of professors. Our results confirm a negative impact of teaching and administrative duties on the publications in high quality journals.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-27T15:50:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Lucas Maia dos Santos - 2014.pdf: 3292789 bytes, checksum: 070dc080cda9fe775314ef19eefb9369 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-01-28T11:40:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Lucas Maia dos Santos - 2014.pdf: 3292789 bytes, checksum: 070dc080cda9fe775314ef19eefb9369 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T11:40:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Lucas Maia dos Santos - 2014.pdf: 3292789 bytes, checksum: 070dc080cda9fe775314ef19eefb9369 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / This thesis aims at analyzing the process of constitution of the technical and scientific environment in Goiás. At first, it is important to emphasize the way in which the term is employed. Although there are similarities with what Milton Santos has elaborated, this study also presents itself distant from such elaboration. Through this research, one can state that the technical and scientific environment is actually the instauration of a geographical environment (technical) which is adequate to capitalist productions. In order to demonstrate so, it was necessary to bring about other concepts, such as capital accumulation, which allows us to fully understand, within the history of Capitalism, the different phases of the institution of the technical and scientific environment. In this process of periodization to outline the capitalist society, as a whole, and its process of territorialization in Goiás, it was necessary to show the agrobusiness concept, owing to the fact that this was one of the segments through which a scientific and technical environment was set in Goiás. After demonstrating how such geographical environment has been consolidated in Goiás, a debate took place in order to show how it brings certain class conflicts about. To understand such class conflicts, which define the technical and scientific environment, the research focuses on the city of Quirinópolis, in a moment when one could analyze how Quirinópolis’s workers deal with their own work relations, based on the sucrenergetic sector. In order to conclude the thesis, one states that the historic tendency of capital accumulation, as it was elaborated by Karl Marx, is also confirmed in the analyses of the technical and scientific environment, that is, in the territory of the capital. / Este trabalho analisa o processo de constituição do meio técnico-científico em Goiás. Em primeiro lugar, há que ressaltar a maneira como o termo é empregado. Embora tenha similaridades com a elaboração de Milton Santos, guarda também algumas diferenças. Esta pesquisa constata que o meio técnico-científico é a instauração de um meio geográfico (técnico) adequado às relações de produção capitalistas. Para que fosse realizada tal demonstração, foi necessário trazer para a cena outros conceitos, tal como o de regime de acumulação de capital, que permite entender, dentro da historicidade do capitalismo, as diferentes fases de instituição do meio técnico-científico. Neste processo de periodização, tanto da sociedade capitalista como um todo, quanto de seu processo de territorialização em Goiás, foi necessário colocar em tela o conceito de complexo agroindustrial, pois este é um dos principais vetores através do qual se estendeu por Goiás um meio técnico-científico. Após demonstrado como tal meio geográfico se consolidou no Estado de Goiás, é realizado o debate de como ele implanta no território determinados conflitos de classe. Para compreender os conflitos de classe característicos do meio técnico-científico, a pesquisa enfoca o município de Quirinópolis, momento no qual são analisadas as representações que os trabalhadores do município, ligados ao setor sucroenergético, tem de suas relações de trabalho. Por fim, conclui com as considerações finais, na qual apresenta a tese de que a tendência histórica da acumulação capitalista, tal como elaborada por Karl Marx, se confirma também na análise do meio técnico-científico, ou seja, no território do capital.