Hästar producerar gödsel som är en   blandning av avföring, urin och det strömaterial som hästarna står på.   Hippologum är en ridanläggning i Umeå (Västerbotten, Sverige) som producerar   20-25 ton gödsel per vecka och när denna rapport skrevs hade anläggningen   ingenstans att lagra gödseln. Detta var våren 2016. Målet med denna studie var att   undersöka ett möjligt förvaltning- och komposteringssystem för hästgödsel   mellan Hippologum och deponi- och avfallscentret Dåva DAC (som också är   beläget i Västerbotten, Sverige) och var systemets största klimatpåverkan   finns. En liten marknads-undersökning baserad på personintervjuer och ett   kort kapitel om lagaspekter finns också med i rapporten. Enligt den screening livscykelanalys som genomfördes   inom ramen för denna C-uppsats är den största klimatförändrande effekten för   23 ton hästgödsel från Hippologum till Dåva DAC odlingen av fodret.   Marknadsundersökningen som utfördes kan inte direkt säga att det finns en   marknad i Umeå kommun för komposterad hästgödsel. Gällande den lagliga biten   så kan sägas att EU har mycket att säga till om gällande animaliska   biprodukter och att den lagliga aspekten tyckts vara väl utvecklad. / Horses   produce feces and urine and this mixed with a bedding material such as   sawdust or cutterdust gives you horse manure. Hippologum is an equestrian   facility in Umeå (county of Västerbotten, Sweden) which produces 20-25 tons   of manure per week and when this report was written the facility had some   trouble to get rid off the manure. This was in Spring 2016. The aim of this study is to look into the possible soil   improver production as a management strategy for the horse manure produced at   Hippologum and the report also looks   into which part of this proposed system which has the greatest climate   impact. The landfill- and waste   center Dåva DAC (also located in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden) is the   assumed receiver of the manure, and this is were the manure would be refined   (composted). Research based on personal interviews about the manure market in   Umeå municipality as well as a short chapter about legal aspects of manure   are also included in the report. According to the screening LCA conducted during this   thesis work the greatest impact for 23 tons of horse manure from Hippologum   to Dåva DAC is the cultivation of the   fodder. The report cannot conclude if there is a manure market in Umeå   municipality. Concerning the legal aspects it can be said that the European   Union has well developed legislation concerning animal by-products and   regulates many aspects of handling and treating of horse manure. / <p>2019-01-08</p>

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While Aluminium has lots of unique properties and is seen as a material of the future, its production and manufacturing has significant environmental impacts. For complex and dimensional shapes casting remains the main manufacturing method and in this study the environmental pressure of different casting techniques is compared. A screening LCA is conducted to determine the environmental impacts of plaster mould castings in a case study at the Ventana Hackås AB foundry in Mid Sweden. The findings are compared to models of sand, pressure die and lost wax castings, based on literature datasets. The most relevant factors for the environmental performance are identified as the production of the aluminium alloy and the amount and source of energy. For plaster mould castings additionally the plaster consumption is significant, while lost wax castings are dominated by the mould production and general processes. Under similar circumstances a relatively similar performance was found for all casting techniques except the lost wax process, which is at least 3 times more emission intensive. Of the remaining techniques pressure die castings performed the best and plaster mould castings the worst, but different sources of uncertainties have been identified in this comparison. In addition a carbon footprint interface is created based on these findings, to enable specific comparisons of different casting method setups. Customizable variables allow the adaptation of three scenarios to real world conditions. As the main influencing factors the aluminium alloy, source of electricity and casting technique have been identified. / <p>2018-10-10</p>