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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Larval Types, Courtship and Mating Behaviors, and the Costs Associated with Exclusive Male Parental Care in the Sea Spider Achelia Simplissima (Pycnogonida)

Burris, Zair P. 09 1900 (has links)
x, 97 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In all species of pycnogonids (sea spiders) males care exclusively for the offspring, making this group essential for studies on sex roles, sexual selection, and the evolution of parental investment. Unfortunately, little is known about pycnogonid mating patterns, larval development, or the costs associated with parental care. The mating habits of both male and female Achelia simplissima were studied experimentally and reveal that both sexes routinely mate multiple times and have multiple mates. Parental males experience higher frequencies of predator attacks and epibionts and a lower rate of movement as compared with nonparental males. However, parental males are harder to dislodge than nonparental males and suffer no change in feeding frequency as a result of parental care. The external morphology of the first larval stage of Achelia simplissima was described using SEM photos and compared with other larval pycnogonids. Morphological characteristics suggest a "parasitic" mode of postembryonic development. / Committee in Charge: Alan Shanks, Chair; Svetlana Maslakova; Craig Young
2

On the embryonic and post-embryonic development of Pseudopallene sp. (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) with special focus on neurogenesis and nervous system differentiation

Brenneis, Georg 13 March 2013 (has links)
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung der Asselspinne Pseudopallene sp. (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida). Die Morphogenese und Nervensystementwicklung werden mithilfe von Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Histologie, Immunhistochemie und Genexpressionsstudien untersucht. Während der Proboscisbildung lassen sich keine Anzeichen für ein Labrum erkennen. Aufgrund des Fehlens von Palpen- und Ovigeranlagen und der frühen Entwicklung der Laufbeinsegmente ist kein embryonales Protonymphon-Stadium identifizierbar. Die Evolution verschiedener Larvenformen der Pycnogoniden wird im Hinblick auf phylogenetische Studien diskutiert. Die frühen Prozesse im Neuroektoderm zeigen Ähnlichkeiten zu Eucheliceraten und Myriapoden. Hierzu zählen das Fehlen morphologisch distinkter Zelltypen, die Bildung von Zellinternalisierungszentren, die Immigration vorwiegend post-mitotischer Ganglionzellen mit erhöhter Delta-Genexpression und fast ausschließlich tangentiale Zellteilungen. Anschließend bilden sich pro Neuromer ein Paar Invaginationen, was durch Vergrößerung der apikalen Zellen begleitet wird. Letztere sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Mitoseaktivität, ihres asymmetrischen Teilungsmodus und des anhaltenden Zuwachses der basalen Ganglionzellen als stammzellartige neuronale Vorläuferzellen identifizierbar. Hierauf basierend wird die Validität von stammzellartigen neuronalen Vorläuferzellen als Synapomorphie der Krebse und Insekten diskutiert. Zwei evolutionäre Szenarien zur Arthropoden-Neurogenese werden erörtert. In der post-embryonalen Phase lösen sich die invaginierten Zellregionen vom Ektoderm ab. Sie bilden apikal auf den Ganglien paarige Zellcluster und bleiben mit deren Somacortex über fibrilläre ‚cell streams‘ verbunden. Der weitere Zuwachs an Ganglionzellen und die exklusive Zellproliferation in den cluster-stream-Systemen weisen letztere als post-embryonale neurogenetische Nischen aus. Ähnlichkeiten zu der neurogenetischen Nische im Deutocerebrum der decapoden Krebse werden aufgezeigt. / This study addresses aspects of the development of the sea spider Pseudopallene sp. (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida). In order to investigate morphogenesis and nervous system development, a combination of scanning electron microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression studies is used. Embryonic proboscis development shows no signs of a labrum. The lack of palpal and ovigeral limbs and the early anlagen of the walking leg segments lead to the rejection of an embryonized protonymphon stage during Pseudopallene development. The evolution of pycnogonid hatching stages is evaluated in light of recent phylogenetic analyses. Early neurogenesis shares similarities with euchelicerates and myriapods, including the lack of morphologically distinct neuroectodermal cell types, formation of transient cell internalization sites, immigration of mostly post-mitotic ganglion cells with elevated levels of Delta gene expression and predominantly tangentially oriented cell divisions in the neuroectoderm. Subsequently, paired invaginations form in each neuromere, being accompanied by marked enlargement of the apical cells. Due to their high mitotic activity, their asymmetric division mode and a marked cell number increase in the ganglia, the big cells are identified as stem cell-like neuronal precursors. Based on this, the validity of stem cell-like neuronal precursors as synapomorphy of crustaceans and hexapods is discussed. Two scenarios on the evolution of arthropod neurogenesis are presented. During the post-embryonic phase, the invaginating cell regions detach internally and form paired cell clusters at the apical ganglion sides. Each cluster remains connected to the ganglion soma cortex via fibrous cell streams. Increasing ganglion cell numbers and exclusive occurrence of mitoses within the cluster-stream-systems characterize the latter as post-embryonic neurogenic niches. Similarities to the neurogenic niche in the deutocerebrum of decapod crustaceans are discussed.

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