The everyday life of the Royal Society in the second half of the nineteenth century is a largely unworked field within the history of Victorian science. As the principal forum for English science, the Royal Society was a crucial context for' the working out of the major changes in science over the period. The Society made its own singular responses to the developing needs of science for funds to support increasingly expensive researches, and for a more efficient means of publication for the growing number of active workers. These aspects are dealt with at length in the first section. The image of science which was held to by some of its leading practitioners and organisers is very significant in tracing the developing tensions within Victorian science. This led to a widespread sensitivity to any commercial or political involvements on the part of prominent men of science, which might have seemed to compromise their disinterestedness. An area which is very revealing of many characteristic modes of thought entertained by Victorian men of' science, is the evaluation of' scientific performance. Enshrined in the refereeing procedures of the Royal Society, this process provides many insights into the contemporary meaning of the issues of the day. For a long period following 1870 the government of the Royal Society was in the hand of the group of scientific naturalists who surrounded Thomas Huxley. Their personal ambitions and energetic support of the cause of' scientific naturalism contributed to an extremely vigourous phase of the Royal Society's history. A detailed coverage is provided of the spectacular rise and surprisingly rapid decline of the power and influence of this group in this focal point of Victorian science.

Change all but defines the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in American history. In the midst of these tumultuous times, America experienced a revolution of reform meant to develop and enhance all areas of life from politics to society, which led historians to call this time period the Progressive Era. However, the progress of the nation was not always the winning ideology. At times, the backlash against progressive ideas restrained innovators and caused them to disappear into the mires of history. One reformer who experienced this backlash was Fred Morrow Fling. Although he was an internationally-known historian, he remained a rather invisible history education reformer because his ideas were overshadowed by the enormous human events of his lifetime, including the work of other reformers and his unexpected death in 1934. As a trained scientific historian, Fling was a pioneer of historical method and the application of what became known as “source method” in the classroom and he espoused a radical approach to critical education that sought to embed a scientific approach into the teaching of history that has clear parallels with best teaching practices today. Thus, using traditional historical research methods and archival records from both Bowdoin College and the University of Nebraska, the author presents in this dissertation a biographical portrait of Fling’s life. Through the analysis of these historical documents and the evidence of his life recorded in publications and the public press, this portrait will serve to uncover both how Fred Morrow Fling’s conception of history education influenced his practice as a history professor and researcher and how Fred Morrow Fling’s philosophy of education formed and developed over his lifetime. Specifically, this author will consider: how can the philosophy of history education created by Fred Morrow Fling inform our current history education practices today? By investigating Fling’s life, researchers will finally be able to acknowledge Fling’s myriad contributions to history education, which are vital to composing a fuller picture of the history of social studies education.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-15T13:39:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Leonardo de Jesus Silva.pdf: 1432889 bytes, checksum: 59fe6f6cb3eb1ea3598d5a8bf75982ec (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-15T14:13:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Leonardo de Jesus Silva.pdf: 1432889 bytes, checksum: 59fe6f6cb3eb1ea3598d5a8bf75982ec (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-15T14:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Leonardo de Jesus Silva.pdf: 1432889 bytes, checksum: 59fe6f6cb3eb1ea3598d5a8bf75982ec (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to analyze the historiography production of English Historical Review from issues placed of history of historiography regarding the debate of establishment the historical thinking as scientific knowledge. We want to understand how some historians of the journal of the late nineteenth periodical, still at Victorian age, make one conception of scientific history in synchrony with the professionalization of history. Joining some concepts central to the history of ideas, such as historicism, we believe that the study may indicate new contributions to current theoretical and methodological discussions from the survey of the major texts and locating debates hitherto unknown. The English Historical Review is the result of the development of historical studies in the country and reflected the heterogeneity of the nineteenth century historiography, with its various historical schools. These reflections are rarely referenced the historiography of the nineteenth century, because they consider so misleading and pejorative that it was on the whole positivist, a-theoretical, traditional and political. The approach of the texts was made here considering the context of professionalization and dialogue between European production for the period and the English tradition. One of our references is continuity in respect the guiding question of history, heritage of a Whig historiography. The english historiography of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century reveals issues that do not allow us to clearly demarcate a break in paradigm, for example, or to establish models of professionalization and historical scientificization in European countries. / Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a produção historiográfica da English Historical Review a partir de questões colocadas pela história da historiografia em relação ao debate da fundamentação do pensamento histórico enquanto conhecimento científico. Queremos entender como alguns dos historiadores do periódico do final do século XIX, ainda na era vitoriana, formataram uma concepção de história científica em sincronia com a profissionalização da História. Aliando alguns conceitos centrais para a história das ideias, como o de historicismo, consideramos que o estudo possa indicar novas contribuições para o debate teórico-metodológico atual a partir do levantamento dos principais textos e da localização de debates até então desconhecidos. A English Historical Review é o resultado do desenvolvimento dos estudos históricos no país e refletia a heterogeneidade da historiografia oitocentista, com as suas diversas escolas históricas. Reflexões essas que são poucas vezes referenciadas a historiografia do século XIX, por considerarem de maneira equívoca e pejorativa que ela foi no seu todo positivista, a-teórica, tradicional e política. A abordagem dos textos foi tomada aqui tendo em vista o contexto de profissionalização e de diálogo entre a produção europeia no período e a tradição inglesa. Uma de nossas referências é a de uma continuidade no que diz respeito a questão orientadora da história, herança de uma historiografia whig. A historiografia inglesa do final do século XIX e início do século XX revela questões que não nos autoriza demarcar de maneira clara uma ruptura de paradigma, por exemplo, nem estabelecer modelos de profissionalização e cientifização histórica nos países europeus.