Esta dissertação trata da representação de elementos identitários da América Latina em programas infantis de televisões públicas da Argentina e da Colômbia que se tornaram relevantes polos de produção audiovisual voltada para crianças na região: o canal PakaPaka, da Argentina, e a TV Señal Colômbia. Com o objetivo de mapear quais imagens e construções narrativas representam e indicam marcas culturais da região nos programas dirigidos a crianças, foram analisados em abordagem metodológica, inter e transdisciplinar, fragmentos das séries Medialuna y las noches mágicas (Argentina) e Guillermina y Candelario (Colômbia). Também foram realizadas entrevistas com produtores audiovisuais e especialistas em TV infantil latino-americana. A análise dos episódios pelo método de leitura cultural indicou pluralidade na representação das infâncias, com referências múltiplas da arte, do trabalho, do cotidiano e do meio ambiente do continente, o que abre janelas de identificação com outros públicos da região. / This dissertation deals with the representation of Latin American identity elements in children\'s TV shows by Argentinian and Colombian public broadcasters, which became relevant producers for children\'s TV in the region: the PakaPaka channel in Argentina and TV Señal Colombia. Fragments of the series Medialuna y las noches mágicas (Argentina) and Guillermina y Candelario (Colombia) were analyzed in a methodological, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach in order to map which images and narrative constructions represent and indicate cultural markers of the region in TV shows aimed for children. Audiovisual producers and specialists in Latin American children\'s TV were also interviewed. The analysis of the episodes using the method of cultural reading indicated plurality in the representation of childhoods, with multiple references to art, work, daily life and the environment of the continent, which opens up windows of identification with other audiences in the region.

This project, based on a study of television producers in Colombia, is an ethnographic exploration of the working conditions of cultural production within a highly contextualized environment such as public service television under state control, using Señal Colombia TV channel as case study. I examine how cultural production is affected by governmental structures and dynamics, whilst exploring the conditions and processes of public service television production, and how television producers experience these processes at an individual level. My primary question is to determine how the production of public service television under state control impacts producers’ practices and perceptions regarding the value and outcomes of their work. In this context, precariousness, autonomy, good work, power and public value have emerged as central areas of constant tension. I link issues regarding cultural work and public value in a media production analysis, obtaining direct empirical data that provides an in-depth description of the current public media production context under state control in Colombia. To explore these intersections, the project brings together interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. The findings exposed that the internal dynamics of both the nation and the organisation significantly affect the concept of public value, making it an ambivalent, uncertain and ill-defined notion. Where governance is state-driven, workers, regardless of their role, subscribe to dominant narratives and discourses that justify their work, and thus contribute to keeping themselves under prescribed creativity. In general, the present study provides a holistic account of cultural work study, focusing on what occurs to cultural work in various contexts of control, and the individual reactions to these contexts. The analysis of cultural work in this context, also broadens current knowledge on the concepts of network sociality and good work under clientelism, and in a non-free-market.

Esta tese procura fazer um breve percurso na história de duas emissoras públicas latinoamericanas a TV Brasil e a Señal Colombia -, com ênfase nas mudanças de gestão, decorrentes de suas vinculações aos governos. Pesquisamos suas trajetórias para demonstrar as descontinuidades nos processos de gestão e buscamos entender, em uma revisão bibliográfica, a noção de televisão pública, um conceito em crise e em disputa. Por se definirem como emissoras educativas e culturais, investigamos o que representa esse binômio e como estas se apresentam institucionalmente, usando esses significados como indispensáveis na formação da cidadania. Optamos por traçar paralelos, apontando diferenças e similaridades entre as duas emissoras, ao invés de um estudo comparativo, respeitando as diferenças socioculturais e históricas de cada país. / This thesis aims to review the history of two Latin American public broadcasters - TV Brasil and Señal Colombia focusing on management changes related to their attachment to governments. We searched its trajectories to demonstrate the discontinuities in themanagement processes, and we tried to understand, in a bibliographical review, the notion of public television, a concept in crisis and indispute. By defining themselves as educational and cultural broadcasters, we investigate what this binomial represents and how they appear institutionally, using those indispensable meanings for the formation of citizenship. We chose to draw parallels, pointing out differences and similarities between the two broadcasters, rather than a comparative study, respecting the socio-cultural and historical differences of each country.

Esta tese procura fazer um breve percurso na história de duas emissoras públicas latinoamericanas a TV Brasil e a Señal Colombia -, com ênfase nas mudanças de gestão, decorrentes de suas vinculações aos governos. Pesquisamos suas trajetórias para demonstrar as descontinuidades nos processos de gestão e buscamos entender, em uma revisão bibliográfica, a noção de televisão pública, um conceito em crise e em disputa. Por se definirem como emissoras educativas e culturais, investigamos o que representa esse binômio e como estas se apresentam institucionalmente, usando esses significados como indispensáveis na formação da cidadania. Optamos por traçar paralelos, apontando diferenças e similaridades entre as duas emissoras, ao invés de um estudo comparativo, respeitando as diferenças socioculturais e históricas de cada país. / This thesis aims to review the history of two Latin American public broadcasters - TV Brasil and Señal Colombia focusing on management changes related to their attachment to governments. We searched its trajectories to demonstrate the discontinuities in themanagement processes, and we tried to understand, in a bibliographical review, the notion of public television, a concept in crisis and indispute. By defining themselves as educational and cultural broadcasters, we investigate what this binomial represents and how they appear institutionally, using those indispensable meanings for the formation of citizenship. We chose to draw parallels, pointing out differences and similarities between the two broadcasters, rather than a comparative study, respecting the socio-cultural and historical differences of each country.