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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Protein targeting, translocation and insertion in Escherichia coli : Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships

Baars, Louise January 2007 (has links)
Approximately 10% of the open reading frames in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli encodes secretory proteins, and 20% encodes integral inner membrane proteins (IMPs). These proteins are sorted to their correct cellular compartments (the periplasm and the outer and inner membranes) by specialized targeting and translocation/insertion systems. So far, a very limited set of model proteins have been used to study proteins sorting requirements in E. coli. The main objective of all the papers presented in this thesis was to determine the targeting and translocation/insertion requirements of more E. coli proteins. In papers I and II, this was done using focused approaches. Selected model proteins (lipoproteins and putative outer membrane proteins) were expressed from plasmids and their targeting and translocation were analysed in vitro by crosslinking experiments and/or in vivo by pulse-chase analysis in different E. coli mutant strains. In papers III a comparative sub-proteome analysis was carried out to define the role of the cytoplasmic chaperone SecB in protein targeting. In paper IV, a similar approach was used to study how protein translocation and insertion is affected upon depletion of the essential Sec-translocon component SecE. The ‘global’ approach used in paper III and IV allowed us to study protein targeting and translocation/insertion requirements on a proteome level. This led to the identification of several novel SecB substrates and a large number of potential Sec-translocon independent IMPs.
2

Vers une meilleure exploitation des dispositifs de récupération d’énergie vibratoire bistables : Analyse et utilisation de comportements originaux pour améliorer la bande passante / Towards a better exploitation of bistable vibratory energy harveters : Analysis and use of original behaviors to improve bandwidth

Huguet, Thomas 06 December 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse concerne la récupération d'énergie vibratoire dans le but de proposer une alternative aux batteries conventionnelles pour l’alimentation de systèmes autonomes sans fil. Ceci permettrait d’améliorer leur compacité (moins d’énergie stockée), leur tenue dans des environnements sévères (forte température) et de réduire leur besoin d'entretien. Cette étude se concentre plus particulièrement sur les générateurs oscillants bistables, intéressants pour leur grande plage de fréquences utile comparée à celle offerte par les générateurs linéaires (limitée à la zone de résonance). Cette thèse se divise en quatre grandes parties. La première présente la construction du modèle mathématique permettant de prédire les différents comportements du générateur bistable (ces derniers pouvant coexister sur certaines plages de fréquences) incluant l'étude de la stabilité aux petites perturbations. Ce modèle met en évidence des comportements du générateur encore peu exploités pour la récupération d'énergie : les comportements sous-harmoniques dont la plage de fréquences permet d'agrandir la bande passante globale du générateur. Afin d’améliorer la précision du modèle, celui-ci est ensuite complété dans la deuxième partie par un critère semi-analytique : le critère de robustesse de stabilité qui caractérise la sensibilité du générateur aux perturbations extérieures (plus un comportement est robuste plus il sera facile à maintenir dans le temps). Le modèle ainsi obtenu ainsi que le système expérimentale montrent une grande plage de fréquences sur laquelle coexistent des comportements intéressants pour la récupération d’énergie (les orbites hautes) et des comportements non désirables (les orbites basses). La troisième partie de cette thèse présente donc différentes stratégies permettant de sauter des orbites basses vers les orbites hautes en jouant directement sur les paramètres du générateur. Enfin, la quatrième et dernière partie s’attarde sur l’influence du circuit d'interface AC-DC entre le générateur bistable et la charge en vue de son intégration future. / This thesis concerns vibratory energy harvesting in order to propose an alternative to conventional batteries for the power supply of autonomous wireless systems. This would improve their compactness (less stored energy), their resistance to harsh environments (high temperature) and reduce their need for maintenance. This study focuses in particular on bistable oscillating generators, which are interesting for their large useful frequency range compared to that offered by linear generators (limited to the resonance zone). This thesis is divided into four main parts. The first presents the construction of the mathematical model to predict the different behaviors of the bistable generator (these behaviors can coexist over certain frequency ranges) including the study of stability to small disturbances. This model highlights original behaviors for energy recovery: subharmonic behaviors whose frequency range allows increasing the overall generator bandwidth. In order to improve the accuracy of the model, a semi-analytical criterion is then added: the stability robustness criterion which characterizes the sensitivity of the different behaviors to external disturbances (the more robust a behavior, the easier to maintain over time). The model obtained and the experimental prototype show a wide frequency range on which the interesting behaviors (high orbits) and the undesirable behaviors (low orbits) coexist. The third part of this thesis therefore presents different strategies for jumping from low to high orbits by playing directly on the generator parameters. Finally, the fourth and last part focuses on the influence of the AC-DC interface circuit between the bistable generator and the load for future integration.

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